Emergency Department Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
WBC count high
A
infection
2
Q
Hgb(Hemoglobin) low
A
anemia
3
Q
Hgb high
A
dehydration
4
Q
Hct(Hematocrit) low
A
anemia
5
Q
Plt(Platelets) low
A
prone to bleeding
6
Q
Band cells high
A
serious infection
7
Q
Segmented neutrophils(Segs) high
A
acute infection
8
Q
Lymphs high
A
viral infection
9
Q
Monos low
A
bacterial infection
10
Q
Eos (eosinophils) low
A
parasitic infection
11
Q
Sodium high (hypernatremia) or low (hyponatremia)
A
dehydration
12
Q
Potassium high (hyperkalemia)
A
poor kidney function
13
Q
Potassium low (hypokalemia)
A
may cause arrhythmia
14
Q
BUN(blood urea nitrogen) high
A
renal insufficiency or failure
15
Q
Creatinine high
A
renal insufficiency or failure
16
Q
Glucose high (hyperglycemia)
A
high blood sugar
17
Q
Glucose low (hypoglycemia)
A
low blood sugar
18
Q
Bicarbonate high (hypercarbia)
A
possible respiratory disease
19
Q
Bicarbonate low
A
hyperventilation; possible DKA
20
Q
Chloride high (hyperchloremia)
A
possible dehydration
21
Q
Liver Function Tests (LFT’s) include
A
T Prot/Alb, T bili, AST, ALT, Alk Phos
22
Q
T Prot/Alb low
A
poor nutrition
23
Q
T bili high
A
jaundice/liver failure
24
Q
AST, ALT, or Alk Phos high
A
liver damage
25
Troponin high
specific to heart damage
26
CK(creatine kinase) high
heart damage or rhabdomyolysis
27
CK-MB (creatine kinase-muscle breakdown) high
heart damage
28
CK-RI (creatine-kinase relative index) high
heart damage
29
Myoglobin high
heart damage
30
D-dimer high
must rule out PE by running a CTA or VQ exam
31
BNP(B-type Natriuretic Peptide) high
congestive heart failure
32
ABG (arterial blood gas) low pH
acidosis
33
ABG high/low HCO3
metabolic problem
34
ABG high/low pCO2
respiratory problems
35
ABG low pO2
hypoxia
36
VBG (venous blood gas) low pH
acidosis
37
VBG high pH
alkalosis
38
Sputum Cx positive
respiratory infection
39
Cardiac Order
CBC, BMP, CK CK-MB CK-RI, Troponin, EKG, CXR
40
CSF Gluc low
possible bacterial meningitis
41
CSF Prot high
possible meningitis
42
CSF RBC >0 in Tube 4
subarachnoid hemorrhage
43
CSF WBC >3 in Tube 4
possible meningitis
44
CSF gram stain positive bacteria
likely bacterial meningitis
45
PT(prothrombin time) high
blood is too thin
46
INR(international normalized ratio) >3
too much coumadin
47
INR <2
not enough coumadin
48
Normal INR when not on coumadin
1.0
49
PTT(partial thromboplastin time) high
blood is too thin
50
Rapid Strep test postive
Strep throat
51
Mononucleosis test positive
mononucleosis
52
influenza A and B positive
the flu
53
Respiratory syncytial virus positive
likely bronchiolitis
54
Lipase or Amylase high
pancreatitis
55
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) high
possible hypothyroidism
56
TSH low
possible hyperthyroidism
57
T3 or T4 low
hypothyroidism
58
CRP(C-reactive protein) high
active inflammation in the body
59
ESR(erythrocyte sedimentation rate) high
active inflammation in the body
60
HCG positive
pregnant
61
Serum HCG quantitative higher
further along in the pregnancy
62
Serum HCG quantitative lower
possible failure of pregnancy
63
ABORh Rh negative
needs RhoGAM shot if pregnant
64
T+S (type and screen) positive growth
possible blood transfusion
65
Wet Prep many clue cells
bacterial vaginosis
66
Wet Prep many trichomonas
STD
67
Wet Prep many yeast
Vaginal yeast infection
68
GC (gonococcus) positive
gonorrhea
69
CT (chlamydia trachomatis) positive
chlamydia
70
Genital Cx positive growth
pending results;ED will call pt if Cx is positive
71
Leukocyte Esterase positive (Urine dip)
possible UTI
72
Nitrite positive (Urine dip)
UTI
73
Glucose positive (Urine dip)
high blood sugar DM
74
Blood positive (Urine dip)
kidney stone vs. UTI
75
WBC in urine >6
UTI
76
RBC in urine >6
UTI vs Kidney stone
77
Bacteria in urine
UTI
78
Complete Blood Count high WBC or high Bands
possible sepsis
79
Lactic acid high
sepsis or cell death in the body
80
Blood Cx positive growth
definitive sepsis
81
Since cultures will never result the same day they are ordered...
