embryology clinical anatomy

Question 1

whats a haploid cell?

Answer 1

has only 1 set of chromosomes

Question 2

what are males gametes?

Answer 2

spermatozoa

Question 3

what are females gametes?

Answer 3

oocyte (ovum)

Question 4

where are gametes produced?

Answer 4

in gonads - male = testes, female = ovaries

Question 5

where is pelvic cavity?

Answer 5

lies within bony pelvis between pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet, continuous with abdominal cavity

Question 6

what is the pelvic floor?

Answer 6

internal wall of skeletal muscle that separates pelvic cavity and perineum - it’s under voluntary control so can contract at will (distal alimentary, reproductive&renal tracts can pass through)

Question 7

what is the pelvic roof?

Answer 7

formed by parietal peritoneum, made of peritoneum which is thin, transparent, serous membrane which hold internal lining

Question 8

what is parietal peritineum?

Answer 8

lining of abdominal cavity, firmly attached to walls and drapes over pelvic viscera (organs)

Question 9

what does serous membrane do?

Answer 9

secretes fluid called peritineous which allows movement without friction within the cavity

Question 10

what is the vesico-uterine pouch?

Answer 10

pouch between bladder and uterus

Question 11

what is pouch of douglas/recto-uterine pouch and why is it important?

Answer 11

pouch between rectum and uterus and in upright female patient it’s the lowest point of cavity so if any excess fluid like blood or puss then it collects in the pouch and you can reach pouch to remove excess through posterior wall of vagina

Question 12

what are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?

Answer 12

1. perimetrium (outside)
2. myometrium (middle)
3. endometrium (inner)

Question 13

what happens to myometrium in pregnancy and periods?

Answer 13

it stretched during pregnancy and contracts in labour&menstrual cramping

Question 14

what happens to endometrium in pregnancy and period?

Answer 14

in fertilisation it thickens and it sheds in menstruation

Question 15

what is the position of uterus?

Answer 15

anteverted and anteflexed

Question 16

what does anteverted mean (when talking about position of uterus)?

Answer 16

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to axis of vagina

Question 17

what does anteflexed mean (when talking about position of uterus) ?

Answer 17

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to axis of cervix

Question 18

where do ovaries and testes originally develop?

Answer 18

on posterior abdominal wall by kidneys - so blood supply etc also originates from there

Question 19

what are ovaries?

Answer 19

almond sized and shaped structures that secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones, located laterally in pelvic cavity

Question 20

what arteries supply what in female reproductive system?

Answer 20

ovarian artery from posterior abdominal wall supplies ovary
uterine artery from common illiac artery supplies uterus
(there are anastomoses between the 2 arteries)

Question 21

describe the “egg release” part of fertilisation

Answer 21

1. ova develops in ovaries
2. 1 ovum released per menstrual cycle from surface of ovary to peritoneal cavity
3. ovum gathered by fimbriae into indundibulum of uterine tube

Question 22

how is unfertilised ovum expelled in menstraution?

Answer 22

by contractions of myometrium

Question 23

what is tubal ligation sterilisation technique?

Answer 23

when both uterine tubes cut, clipped or cauterised which blocks the lumen

Question 24

describe testes development

Answer 24

formed on posterior wall of abdominal cavity, by birth they’ve descended into scrotum through anterior abdominal wall by inguinal canal (tunnel)

Question 25

where is sperm produced?

Answer 25

in seminiferous tubules

Question 26

what is ideal sperm temperature?

Answer 26

1 degrees below body temp

Question 27

what muscle helps control sperm temp?

Answer 27

dartos muscle

Question 28

what is journey of sperm production to ejaculation?

Answer 28

-sperm produced in seminiferous tubules -pass to rete testis -then moves to head of epididymis -epididymis becomes vas deferens - (within the pelvis) vas deferens (R&L) pass to seminal glands (R&L) -then pass to ejaculatory duct (R&L) -then prostatic urethra to prostate gland (ejaculatoryducts join together in prostate gland) -then to spongy urethra then bulb of penis

Question 29

what does spermatic cord contain?

Answer 29

1. vas deferens 2. testicular artery 3. pampiniform plexus of veins (intertwining of veins that drain to testis)

Question 30

what does seminal glands do?

Answer 30

right = produces seminal fluid left = a vesicle

Question 31

what does urethra do in males?

Answer 31

drains urine from bladder & passes semen in ejaculation

Question 32

what are the accessory reproductive organs for males?

Answer 32

-vas deferens -seminal glands -prostate gland -penis

Question 33

what are the male reproductive organs?

Answer 33

testes

Question 34

where does spermatic cord go to reach pelvic cavity?

Answer 34

-spermatic cord passes through anterior abdominal wall within inguinal canal to reach pelvic cavity

Question 35

where is prostate gland?

Answer 35

immediately inferior to bladder

Question 36

what are some processes that occur in zygote to human?

Answer 36

- cell division - differentiation - cell attachement (forming of tisssues) -apoptosis - induction (telling cells what to do) - cell migration