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Quiz #2 > Emergence of Science > Flashcards

Emergence of Science Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Rene Descartes

A

“Cogito Ergo Sum” - I think, therefore I exist. Seeking Truth

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2
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Replaced deductive method(aristotelian) with new science (inductive method).

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3
Q

Royal Society of London

A

Driving force of new science, advocated inductive reasoning, criticized Galen/Aristotelian science.

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4
Q

Robert Boyle

A

Assistant Hooke. Established empiric research, showed air is needed for combustion, life, sound. Argued against traditional elements (earth,air,fire,mercury)

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5
Q

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

A

Designed/built single lens microscope with 250X, discovered “animacules” in water

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6
Q

William Harvey

A

De Motu Cordis - Motion of the Heart. Refuted Galen theories of circulation such as Two distinct types of blood (venous= nutritive and Arterial = pneuma or vital spirit), arterial pumping, pores in septum. Figured blood had to circulate via Cardiac Output

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7
Q

Thomas Sydenham

A

English Hippocrates. Emphasized Bedside manner, personal observation. Believed specific therapies for specific diseases.

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8
Q

Herman Boerhaave

A

“Greatest physician of Europe.” Teacher of Europe, Med students observed 2 Cases a week, used post-mortem examination to determine cause of illness, use of thermometer and magnifying lens in clinical assessment, described “Boerhaaves Syndrome” - esophageal rupture in violent vomiting.

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9
Q

Albrecht Von Haller

A

Father of Modern Physiology. Noted muscles twitch when stimulated, Heart beats after removal.

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10
Q

Giovanni Morgagni

A

Father of Anatomic Pathology. First to understand and demonstrate need to base diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment on knowledge of anatomical condtions. “Seats and causes of disease:”

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11
Q

Leopold Auenbrugger

A

Father of Percussion. Showed how to detect cavities of lungs, locations and size determined by percussion. Lung pathology might be found by palpating the vibration or “Fremitus” produced by voice or breathing.

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12
Q

William Hunter

A

Greatest work was “Anatomia uteri humani gravidi”. Meaning in words, built famous anatomy theater in London with awesome brother AKA John “The Man” Hunter

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13
Q

John Hunter

A

Grave Robber, Williams anatomy assistant. Acquired the skeleton of Charles Bryne (7 foot 7 inches) against Byrnes clear Deathbed wishes. Extensive study of inflammation, work on GSW’s, work on venereal disease, verified fats are absoerbed into lacteals in the gut, proof maternal/fetal blood supplies separate, lymphatic system, first study of development of child.

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14
Q

Jean Nicolas Corvisart

A

First Heart Specialist. Advocated percussion. Rene Laennec was his most famous student.

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15
Q

Rene Laennec

A

Father of Stethoscope. Was the first to lecture on melanoma, named cirrhosis. Rales,Rhonci,Egophony all lung sounds derived from Rene.

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16
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Father of Smallpox Vaccination. Demonstrated efficacy of vaccination. did NOT discover vaccines.

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17
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

American Hippocrates. Believed “hyperactive arteries” or “hypertension” was key to disease. Proponent of Heroic medicine. Believed Mercury was harmless.

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18
Q

Heroic Medicine

A

Purging the bowels, venisection.

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19
Q

Johannes Muller

A

Advocated separating anatomy and physiology. called for physiology based on chemistry and physics.

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20
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Cell is center of pathological processes. Ended idea of humoral Physiology(Hippocrates).

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21
Q

Crawford Long

A

First public use of ether anesthesia

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22
Q

Horace Wells

A

First to use nitrous oxide unsuccessfully.

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23
Q

William Morton

A

Credited wrongly with first successful public demonstration anesthesia

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24
Q

James Simpson

A

British Obstetrician discovered anesthesia with chloroform, introduced to childbirth.

