Embryology, public health and human factors

Question 1

Conceptus

Answer 1

fertilisation –>week 3

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

week 4–>week 8

Question 3

Foetus

Answer 3

week 9–>birth

Question 4

Gametogenesis

Answer 4

germ cell formation

Question 5

Fertilisation

Answer 5

fusion on sprerm and oocyte to form zygote

Question 6

cleavage

Answer 6

rapid period of cell division

Question 7

Gastrulation

Answer 7

formation of germ layers
Ecto (outer)
Meso (middle)
Endo (inner) -derm

Question 8

Formation

Answer 8

embryonic folding

Question 9

Organogenesis

Answer 9

formation of organs and organ systems

Question 10

major processes in embryology

Answer 10

Cell division, differentiation, cell attachment, apoptosis, induction, migration

Question 11

how development of the embryo is regulated

Answer 11

Genetic, Epigenetic (preferential expression of either the maternal or the paternal copy of a gene), environmental.

Question 12

where does fertilisation take place

Answer 12

ampulla

Question 13

Cleavage

Answer 13

the zygote (sperm + oocyte) undergoes series of mitotic divisions which leads to many daughter cells called blastomeres. When there are 8 cells compaction takes place so that the zygote becomes a Blastocyst.

Question 14

implatation occurs where

Answer 14

middle or upper uterine wall

Question 15

if implantation takes place in the overy, ampulla or uterine tube what can happen

Answer 15

ectopic pregancy

Question 16

ectoderm

Answer 16

epidermis of skin and nervous system

Question 17

mesoderm

Answer 17

subdivided

Question 18

endoderm

Answer 18

linig of gut tube, linig of resp tree

Question 19

The embryo is most at risk of defects occurring during weeks 3 - 8

Answer 19

..

Question 20

when does the heart start to develop?

Answer 20

week 4

Question 21

Interatrial septum separates the right from the left atrium in the adult heart and that incomplete closure of the embryonic foramen ovale in the septum leads to an atrial septal defect (ASD).

Answer 21

..

Question 22

The interventricular septum separates the right from the left ventricle in the adult heart. Know that incomplete closure leads to a ventricular septal defect (VSD

Answer 22

..

Question 23

abnormalities of the heart?

Answer 23

• transposition of the great vessels (where aorta emerges from right ventricle, and pulmonary trunk from left)
• tetralogy of Fallot (pulmonary stenosis, right ventricle hypertrophy, VSD, overriding aorta)

Question 24

what is incidence?

Answer 24

No. of new cases of a disease occurring in a population during a specific period of time/
No. of persons exposed to risk of developing the disease during that period of time
ie the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease

Question 25

what is prevalence

Answer 25

No. of cases of a disease present in population at specific point in time /
No. of persons at risk of having disease at that point in time
ie the fact or condition of being prevalent; commonness.