EMbryonic period continued

Question 1

What occurs by the end of the fourth week after conception (and therefore only 2 weeks into the embryonic period)?

Answer 1

• Heart is beating

-The primitive nervous system, consisting of a neural tube, is functioning.

-at 4 weeks, the embryo is still only about one-quarter of an inch (6 millimeters) long.

Question 2

What forms during the second month of pregnancy

Answer 2

• All of the structures that we recognize as humans develop rapidly
• The arms and legs unfold from small buds on the sides of the trunk.
• Rudimentary eyes become visible, and the internal organs—the lungs, digestive system, and excretory system—are also forming, although they are not yet functional

-The embryo has developed arms, legs, fingers, toes, a face, a heart that beats, a brain, lungs, and all of the major organ systems.

Question 3

most live births in the United States are full-term healthy babies. How many are born pre-term

Answer 3

-11% to 12% are born preterm,
- 3% to 4% are considered early preterm (before 34 weeks gestation).

Question 4

How many children are both with congenital anomalies?

Answer 4

2-3% of live births

Question 5

What can contribute to congenital anomalies

Answer 5

-Environmental influences during the prenatal period or childbirth, such as the mother’s age and health

-Mother’s age and health

-injury and various environmental hazards

Question 6

How much of women have no prenatal care

Answer 6

3%

Question 7

Mother’s in their 20s vs mothers in their 40s

Answer 7

• Mothers in their 20s experience the lowest risk of miscarriages, stillbirths, and births of children with congenital anomalies

-Older mothers are also at greater risk for miscarriage and for some congenital anomalies, higher miscarriage rate, babies more prone to down-syndrome

Question 8

Why are older women at greater risk?

Answer 8

• Older ova
• Bodies also are older and hormone levels shift as women age;

Question 9

For mothers younger than age 20, the likeliest reason for the increased risk is that

Answer 9

• Young bodies may not yet be mature enough to conceive and sustain a healthy, developing child

-Socioeconomic factors, as well as immoderate use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

Question 10

What can be the effects of malnutrition on the baby?

Answer 10

-abortion, premature birth, and stillbirth

-low birth weight, smaller head size, and smaller overall size.