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25
Theodor Billroth
Refined Listerian antisespis. Began daily Post-op temperature evaluations. Developed new abdominal Operations - abdominal resection, esophagectomy.
26
William Halsted
Began rubber gloves in surgery, began tred for Aseptic surgery, best known as a cancer surgeon(radical mastectomy)
27
Ignaz Semmelweiss
Noted puerperal fever carried from patient to patient by whomever delivered babies. Counseled washing hands in chlorine-water solution between deliveries.
28
Louis Pasteur
"Germ theory of Disease", not a physician, did much to prove microorganisms responsible for diseases.
29
Joseph Lister
Used Carbolic acid(phenol) as antisepsis
30
Robert Koch
Made bacteriology a real science. Discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Vibrio cholerae. This led to other good discoveries.
31
Karl Roentgen
X-ray. Lead blocked fluorescence.
32
Marie and Pierre Curle
Discovered polonium and radium(used against cancer)
33
Willhem Einthoven
Experimented with string galvanometer and cardiac electrical activity. Credited with inventing EKG but did not.
34
sons of thunder
american methodist preachers
35
Kansas Nebraska Bill of 1853
settlers would vote to establish whether these new states were to be free or slave states
36
Mesmerism
Franz Mesmer, magnetic healers. Later evolved into hyponosis
37
eclecticism
evolved from thomsonians (Saml. Thomsan), used only botanicals.
38
Thomsonians
campaigned against state licensing; responsible for repeal or blunting state licensing laws by early 1840s
39
Homeopathy
Samuel Hahnemann, Like cures like.
40
Sylvester Graham
Live by natures laws (exercise,fresh air,regular bathing, balanced diet, avoid sexual promiscuity) and take no medicines.
41
Hydropathy
use cold water baths
42
Spiritualism
involved communication with spirits via a trance.
43
Andrew Jackson Davis
combined spiritualism and mesmerism called the Great Harmonia.
44
Phrenology
Franz Joseph Gall. Palpate skull to find bumps, reflects development of parts of brain. "true science of the mind"
45
Herbert Spenycer
Coined term "evolution" popularized ideas about cause/effect of disease and structure/function interrelation.
46
Victor Broussais
Originator of physiologic medicine, advocated drugless therapy
47
June 18th, 1874
Banner of Osteopathy
48
Who was born in 1828
A.T Still, died in 1917
49
Jean Charcot
Showed what happened when nerves were compressed (functional changes)
50
Daniel David Palmer
Magnetic healer that found Chiropractic in IA in 1898
51
Still coined the term Osteopathy in what years?
~1885
52
ASO founded in?
1892
53
Missouri in 1889
cost $100 per month to practice manipulation
54
William Smith
First DO. He was an MD
55
Marcus Ward
Graduated in first class. Started Colombian School of Osteopathy 3 blocks away from ASO
56
Summerfield Still
Graduate of ASO. taught anatomy at ASO.
57
Charles Hartupee
First DO to settle permanently in Iowa
58
Abraham Flexnor
Surveyed US medical education in 1909 including osteopathic schools. Extremely critical of all schools in Iowa.
59
Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy
Name of school from 1911 to 1958
60
Simean L. Taylor
Became Des Moines Still college president in 1911, leader in calling for broad osteopathy
61
Thomas J. Vigorito
deeply enmeshed Controversy regarding absorption of COMS into the allopathic ranks
62
J. Leonard Azneer
Longest serving COMS president(71-96), Moved COMS to 3200 Grand Ave, built a bunch of buildings, ended in controversy
63
Mississippi
Last state to fully license osteopathic physicians
64
Arthur Hildreth, DO
Lobbied hard in several states for independant boards of osteopath, full scope of practice
65
J. Martin Littlejohn
Broad Osteopath. Wanted all medical science and surgery except materia medica included in ASO curriculum
66
Littlejohn brothers
became leaders in arguing for broadening of ostepathy
67
AOA
Founded in 1887. battled for recognition and license in all states. mandated 4 year curriculum by 1916 excluding materia medica
68
Military Medicine
WW2 saved Osteopathy. Vietnam war was first chance for DOs and MDs to work together
69
Louisa Burns
First full time researcher into osteopathic concept
70
California
DO and MD associations merged in California. DO's paid $50 for an MD degree, became known as "little MDs"
71
Michigan State
First university based osteopathic school
72
Robert McNamara
ordered military acceptance of DO graduates as physicians in Vietnam War
73
Augustus Waller
recorded first human ECG

Quiz #2 (1 decks)

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