Emergency

Question 1

Who can not have a medical screening

Answer 1

everyone can have a medical screening

Question 2

what is EMTALA

Answer 2

emergency medical treatment and labor act

Question 3

what is the focus in the emergency department

Answer 3

focus on life threatening problems and minimize the risk of missed injuries

Question 4

what are some common reasons for seeking ED care

Answer 4

abdominal pain, breathing problems, fever, headache, injury (trauma, lacerations, fractures), falls, chest pain, alcohol/drug use

Question 5

What is a quick, simple way to assess a patient in 10-15 seconds?

Answer 5

Ask the patient his or her name
Ask the patient what happened
By doing so you have just determined is the patient:
A Patent airway
B Sufficient air reserve to permit speech
C Sufficient perfusion
D Clear sensorium

Question 6

what are the levels of a emergency severity index

Answer 6

1 - critical, 2- emergent, 3- urgent, 4 - non urgent, 5 - minor

Question 7

what does SAMPLE stand for in history

Answer 7

symptoms, allergies, medication history, past health history, last meal/oral intake, events or enviormental factors leading to illness or injury

Question 8

what are the physical signs of human trafficking

Answer 8

Headache, dizziness, back pain, missing patches of hair, burns, bruises, vaginal/rectal pain, jaw problems, and head injuries, Unusual tattooing or branding marks

Question 9

what are the psychosocial signs of human trafficking

Answer 9

Stress, anxiety, depression, shame, fear, paranoia, suicidal ideation, self-loathing

Question 10

what are some symptoms of heat exhaustion

Answer 10

headache, weakness, n/v, acute confusion

Question 11

what is the treatment for heat exhaustion

Answer 11

stop physical activity, cooling measures, sports drinks, monitor vitals, rehydrate, labs

Question 12

what are some symptoms of a heat stoke

Answer 12

mental status changes, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, high body temp, hot dry skin, elevated cardiac troponin

Question 13

what is the treatment of a heat stroke

Answer 13

oxygen, ensure large bore IV, administer fluids, cooling blanket, rectal thermometer

Question 14

what is the treatment for snake bites

Answer 14

rest, remove constrictive clothing/jewelry, mark area, monitor every 15 min, call poison control, ECG, monitor heart rhythms, give opioids, draw labs

Question 15

what is the first aide tx for bee/wasp stings

Answer 15

remove jewelry and stinger, ABCs, epinephrine/antihistamines, apply ice packs

Question 16

what is the first aide tx for black widow and scorpions bite

Answer 16

apply ice, ABCs, go to hosptial

Question 17

what are the treatments for anthropod bites/stings

Answer 17

ice packs, may need antibiotics, measure

Question 18

what is the med given for black widow bites

Answer 18

antivenin

Question 19

what are the treatments for bites

Answer 19

clean, irrigate, and debridement, tetanus, antibiotics if 4-6 hours old, leave puncture wounds open, rabies

Question 20

how are rabies vaccine administered

Answer 20

weight based dose, four injections on days 0,3,7, and 14

Question 21

what does a minor lighting injury present like

Answer 21

may appear stunned or confused

Question 22

what does a moderate lighting injury present like

Answer 22

may have confusion or be comatose

Question 23

what does a severe lighting injury present like

Answer 23

may result in cardiac arrest - dysrhythmias (vfib)

Question 24

what is the nursing care for a lighting injury

Answer 24

primary and secondary assessment, spinal stabilization, check respiratory/maintain airway, ECG, cover burns with sterile dry dressing, head ct, creatine kinase, tetanus

Question 25

what are the causes/risk factors for hypothermia

Answer 25

cold water immersion, illness/sepsis, traumatic injury, immobilization, environment and not dressed to it, older age, meds, substance abuse, malnutrition, hypothyroidism

Question 26

what are the ss of mild hypothermia

Answer 26

shivering, slurred speech, decreased muscle coordination, diuresis

Question 27

what are the ss of moderate hypothermia

Answer 27

muscle weakness, acute confusion/incoherence, decreased clotting

Question 28

what are the ss of severe hypothermia

Answer 28

decreased HR/RR/BP, cardiac dysrhythmias, decreased neuro reflexes , decreased pain responsiveness

Question 29

what are some interventions for hypothermia

Answer 29

shelter from cold, remove wet clothing, rewarm, warm high carb liquid like OJ***, supine, internal warming (warm fluids/o2/lavage)

Question 30

what can you do for severe hypothermia

Answer 30

extracorporeal rewarming - cardiopulmonary bypass or hemodialysis

Question 31

what is a grade 1 frostbite

Answer 31

hyperemia/edema

Question 32

what is grade 2 frostbite

Answer 32

large fluid-filled blister/partial thickness skin necrosis

Question 33

what is grade 3 frostbite

Answer 33

small blisters with dark fluid/cool, numb, blue or red body part, non-blanchable

Question 34

what is grade 4 frostbite

Answer 34

blistering, numb, cold, bloodless, necrosis into muscle and bone

Question 35

what kind of first aide can you do for frostbite

Answer 35

pbserve for early signs- white waxy skin, and use body heat to warm affected area

Question 36

what can you do in the hospital for frostbite

Answer 36

rapid rewarming, analgesics/opiates/rehydration, elevate body part, assess for compartment syndrome, tetanus, loss nonadhereing dressing, avoid compression, topical/systemic antibiotics, debridment and amputation may have to happen

Question 37

what is high altitude illness

Answer 37

occurs r/t exposure to low partial pressure of oxygen at high elevation

Question 38

what is the preventative medication for acute mountain sickness

Answer 38

acetazolamide

Question 39

what are some ss of acute mountain sickness

Answer 39

throbbing headache, anorexia, n/v, chills, irritability, apathy, feels like a hangover

Question 40

what are some ss of high altitude cerebral edema

Answer 40

Unable to perform ADL’s (acting drunk), Extreme Apathy, Ataxia (impaired coordination), Mental health changes, Cranial nerve dysfunction or seizure may occur

Question 41

what is the treatment for high altitude cerebral edema

Answer 41

Medical emergency, Descend, supplemental O2, Dexamethasone, Hyperbaric chambers

Question 42

what are the ss of high altitude pulmonary edema

Answer 42

Fatigue, weakness, Persistent dry cough, Cyanosis of lips and nailbeds , Tachycardia and tachypnea at rest Crackles, Pink frothy sputum (late sign), Chest x-ray shows pulmonary infiltrates, ABG shows respiratory alkalosis/hypoxemia

Question 43

who is the hospital incident commander

Answer 43

person who triggers response plan and who calls it off

Question 44

what do the red, yellow, green and black mass casuality tags mean

Answer 44

Red: emergent/needs attention now Yellow: urgent, but can wait a few minutes Green: walking/wounded/non-urgent Black: dying or dead

Question 45

what do you need to do in a hospital setting for fire reasponse

Answer 45

remove from danger, pull alarm, discontinue O2, maintain respiratory status, close all doors and windows, ABCs, extingsher

Question 46

what does SLUDGE stand for regarding posion/gas exposure

Answer 46

salvation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis

Question 47

what are some ways you can reduce absorption of poisoning

Answer 47

Activated charcoal within 1 hour of ingestion, Dermal cleansing, Eye irrigation, Gastric lavage

Question 48

what is the treatment for poisonings

Answer 48

Decrease absorption Enhance elimination (Golytley q 4-6 hr) Implement toxin specific intervention

Question 49

what is the treatment for poisonings

Answer 49

Decrease absorption Enhance elimination (Golytley q 4-6 hr) Implement toxin specific intervention