Emergency 1st Responder Book Flashcards
(185 cards)
0
Q
Insert the NPA into the
A
Right nostril 1st
Water soluble lubricant
KY Jelly is good
1
Q
The recovery position
A
Patient laying on left side
2
Q
What lubricant should you never use when inserting a OPA
A
Vaseline
Any petroleum based lubricant
3
Q
What is Dyspnea
A
Difficulty breathing
4
Q
As a patient gets closer to respiratory failure pulse and even respiratory rates
A
Will drop as the patient exhibits increased fatigue and hypoxia. Bluish skin color
5
Q
Which method is the most effective way to insure your mouth to mask breaths are reaching the trachea
A
Chest rise and fall
6
Q
The tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach is the
A
Esophagus
7
Q
The flap of tissue that protects the entrance to the trachea is the
A
Epiglottis
8
Q
The tube through which air passes from the nose and mouth into the lungs (windpipe) is called the
A
Trachea
9
Q
The tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood are
A
Alveoli
10
Q
When the diaphragm moves down, creating negative pressure ( a vacuum) inside the chest, air moves into the lungs. This process is known as
A
Inspiration/Inhalation
11
Q
Normally the respiratory rate increases when there is not enough ____
In the blood or when there is too much _______ in the blood
A
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
12
Q
When the muscles of an unresponsive person relax, this often causes the airway to be obstructed by the
A
Tongue
13
Q
The best way to open the airway of an uninjured, unresponsive person is the
A
Head tilt/chin lift
14
Q
A simple device placed in the mouth of an unresponsive patient without a gag reflex in order to help keep their tongue from obstructing the airway is the
A
OPA
15
Q
A patient who is responsive but who requires an adjunct to maintain his airway should have what adjunct placed
A
Nasopharyngeal
16
Q
Upper airway obstruction is indicated by
A
Stridor
17
Q
The medical term for difficulty breathing is
A
Dyspnea
18
Q
What would indicate that a patient is not breathing at all
A
Apneic
19
Q
The most effective oxygen delivery device is the
A
Bag valve mask
20
Q
A person who is choking but is ABLE to speak or cough has an
A
Partial/Incomplete airway obstruction
21
Q
A conscious patient who is choking and CANNOT speak requires the use of
A
Abdominal thrusts to remove the obstruction
22
Q
When performing rescue breathing for an infant or small child, what should the first responder do to make sure that the neck is not hyperflexed because of the large size of the head, since hyper-flexing will close off the airway
A
Place a folded towel under the shoulders
23
Q
An emergency first responder may be asked to assist other EMS providers with more advanced airway adjuncts. Once such device can be inserted blindly only in unresponsive patients who are over 16 years old. This is call an
A
Dual Lumen Airway Device
24
What does DOTS stand for
Deformities
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
25
What does SAMPLE stand for
```
Signs
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to symptoms
```
26
A non critical patient should be reassessed every ______ minutes. A critical patient should be reassessed every _____ minutes
15 minutes
| 5 minutes
27
In an adult the normal rate of breathing is
12-20 times per minute
28
In an adult the normal pulse rate is
60-100 times per minute
29
The radial pulse is found at
The wrist
30
The patient who is not breathing should receive oxygen via the
BVM
31
What would be a sign of shock
Dry, pale mucous membranes
32
The prices of sorting patients into categories is called
Triage
33
Vital signs contain
Pulse
Respirations
Blood pressure
34
The upper 2 chambers of the heart are called the
Atria
35
The lower 2 chambers of the heart are called the
Ventricles
36
The tiny blood vessels in the body tissues and around the air sacs in the lungs are called
Capillaries
37
The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called____. The blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called_____.
