Emergencies General Flashcards
(34 cards)
The responsibility for alerting the Aerodrome Emergency Services normally rests with…
The ATCU
What constitutes an emergency?
Any UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE that precludes a controller from handling the a/c in the anticipated/normal manner.
An ATCO may suspect an a/c is in an emergency situation when:
- radio contact not established at time expected
- radio contact is lost
- report from pilot or other pilots
- erratic behaviour observed
- a/c overdue at destination aerodrome
- pilot reports short of fuel
- reports from unofficial third parties.
What are the main ABES categories? (9)
- radio failure
- unlawful interference/hijack
- bomb threat
- strayed/unidentified aircraft
- a/c unable to maintain height
- control difficulty affecting handling
- pilot unsure of position
- diversion
- non-specific/the unusual/the unexpected.
ATCOs are responsible for alerting RFFS whenever:
- an a/c accident has occurred on or in the vicinity of the aerodrome
- info is received that the safety of an a/c has been impaired
- requested by flight crew
- when deemed necessary or desirable.
In an emergency the ATCO “assists” the pilot. What does ASSISTS stand for?
A- acknowledge S- separate S- silence I- inform S- support T- time S- squawk
What is the phraseology for acknowledgement?
“(A/C callsign), (ATSU callsign), roger mayday/pan.”
What is the phraseology for imposition of silence?
“All stations, (ATSU callsign), stop transmitting - Mayday.”
What is the phraseology for cancellation?
“All stations, (ATSU callsign), distress traffic ended.”
What is the phraseology for transferring a/c to another frequency?
Mayday (a/c callsign), all other aircraft contact (station) on (frequency) - out.”
What are the general principles during emergencies? (6)
- don’t panic, remain calm
- determine exact nature of problem
- assess situation before acting
- prioritise tasks
- offload non-essential tasks
- inform, advise and co-ordinate.
Who should be informed if there’s any doubt of a/c reaching aerodrome?
ACC Supervisor
How can an aerodrome ATCO plot the position of an a/c? (5)
- VDF bearings
- marks on windows
- a/c report
- map ref/position
- ATM
What priority is an emergency aircraft?
Priority Category A
What are the main actions by ATC when an emergency has been declared? (4)
- ascertain type of emergency, crew intentions, position & level of a/c
- decide upon appropriate assistance
- enlist help of other ATSU/services as necessary
- provide crew with any info requested as well as suitable aerodromes, minimum safe altitudes and weather info.
What 3 questions could you ask to find out the severity of the emergency?
- Are you able to maintain height?
- Can you effect a safe landing?
- Report your POB.
What additional i fo should an ATCO obtain following emergency acknowledgment?
- POB, fuel remaining
- notify appropriate ATSUs & authorities as per local instructions
- avoid change of frequency & SSR code unless an improved service can be offered
- limit manoeuvring instructions to a/c with engine failure
- advise other a/c in the vicinity.
True or false
If not already declared & the controller has reason for apprehension, a pilot should be asked if he is declaring an emergency.
True
True or false
The controller may carry out the necessary actions even if the pilot does not declare an emergency.
True
Pilots use acronym DODAR during emergencies. What does DODAR stand for?
D - diagnose O - options - which are available D - decide the best option A - action to bring that option about R - review situation & action taken
Pilots can use “NITS” to structure emergency briefings to ATC. What does “NITS” stand for?
N - nature of emergency
I - intentions of flight crew
T - time available
S - special handling requirements
What is the flight crew priorities in emergencies? (3)
Aviate
Navigate
Communicate
What are the 3 emergency phases?
INCERFA - uncertainty phase
ALERFA - alert phase
DETRESFA - distress phase
What is the UNCERTAINTY (INCERFA) phase?
A situation wherein UNCERTAINTY exists as to the safety of an a/c & its occupants.
