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Renal system > Embryology of the kidneys, ureters and bladder > Flashcards

Embryology of the kidneys, ureters and bladder Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

what germ layers are the structures of the renal system derived from?

A

mesoderm
endoderm
shared embryological origin with reproductive system

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2
Q

what are the layers of the mesoderm?

A

paraxial mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
lateral plate mesoderm

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3
Q

what are the parts of the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

somatic mesoderm

A

contributes to abdominal body and cavity and cavity walls

lines each inner surface

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5
Q

splanchnic mesoderm

A

forms structures of abdominal viscera

lines outer surface

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6
Q

where does the uterine tube come from?

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

where does the uterus and uterine canal come from?

A

mesoderm

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8
Q

where does the vagina come from?

A

mesoderm and endoderm

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9
Q

where does the urethra come from?

A

endoderm

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10
Q

where does the external genitalia come from?

A

endoderm

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11
Q

what makes up the renal collecting ductal system?

A 
ureters
renal pelvis
major calyces
minor calyces
collecting tubules
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12
Q

what makes up the renal excretory ductal system?

A

nephron
- renal corpuscle - glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
proximal and distal convoluted tubule
loop of henle

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13
Q

where do the renal tubules and ureters come from?

A

mesonephric system from mesoderm

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14
Q

where does the bladder and urethra come from?

A

cloaca of endoderm

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15
Q

what is the cloaca?

A

part of the distal portion of the embryonic hindgut

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16
Q

what does the mesonephric system give rise to?

A 
renal tubules
ureter
reproductive ductal system
uterine canal
vagina
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17
Q

what does the cloaca give rise to?

A

urinary bladder
urethra
vagina
external genitalia

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18
Q

Haeckel’s biogenetic law

A

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
our developmental processes tend to remember and repeat our evolutionary history
seen in the development of urinary system

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19
Q

origin of development of urinary system

A

pronephros

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20
Q

what is pronephros

A

functional kidney in primitive fish

forms mesonephros

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21
Q

mesonephros

A

functional kidney in advanced fish

forms metanephros

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22
Q

metanephros

A

functional kidney in human

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23
Q

development of pronephros

A

from intermediate mesoderm

appears at beginning of 4th week, regresses by the end of 4th week

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24
Q

development of mesonephros

A

derived from intermediate mesoderm

gives rise to mesonephric ducts

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25
what do mesonephric ducts form?
forms primitive excretory tubules and the primitive bowman's capsule and primitive renal corpuscle that drain into mesonephric ducts gives rise to ureteric buds
26
urogenital ridge
formed by mesonephros and gonads
27
metanephros
permanent kidney 5th week of development gives rise to definitive excretory units permanent kidney ductal system
28
collecting system development
ureteric bud penetrates metanephric tissue/ blastema | collecting tubules converge on minor calyces forming renal pyramids
29
what does the ureteric bud give rise to?
ureter renal pelvis major and minor calyces generations of collecting tubules
30
development of excretory system
distal end of each collecting duct tubul covered by metanephric tissue cap cells from this form renal vesicles form the s-shaped renal tubules - excretory tubules
31
formation of glomerulus - excretory system
at the other end of the renal tubule surrounding capillaries differentiate into glomerulus which goes on to form the bowman's capsule
32
formation of proximal and distal convoluted tubules
continuous lengthening of the excretory tubules
33
metanephros gives rise to?
excretory system of kidney
34
mesonephros gives rise to?
kidney collecting duct system
35
what are the embryonic sources of the definitive structures of the human kidney system?
ureteric bud from mesonephric duct of mesoderm | metanephric blastema of metanephric mesoderm
36
formation of nephrons
continues until birth | 1 million per kidney
37
when does urine production start?
12th week of inter uterine life
38
what happens to urine in the uterus?
passed into amniotic cavity and mixes with amniotic fluid | the fluid is swallow by the fetus and recycled through the kidneys
39
responsibility of the kidneys in fetal life
not responsible for excretion of waste products, this is the role of placenta
40
kidneys at birth
have lobulated appearance which disappears during infancy due to further growth but no increase in number of nephrons
41
regulation of development of kidney system
epithelial mesenchymal interactions | genes
42
location of the kidney
originate in pelvic region but ascend to the posterior abdominal cavity
43
what causes the relocation of the kidney?
diminution of body curvature and growth of body in lumbar and sacral regions
44
changes in blood supply to kidney
in pelvic region = pelvic branch of abdo aorta during ascent = arteries that branch from aorta higher up lower vessels usually degenerate but may remain as accessory vessels
45
accessory renal arteries
common | derived from persistent embryonic vessels and enter one of the poles of the kidneys
46
renal tumour
wilms tumour
47
wilms tumour
``` cancer of kidney under 5 years old may occur in fetus genetic mutation associated with other abnormalities part of WAGR syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome ```
48
syndromes affecting the kidney
WAGR syndrome | Denys-Drash syndrome
49
Denys-Drash syndrome
renal failure ambiguous genitalia Wilms tumour
50
malformation in renal system...
may also affect reproductive system
51
PKD
congenital polycystic kidney disease | numerous cysts form
52
oligohydramnios
reduced amniotic fluid | causes compression of uterine cavity
53
PKD inheritance
autosomal recessive or dominant or caused by other factors
54
ARPKD
``` rarer autosomal recessive PKD progressive disorder cysts form from collecting ducts kidneys become large and renal failure in infancy ```
55
ADPKD
more common autosomal dominant PKD cysts form from all segments of nephron renal failure in adulthood - less progressive
56
pelvic kidney
kidney doesn't ascend - remains in embryonic position
57
horseshoe kidney
kidneys may fuse at lower pole | ascent is arrested
58
development of bladder and urethra
formed from cloaca | endoderm
59
cloaca
at 4th-8th week | cloaca divides into urogenital sinus and anal canal by urorectal septum (mesodermal)
60
urogenital sinus
forms urinary bladder - continuous with allantois
61
urachus
formed from allantois | forms the median umbilical ligament
62
caudal portions of mesonephric ducts
absorbed into wall of urinary bladder so the ureters enter the urinary bladder separately
63
lining of bladder
originally mesodermal but becomes replaced by endodermal epithelium
64
epithelium of urethra
originates from endoderm in both sexes
65
epispadias
when urethral opening is on upper surface of penis
66
what is associated with exstrophy of the urinary bladder?
epispadias
67
exstrophy of urinary bladder
urinary bladder mucosa is exposed

Renal system (17 decks)

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