Arteries
| Veins
38
No breathing and no pulse the patient is in
Cardiac arrest
39
The organ that is most sensitive to a lack of oxygen, which may suffer irreversible cell death after 8 minutes of apnea, is the
Brain
40
The sequence of events in the chain of survival is
Early recognition
Early CPR
Early defibrillator
Early ALS
41
What will actually increase the amount of air delivered to the esophagus when using a bag valve mask
Squeezing to quickly and forcefully
42
When a AED advises "no shock indicated" the first responder should check the patients
Pulse
43
Often cardiac arrest patients will exhibit reflexive, ineffective, gasping attempts to breathe. These are called ______ respirations and just not be mistaken for effective breathing
Agonal
44
When checking the circulation of an unresponsive adult patient, the first responder should check which pulse
Carotid
45
In an unresponsive infant, the first responder should check the pulse located at which location
On the inside of the upper arm
46
You witness someone collapse on the floor right in front of you. What is your first move
Make sure someone is calling 911
47
The landmark for chest compressions for all ages is the
Nipple line
48
Looking for signs of circulation include
Pulse
Normal breathing
Coughing
Movement
49
You are a line rescuer who arrives at the scene with an AED. A 45 tear old man is in cardiac arrest. Bystanders relay that he collapsed 4 or 5 minutes earlier with no bystander CPR. Your first move is
Open his airway
50
An unresponsive medical patient should be placed in the
Recovery position
51
List 3 findings evaluated in the Cincinnati Stroke Scale
Facial droop
Speech
Palmer Drift
52
A true emergency caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs resulting in severe Dyspnea and noisy, wet respirations is
Pulmonary Edema (CHF)
53
Diabetics may experience hypoglycemia by
Taking too much insulin
54
Indication of a possible stroke
Inability to speak
55
What is appropriate when caring for a seizure patient
Move objects away from the patient
56
What is appropriate care for a patient with chest pains
Administer oxygen
Obtain a history
Call ALS
57
What is the most important consideration for the patient with an altered mental status
Airway management
58
What is a common sign or symptom of a myocardial infarction
Pain that radiates down the arm
59
The medical term for bleeding is
Hemorrhage
60
Uncontrolled bleeding may lead to
Shock
61
List in order of use the 4 methods to control bleeding
1) Direct pressure
2) Pressure bandages
3) Elevation
4) Arterial pressure points
62
When a dressing over a bleeding wound becomes saturated with blood, the first responder should
Apply more dressing over the existing dressing. Do not remove the existing dressing
63
The 6 signs or symptoms of shock
```
Rapid pulse
Rapid breathing
Pale, cool, sweaty skin
Altered mental status
Thirst
Obvious bleeding
```
64
Am early indication of shock is
Altered mental status
65
What is appropriate burn care (NY state)
Cover with dry, sterile dressing
66
What is avulsion
The skin or an organ such as an ear is completely torn away from the body or may be left hanging from a flap
67
What is contusion
A discoloration of wound to the skin as a result of blood collecting under the skin when the skin is not broken but small blood vessels beneath it are crushed
68
When somebody gets electrocuted your primary concern should be
The patients heart may have stopped
69
The disruption of a joint such that the bone ends are no longer in contact with each other
Dislocation
70
The movable part of your jaw is called the
Mandible
71
What composes the shoulder
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
72
Once you manually stabilize the head and neck of a trauma patient this manual stabilization must be maintained until
The patient is completely secured to the long backboard
73
An injury to the spinal chord at the level of the cervical spine may paralyze the diaphragm, impairing the patients ability to
Breathe
74
Your assault patient has what you believe is a basal skull fracture, judging from the bloody fluid draining from his ears. The most appropriate management would include
Applying a C collar and delivering oxygen
75
The lower portion of the sternum which could cause damage to the liver if compressed during CPR is called the
Xiphoid Process
76
The 2 bones of the forearm are called
Radius
| Ulna
77
The large strong bone of the thigh is called the
Femur
78
What bones when fractured can lead to massive internal bleeding, shock and even death
Femur
| Pelvis
79
The fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone is
Ligament
80
The grinding, grating sound that may be noted when there is movement of a broken bone is called
Crepitus
81
When should the emergency first responder attempt to straighten out an injured extremity that is abnormally angled or bent
Never
82
The best way to stabilize a musculoskeletal injury of an extremity is to
Manually stabilize with the hands
83
A traction splint is a special kind of splint that is only used for certain injuries of the
