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SEMESTER 6: Chronic, Clinical, Emerg > Emerg FINAL > Flashcards

Emerg FINAL Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

during triage, ALL ambulatory patients are marked as what colour?

What is the exception..

A

GREEN
- literally everyone, even kids

….EXCEPTION: children who are carried to the GREEN by other victims must be assessed first in those areas

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2
Q

What is a good mnemonic to help you remember START triage?

A

R P M
or
30 2 Can do

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3
Q

why do adults and children have different triage assessment tools?

A

children and adults do NOT have the same physiology

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4
Q

What does START stand for?

A

simple triage and rapid treatment

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5
Q

Why doesn’t START triage work for children?

A
  • following commands may not be appropriate for age
  • cap refill may not be accurate due to cool environments
  • resps count can over or under triage children
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6
Q

When is the time you would tag someone as YELLOW during START triage?

A

they are unable to ambulate, resps under 30, cap refill under 2sec and can follow commands.
- they have everything approved other than the ability to ambulate

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7
Q

Why do we need a pediatric tool?

A
  • too optimize ALL victims, not only children
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8
Q

Who developed the jumpSTART tool?

A

Lou Romig

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9
Q

How do you determine if you use JumpSTART or START?

A
  • if the victim appears to be a child.. use JumpSTART

- if the victim appears to be a young adult… use START

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10
Q

Who is evaluated first in secondary triage?

A

infants, those who were carried

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11
Q

in jumpSTART, what is the target resp?

A

15-45

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12
Q

What does AVPU stand for and what is it used as?

A

a tool to evaluate consciousness.

  • ALERT
  • VERBAL (responsive to✓)
  • PAIN (responsive to✓)
  • UNRESPONSIVE
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13
Q

AVPU is the last step of jumpstart triage. How would you use this tool to differentiate RED tags from YELLOW tags?

A
  • YELLOW: alert and appropriate pain and verbal response

- RED: unresponsive or inappropriate pain/verbal response

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14
Q

What is the modification for nonambulatory children?

A
  • if RED, then leave RED
  • if YELLOW,
    …..leave YELLOW if significant external signs of injury (burn, bleeding, amputation, deep wound, tender abd.)
    ……GREEN if no significant external injury
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15
Q

Who is considered for the modification of nonambulatory children?

A

(infant, development delay, disability, prior acute injury)

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16
Q

What’s your call?

A young school aged boy is found lying on the roadway 10 ft from the bus.

  • Breathing 10/min
  • Good distal pulse
  • Groans to painful stimuli
A

RED

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17
Q

What’s your call?

An adult male is kneeling across the road from the bus, he says he is too dizzy to walk.

  • RR 20
  • CR 2
  • obeys commands
A

YELLOW

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18
Q

What’s your call?

A toddler comes out from inside the bus, walking toward you and crying.

  • no obvious bleeding
  • torn clothes
A

GREEN

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19
Q

What is your call?

A young school aged boy props himself up on the road.

  • RR 28
  • Good distal pulse
  • Answers question and commands.
  • Has obvious deformity of both lower legs
A

YELLOW

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20
Q

For jumpstart triage, when are the only times you tag BLACK?

A
  • apneic after positioning airway and pulse unpalpable

- pulse palpable, remains apneic after 5 rescue breaths

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21
Q

For start triage, when is the only time you tag black?

A

remains apneic after positioning airway

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22
Q

START and jumpSTART are examples of ______.

A

primary triage

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23
Q

What is primary triage?

A

first look at an MCI

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24
Q

What is the CTAS?

