Embryology-Liver and Accessory Organs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Embryology-Liver and Accessory Organs Deck (22)
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1
Q

What does the septum transvedsum become?

A

Diaphragm

2
Q

Where does the umbilical vein go?

A

Liver

3
Q

What happens to the ventral pancreatic duct during development?

A

It fused with the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct to form the ampulla of Vater in the small intestine.

4
Q

Why might young kids present with cholestasis and jaundice?

A

There are sphincters that allow bile to flow into the small intestine (sphincter of common bile duct, sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla). If these are atretic, kids present with these symptoms.

5
Q

What makes up the common bile duct?

A

Gallbladder’s cystic duct and the liver’s hepatic duct.

6
Q

What region of the liver lobule is affected first with carbon tetrachloride poisoning and why?

A

The acinus furthest away from the portal veins. This is because they receive the lowest oxygenated blood and will die off first…hence zone III is called the area of necrosis

7
Q

What vessels do you find in the hepatic lobules?

A

Peripherally you have the portal triad (hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct) and Kupffer cells. These drain to the centrally located…central vein.

8
Q

When do you start thinking a patient may have a low grade hepatocellular adenocarcinoma?

A

When hepatic sinusoids are more than two endothelial cell layers thick

9
Q

What types of cells line the vessels in the portal triad?

A

Endothelial cells in the vein and artery. Cuboidal cells in the bile ducts.

10
Q

Where does blood enter here and where does it go to?

A

Enters: from portal veins. Goes to hepatic vein and IVC.

11
Q

What is contained in the circled area?

A

Cannaliculi that bind two hepatocytes

12
Q

What cells are the scavengers of the liver?

A

Kupffer cells

13
Q

What happens in the space of Disse?

A

This is where nutrients move through to be absorbed by the hepatocytes.

14
Q

What is happening here?

A

Extra medullary hematopoiesis in a newborn, note the RBCs and WBCs.

15
Q

What disease is shown below?

A

Ductal plate malformation happens when the bile ducts fail to atrophy in Caroli disease. This is an autosomal recessive condition that results in enlarged bile ducts.

16
Q

What does a patient have if the gallbladder is found on the left?

A

Situs inversus

17
Q

Is ectopic liver usually a problem?

A

No

18
Q

Why does this patient have pulmonary hypoplasia?

A

Diaphragmatic hernia is incomplete development of the diaphragm that allows bowel and liver to go where the lung needs to go.

19
Q

What disorders are commonly associated with neonatal cholestasis?

A

Extrahepatic biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.

20
Q

What is the most frequent cause of chronic cholestasis in infants and how do you treat them?

A

Biliary atresia. Treated with surgery or liver transplant because most hepatic obstructions go well into the liver.

21
Q

Why might kids develop cholestasis after a few months and not have any biliary ducts on biopsy?

A

The extra-biliary obstruction causes an inflammatory response. The neutrophils destroy the bile ducts.

22
Q

What liver problems are associated with APKD?

A

Congenital hepatic fibrosis, this often presents when kidney problems are minimal.