Embryology of Face and Mouth

Question 1

what is a pharyngeal arch?

Answer 1

the bulges

Question 2

what is the pharyngeal cleft/groove?

Answer 2

external invagination between two arches

Question 3

what is a pharyngeal pouch?

Answer 3

internal invagination between arches

Question 4

what is a pharyngeal membrane?

Answer 4

tissue separating cleft and pouch

Question 5

the external layer of an arch is what tissue layer?

Answer 5

ectoderm

Question 6

the internal lining of an arch is what tissue layer?

Answer 6

endoderm

Question 7

the core of an arch is what two tissue layers?

Answer 7

mesoderm and neural crest cells

Question 8

mesoderm from arches lead to what two tissue types?

Answer 8

muscle and vessels

Question 9

neural crest cells in arches lead to what tissue type?

Answer 9

skeletal tissues

Question 10

structures of arch 1 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

Answer 10

five…trigeminal

Question 11

structures of arch 2 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

Answer 11

facial…seven

Question 12

structures of arch 3 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

Answer 12

glossopharyngeal 9

Question 13

structures of arch 4 and 6 are innervated by what cranial nerve?

Answer 13

10…vagus

Question 14

name the three facial regions that join to make our faces during development

Answer 14

frontonasal
maxillary
mandibular

Question 15

pharyngeal arch 1 is also known as what?

Answer 15

mandibular arch

Question 16

pharyngeal arch 1 leads to what portion of the face?

Answer 16

lower 2/3

Question 17

what does pharyngeal arch 1 divide into to form the face?

Answer 17

mandibular and maxillary processes

Question 18

the maxillary process from pharyngeal arch 1 leads to what four skeletal bones?

Answer 18

maxillary, palate, zygomatic, portion of temporal bone

Question 19

the mandibular process from the pharyngeal arch 1 leads to what six bones and ligaments?

Answer 19

mandible
sphenomandibular ligament
spine of sphenoid bone
malleus and incus
anterior ligament of malleus

Question 20

the incus and malleus are derived from what pharyngeal arch?

Answer 20

1…mandibular process

Question 21

what main muscle group comes from the pharyngeal arch 1?

Answer 21

muscles of mastication

Question 22

the mylohyoid originates from what pharyngeal arch?

Answer 22

1

Question 23

the anterior belly of the digastric originates from what pharyngeal arch?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

the tensor tympani originates from what pharyngeal arch?

Answer 24

1

Question 25

the tensor veli palatini originates from what pharyngeal arch?

Answer 25

1

Question 26

how does the lower lip form?

Answer 26

mandibular process fuses in the midline

Question 27

what three things must fuse to make the upper lip?

Answer 27

left and right maxillary processes and the medial nasal processes

Question 28

what three things fuse to make the palate? what shape does the fusion occur in?

Answer 28

left and right maxillary processes and medial nasal process | shape is a Y shape

Question 29

the primary palate is from what process?

Answer 29

medial nasal process

Question 30

the secondary palate is from what process?

Answer 30

maxillary processes

Question 31

what is the incisive foramen?

Answer 31

the middle of the Y formation when the palate comes together in development

Question 32

if something anterior to the incisive foramen does not fuse what is it called? what about posterior?

Answer 32

anterior is cleft lip | posterior is cleft palate

Question 33

pharyngeal arch 2 leads to what skeletal bone?

Answer 33

hyoid bone

Question 34

what arch leads to the stapes in the ear

Answer 34

pharyngeal arch 2

Question 35

what arch leads to syloid process?

Answer 35

pharyngeal arch 2

Question 36

what arch leads to sylohyoid ligament?

Answer 36

arch 2

Question 37

name the four pieces of cartilage that pharyngeal arch 2 leads to?

Answer 37

hyoid bone, stlohyoid ligament, styloid process and stapes

Question 38

what arch leads to muscles of facial expression?

Answer 38

arch 2

Question 39

what arch leads to posterior belly of digastric?

Answer 39

arch 2

Question 40

what arch leads to sylohyoid muscle?

Answer 40

arch 2

Question 41

what arch leads to stapedius muscle?

Answer 41

arch2

Question 42

what bone does arch 3 help make?

Answer 42

hyoid bone

Question 43

what muscle does arch 3 lead to?

Answer 43

stylopharyngeus

Question 44

what arch leads to the cartilages in the neck like the cricoid, arytenoid, and thyroid?

Answer 44

arch 4 and 6

Question 45

what arch leads to pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Answer 45

arch 4

Question 46

what arch leads to cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 46

arch 4

Question 47

what arch leads to levator veli palatini muscle?

Answer 47

arch 4

Question 48

what arch leads to all laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid?

Answer 48

arch 6

Question 49

vasculature from arch 3 leads to what artery?

Answer 49

common carotid

Question 50

vasculature from arch 4 leads to what arteries?

Answer 50

right subclavian and arch of aorta

Question 51

vasculature from arch 6 leads to what arteries?

Answer 51

pulmonary arteries

Question 52

which arch lead to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 52

arch 1

Question 53

which arch leads to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 53

arch 3

Question 54

which arch leads to base and epiglottis of tongue?

Answer 54

arch 4

Question 55

which cranial nerve is in charge of taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?`

Answer 55

cranial nerve 7 or facial

Question 56

which pharyngeal groove/cleft remains and actually leads to something?

Answer 56

pharyngeal groove 1

Question 57

what does pharyngeal groove 1 lead to?

Answer 57

external auditory meatus

Question 58

what tissue are pharyngeal grooves from?

Answer 58

ectoderm

Question 59

if you have overgrowth of pharyngeal groove 1...what does it lead to?

Answer 59

a cervical vesicle

Question 60

what can a cervical vesicle or sinus become?

Answer 60

branchial cleft cyst

Question 61

what tissue are pharyngeal pouches derived from?

Answer 61

endoderm

Question 62

pharyngeal pouch 1 leads to what structure?

Answer 62

eustachian tube

Question 63

pharyngeal pouch 2 leads to what structure?

Answer 63

palatine tonsil

Question 64

pharyngeal pouch 3 leads to what structures?

Answer 64

thymus | inferior parathyroids

Question 65

pharyngeal pouch 4 leads to what structure?

Answer 65

superior parathyroids

Question 66

DiGeorges syndrome is a defect in what two pharyngeal pouches?

Answer 66

pouches 3 and 4

Question 67

which pharyngeal membrane remains and leads to something?

Answer 67

pharyngeal membrane 1

Question 68

what does pharyngeal membrane lead to?

Answer 68

tympanic membrane

Question 69

the auricle of the ear develops from what two structures?

Answer 69

pharyngeal arch 1 and 2

Question 70

external acoustic meatus comes from what structure?

Answer 70

cleft 1

Question 71

tympanic membrane comes from what structure?

Answer 71

membrane 1

Question 72

eustachian tube comes from what structure?

Answer 72

pouch 1