Thigh
84
You are treating a crash victim who has an apparent open fracture of the L tibia. What is appropriate care
Cover with a sterile dressing and control bleeding
85
A life threatening condition in which a fertilized egg, implanted outside of the uterus, ruptures, resulting in severe abdominal pain and massive bleeding is called
Ectopic pregnancy
86
The opening into the birth canal that dilates to allow for passage of the fetus is called the
Cervix
87
When a baby's head can be seen in the opening of the vagina, either with contractions or constantly, this is called
Crowing
88
A breach birth is when the baby's
Feet or buttocks emerges from the vagina first
89
Describe the appropriate positioning of the mother in preparation for delivery
The mother should be on her back with her head and shoulders supported by pillows or significant other; her knees should be bent and her feet apart. There should be a folded towel or blanket under the buttocks
90
As the baby's head begins to emerge from the vagina, the emergency first responder must control the emergence of the head by
Placing a gloved hand over the baby's head and applying gentle pressure to allow the head to emerge slowly
91
After the baby's head is delivered, the emergency first responder should clear the baby's airway by
Build syringe
1st the mouth
2nd the nostrils
92
Before the umbilical chord is clapped or tied, the baby should remain at the level of the
Vagina
93
The umbilical chord may be clamped or cut after it
Stops pulsating
94
The newborn should be dried and wrapped in a blanket or towel because they
Lose heat very fast. When properly wrapped in a blanket the only part of the baby that should be exposed is the face
95
The loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of pregnancy is called a miscarriage or an
Spontaneous abortion
96
List 3 special considerations in assisting with delivery of multiple births
Babies are smaller
May be born earlier
Delivery may take more rapidly
Babies are more prone to heat loss
97
You are on scene of an imminent delivery when you see the umbilical chord protruding out of the vagina ahead of the baby. Your best course of action is
Place mother in the Knee-Chest position
98
If the baby is born with the amniotic sac intact, you must
Tear it away
99
If a newborn baby is not breathing or is only making weak efforts to breathe or cry, what is the first thing we should do
Stimulate the baby by rubbing his back
100
CPR is indicated for a newborn when the pulse rate is
Less than 60 per minute
101
In what location should the pulse of a newborn be checked
Inside the upper arm
102
What would be cause for alarm in a newborn baby
Body, face and extremities are ALL blue
103
In NYC a DNR that is expired is
Still valid
104
In NYS a DNR
Can't be expired
| Must have doctors signature
105
Trachea divides the
Upper and lower respiratory tract
106
Pallor means
Pale
107
Change the oxygen cylinder at
200 PSI
108
Pressure needed for suctioning device
300 MGM
| Set it at 350
109
How long do you suction for
15 seconds
110
NPA facts
Measure for middle of nose to tip of ear
Width of pinky finger
Water base lubricant only
Right nostril insertion
111
Postdictal means
Appears sleepy
112
OPA is measured
Corner of mouth to tip of the ear
113
Nasal cannula set at
2-6 LPM
114
In NYC a DNR that is expired is
Still valid
115
In NYS a DNR
Can't be expired
| Must have doctors signature
116
Trachea divides the
Upper and lower respiratory tract
117
Pallor means
Pale
118
Change the oxygen cylinder at
200 PSI
119
Pressure needed for suctioning device
300 MGM
| Set it at 350
120
How long do you suction for
15 seconds
121
NPA facts
Measure for middle of nose to tip of ear
Width of pinky finger
Water base lubricant only
Right nostril insertion
122
Postdictal means
Appears sleepy
123
OPA is measured
Corner of mouth to tip of the ear
124
Nasal cannula set at
2-6 LPM
125
A life threatening condition in which a fertilized egg, implanted outside of the uterus, ruptures, resulting in severe abdominal pain and massive bleeding is called
Ectopic pregnancy
126
The opening into the birth canal that dilates to allow for passage of the fetus is called the
Cervix
127
When a baby's head can be seen in the opening of the vagina, either with contractions or constantly, this is called
Crowing
128
A breach birth is when the baby's
Feet or buttocks emerges from the vagina first
129
Describe the appropriate positioning of the mother in preparation for delivery
The mother should be on her back with her head and shoulders supported by pillows or significant other; her knees should be bent and her feet apart. There should be a folded towel or blanket under the buttocks
130
As the baby's head begins to emerge from the vagina, the emergency first responder must control the emergence of the head by
Placing a gloved hand over the baby's head and applying gentle pressure to allow the head to emerge slowly
131
After the baby's head is delivered, the emergency first responder should clear the baby's airway by
Build syringe
1st the mouth
2nd the nostrils
132