Results pending
82
ASA(serum acetasalicylic acid) high
toxic ASA level
83
Tylenol high
toxic Tylenol level
84
EtOH high
alcohol intoxication
85
UTox (urine drug screen) positive
drug abuse
86
Ketones large
likely DKA
87
Low Dilantin, Tegretol, Keppra, Depakote, Neurontin
subtherapeutic; at risk for sz
88
Digoxin low
subtherapeutic; at risk for A-fib
89
CXR potential findings
PNA, PTX widened mediastinum, pleural effusion, CHF
90
AAS/KUB potential findings
free air, SBO, constipation, large kidney stones
91
all other x-rays potential findings
fracture, dislocation, joint effusion
92
CT w/o in head potential findings
large hemorrhagic or ischemic CVA
93
CT w/o in C-spine potential findings
cervical spine fracture or subluxation
94
CT w/o in chest potential findings
PNA, PTX, pleural effusion, rib fracture
95
CT w/o in Abd/Pel potential findings
kidney stones, pyelonephritis
96
CTA Chest potential findings
PE, aortic dissection
97
CTA Head potential findings
Hemorrhagic CVA, Ischemic CVA
98
CTA Neck potential findings
carotid dissection, carotid occlusion
99
CT A/P w/ PO potential findings
appendicitis, SBO, Diverticulitis, Ischemic Gut
100
US Doppler LE potential findings
DVT
101
US RUQ potential findings
cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, bile sludge, gallbladder wall thickening, bile duct obstruction
102
US OB/Transvag potential findings
IUP, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion
103
US Scrotum potential findings
testicular torsion or mass
104
Spint Application
Preparation: none
indication: joint injury
results: distal CSM intact (ex)
105
Joint Reduction
Preparation: pain control of anesthesia
indication: dislocation of___
results: good alignment, distal CSM intact
106
Arthrocentesis
Preparation: sterile field
Indication: joint effusion
Results: fluid obtained, sent to lab
107
Laceration repair
Preparation: wound cleansed and explored. local anesthesia with 1% lidocaine
Indication: laceration length in cm
Results: good closure and hemostasis
108
Incision and Drainage
Preparation: local anesthesia with 1% lidocaine
Indication: Abscess (simple or complex)
Results: improved, less fluctuant
109
Lumbar Puncture
Preparation: sterile field, betadine prep. local anesthesia 1% lidocaine
Indication: rule out meningitis or Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage
Results: Pt tolerated procedure well, there was no complications
110
Endotracheal Intubation
Preparation: suction at bedside. consent precluded by clinical urgency
Indication: respiratory failure, airway control
Confirmation: positive CO2 color change, equal breath sounds, rising SaO2, CXR shows good position above carnia
111
Central Line Placement
Preparation: sterile field, chlorhexidine prep. local anesthesia 1% lidocaine
indication: need for intravenous access for Abx or fluid resuscitation
Confirmation: good patency and drawback through all three lumens
112
3 major sites for Central Line Placement
Internal jugular, subclavian, femoral
113
3 Labs to monitor closely for efficiency
Creatinine, D-dimer, Troponin
114
Conscious Sedation
Preparation: suction at bedside, pt on cardiac monitor and continuous pulse oximetry, RT at bedside
Indication: obtain sedation to allow for joint reduction
Post-Procedure: The procedure lasted 6 minutes, vital signs remained stable. Pt tolerated procedure well, there were no complications. Pt returned to baseline
115
Chest Tube Placement
Preparation: Sterile field, betadine prep, consent precluded by clinical urgency
Indication: PTX or hemothorax
Confirmation: CXR shows PTX to be improved. Tube in good position. Vital signs stable
116
Bedside Ultrasound
Preparation: US to bedside, pt positioned
Indication: Trauma, suspected acute disease, or US-guided procedure
Confirmation: image documentation recorded
117
Critical Care Dx
Respiratory failure, sepsis, pneumothorax, MI, severe dehydration, ect
118
Critical Care procedures
central line, intubation, CPR, CPAP/BiPAP, cardiversion, chest tube
119
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
120
SB
sinus bradycardia
121
ST
sinus tachycardia
122
A flutter
atrial flutter
123
PAV
premature atrial contraction
124
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
125
LBBB
left bundle branch block
126
RBBB
right bundle branch block
127
1 AVB
first degree AV block
128
LAD
left axis deviation
129
LVH
left ventricular hypertrophy
130
RAE
right atrial enlargement
131
LAE
left atrial enlargement
132
PRWP
poor R wave progression
133
SVT
supraventricular tachycardia
134
T-invr.
T wave inversion
135
T-flat
T wave flattening
136
NS ST/T
non-specific ST changes
137
Re-evaluations
```
Define
Reasons for a re-eval
before admission or discharge
recheck abnl vital signs
Recheck abd, neuro, lungs
Symptoms improved after treatment
```
138
Cardioversion
Preparation: conscious sedation, attached to cardiac monitor and pulse oximetry
Indication: atrial fibrillation or abnormal rhythm
Confirmation: repeated EKG ordered, patient remains in NSR, vital signs stable