A

Canadian ED triage and acuity scale

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25
What are the levels of CTAS?
``` level 1: resuscitation level 2: emergent level 3: urgent level 4: less urgent level 5: non urgent ```
26
Pts should have initial triage assessment within __mins of arrival.
10 minutes
27
If a pt is level 1 CTAS, what is the time to assessment?
IMMEDIATE, they are near death without intervention
28
If a pt is level 2 CTAS, assessments every __mins
15 minutes
29
If a pt is level 3 CTAS, assessments every __mins
30 minutes
30
If a pt is level 4 CTAS, assessments every __mins
60 minutes
31
If a pt is level 5 CTAS, assessments every __mins
120 minutes
32
What presentations would a pt have if they fall under level 1 triage for CTAS?
- code/arrest - signs of shock - near death asthma - severe resp distress - altered mental state - major trauma
33
What presentations would a pt have if they fall under level 2 CTAS triage?
- chest pain - severe anaphylaxis - overdose - sexual assault - diabetes (hyper/hypo) - severe headache - back pain ........etc.
34
What are the differences between institutional triage verses field triage?
institutional triage = CTAS | field triage = START and JumpSTART
35
What are the 4 parts of the Canadian Emergency Mgmt Framework?
- prevention/mitigation - preparedness - response - recovery
36
What is Risk Assessment for and what are the 3 questions asked to determine it?
to evaluate hazards, then remove them and/or minimize risk. - what is the probability of the occurence? - what impact would it have? - what is your preparedness?
37
Black is considered ______
dead
38
Green is considered ____
minor
39
Yellow is considered____
delayed
40
Red is considered ____
immediate or life-threatening
41
Why are resources important in triage?
during disasters, patient care needs overwhelm response resources
42
When resources are overwhelmed, what rule must we follow?
do the greatest good for the greatest number of people
43
"do the greatest good for the greatest number of people".... what is this rule called?
utilitarian rule
44
Triage is only the initial assessment. T or F
FALSE.... triage is a dynamic process that is usually done more than once
45
What is the goal of primary disaster triage?
sort pts based on their needs | - recognize futility ... this triage is based on physiology
46
What is the best triage tool?
there is no such thing, there has been no evidence data to validate all of the assessment tools against each other.
47
What is the goal of secondary triage?
- what is the pts CURRENT AND ANTICIPATORY NEEDS
48
NATO guidelines for Red tag:
- airway obstruction - burns of face or neck - shock - cardiorespiratory failure - sucking chest wound - severe external hemorrhage
49
NATO guidelines for Yellow tag:
- open thoracic wound - avascular limb - fractures - abd wound - severe eye injury
50
NATO guidelines for Green tag:
- able to ambulate - burns of less than 20% BSA - minor laceration - sprains - superficial burn
51
NATO guidelines for Black tag:
- burns of over 85% BSA - GCS under 8 - multisystem trauma - impending death
52
What is the goal of tertiary triage?
optimize INDIVIDUAL outcome
53
Triage category blue means....?
probably unsalvageable, minimal signs of life present
54
What are some important WMD triage challenges that must be taken into consideration?
- who goes first? - at what stage does triage take place? - difficult to conduct pt assessment with responders in protective gear * ****agents of attack may be mixed. how do you treat conventional injuries AND chemical, nuclear, exposure at the same time?
55
What are the 3 chemical toxindromes?
- cyanide - nerve agents - phosgene/vesicants
56
Pt has severe burns over most of their body, minimal pulmonary involvement. Out of the three chemical toxindromes, what were they likely exposed to? are they RED or BLACK
phosgene and vesicant! - BLACK
57
Pt has rapid onset of apnea and preserved circulation. Out of the three chemical toxindromes, what were they likely exposed to? are they RED or BLACK
Cyanide!! - RED
58
Pt is seizing, in severe distress. Out of the three chemical toxindromes, what were they likely exposed to? are they RED or BLACK
Nerve agents!! - RED
59
What is the limiting factor to consider in MCI triage?
RESOURCE AVAILABILITY
60
What is CISM?
critical incident stress management - "EMOTION FIRST AID" - umbrella term for all programs and services aimed to reduce stress and PTSD risk in individuals who have experienced disaster
61
What is CISD?
critical incident stress debriefing - small group program where leaded discussion and story-telling is made about a disastrous event that was experienced by all involved
62
What are the 3 primary goals of ICS?
- provide order to the predicted division of labour - ensure overall safety - ensure work is efficient and effective.
63
What is the definition of disaster?
When the number of injured exceeds the resources available

SEMESTER 6: Chronic, Clinical, Emerg (4 decks)

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