Before the umbilical chord is clapped or tied, the baby should remain at the level of the
Vagina
133
The umbilical chord may be clamped or cut after it
Stops pulsating
134
The newborn should be dried and wrapped in a blanket or towel because they
Lose heat very fast. When properly wrapped in a blanket the only part of the baby that should be exposed is the face
135
The loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of pregnancy is called a miscarriage or an
Spontaneous abortion
136
List 3 special considerations in assisting with delivery of multiple births
Babies are smaller
May be born earlier
Delivery may take more rapidly
Babies are more prone to heat loss
137
You are on scene of an imminent delivery when you see the umbilical chord protruding out of the vagina ahead of the baby. Your best course of action is
Place mother in the Knee-Chest position
138
If the baby is born with the amniotic sac intact, you must
Tear it away
139
If a newborn baby is not breathing or is only making weak efforts to breathe or cry, what is the first thing we should do
Stimulate the baby by rubbing his back
140
CPR is indicated for a newborn when the pulse rate is
Less than 60 per minute
141
In what location should the pulse of a newborn be checked
Inside the upper arm
142
What would be cause for alarm in a newborn baby
Body, face and extremities are ALL blue
143
Decompensated shock
Any adult having a systolic blood pressure below
| 90 mm Hg
144
Contractions begin in the
Uterus
| Muscular organ where fetus grows
145
Placenta is the
Afterbirth
| Provides nourishment to the fetus
146
Amniotic sac
Bag of water
| Offers protection to the fetus
147
Vagina/cervix
Lower portion of the birth canal
| Where the newborn will deliver
148
Pregnant female should be laid on her
Left side
149
Spotting during pregnancy may be
Normal
150
Mucal discharge with a small amount of bleeding may mean
Delivery Is imminent
151
Hypertension during pregnancy
Keep mother calm
Dim light
No Loud noises
152
Supine hypertensive syndrome
Left lateral recumbent position
| If immobilization nec. Prop up long board
153
Braxton hicks/false pregnancy
Contractions felt
| Delivery may not be imminent
154
Bloody show
Cervix begins to dilate
| Mucous plug is discharged
155
Sign of labor
Ruptured amniotic sac
| Contractions at regular intervals and at closer intervals
156
1st stage of labor
Begins with 1st contraction
Continues until fetus enters the birth canal
Contractions intensify
157
2nd stage of labor
Cervix fully dilated
Bulging occurs
Crowning occurs
Ends with delivery of baby
158
3rd stage of labor
Begins when baby is born
| Ends with delivery of placenta (may take 30 minutes)
159
Preparing for delivery
Elevate the buttocks
160
As soon as the baby's head comes out check for the
Umbilical chord making sure it is not around the baby's neck
161
Bulb syringe is inserted into a baby
1-1 1/2 inches
In NYS only suction airway if baby does not spontaneously breath
In NYC following delivery of the head suction
162
NYS protocol
1st clamp 8-10 inches away from baby
| 2nd clamp 3 inches from 1st clamp
163
NYC clamping of chord
1st clamp 8-10 away from baby
| 2nd clamp is approx 4 inches from baby
164
Spontaneous breaths should take place in
30 seconds
Normal vital signs > 100 min
Respirators > 30 min
165
Ventilation of a newborn at least
40-60 min
166
Heartbeat < 60 per minute in newborn
Start CPR
167
Prolapsed chord
Umbilical chord comes out 1st
168
300-500 ml of blood
Normal following delivery
169
To gain the trust of a pediatric patient you should be
At the children's level
170
To minimize patient anxiety when assessing a pediatric patient who does not have an immediate life threatening problem the 1st responder
Should start at the patients
Feet first instead of the head
171
Often the on,y indiscriminate of illness or injury is a decrease or change in the infants
Mental status or loss of consciousness
172
What is the injury as a result of shaken baby syndrome
Brain injuries
173
What is the leading cause of death in children
Trauma
174
A child who is restrained only by a slap belt in a motor vehicle crash is most likely to have
Abdominal injuries
175
In caring for an ill or injured child what is your highest priority
Managing airway and ventilation
176
Children lose body heat
More rapidly than adults
177
What is the appropriate action for stating a proper airway in a child
Placement of a folded towel under their shoulders
178
The pulse rate for a child is
Faster than an adult
179
What should be done for an INFANT with a complete airway obstruction
Back blows and chest thrusts
180
When should the first responder perform a finger sweep on an INFANT with an obstructed airway
Only if the object can be seen in the mouth
181
What can you do for a CHILD with a complete airway obstruction
Abdominal thrusts
182
The most common cause for seizures in children is
Fever
183
SIDS occurs in what age groups
0-1 years old
184
A certain age group of children will make up "magical" explanations for things they don't understand. What age group is this
3-6 years old
| Preschoolers
