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Emergency Medicine & Toxicology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

When to use IV Deferoxamine?

A

Iron level > 500 ug/dL
Moderate symptoms

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2
Q

Anticholinergic toxidrome symptoms

A

Dry flushed skin
Hyperthermia
Mydriasis
Urinary retention
Tachycardia, hypertension.

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3
Q

Anticholinergic toxidrome meds

A

Atropine
Antihistamine
TCA
Oxybutynin

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4
Q

Cholinergic toxidrome symptoms

A

DUMBELS:
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Lacrimation
Salivation.

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5
Q

Cholinergic toxidrome meds

A

Organophosphates
Nicotine

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6
Q

Opioid toxidrome symptoms

A

CNS depression
Miosis
Resp depression
Hypotension

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7
Q

Sympathomimetic toxidrome symptoms

A

Hallucination seizure, tachycardia, hypertension, rhabdomyolysis

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8
Q

Sympathomimetic toxidrome meds

A

Cocaine
Amphetamine
Pseudoephedrine

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9
Q

Radioopaque substances in x-ray

A

Chloral hydrate
Calcium.
Heavy metals.
Iron.
Salicylate
Phenothiazines
Sustained release tablets

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10
Q

Prolonged QRS is seen in

A

TCA poisoning

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11
Q

Elevated serum osmolal gap

A

Methanol
Ethylene glycol
Isopropyl alcohol

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12
Q

High anion gap

A

Mudpiles
Methanol, uremia, DKA, propylene glycol, iron, INH, lactate, ethanol, salicylate, cyanide and CO

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13
Q

Activated charcoal contraindications

A

Risk of aspiration
G.I. obstruction.
Hydrocarbon & caustic ingestion.
Iron, metals & cyanide ingestion.
Alcohol ingestion.

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14
Q

What is the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen?

A

N acetyl p benzoquinone imine
(NAPQI)

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15
Q

What is the minimal toxic dose of acetaminophen in children?

A

150mg/kg

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16
Q

Stages of acetaminophen toxicity

A

S1 (24hrs): N&V
S2 (72hrs): RUQ pain, labs affected
S3 (96hrs): fulminant hepatic failure, and coagulopathy
S4 (4-14d): Recovery or death

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17
Q

What to do if patient presented with acetaminophen ingestion

A

1- activated charcoal during the first hour
2- acetaminophen livers four hours after ingestion

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18
Q

Name of graph used in acetaminophen toxicity

A

Rumack Matthew Nomogram

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19
Q

Name of graph used in acetaminophen toxicity

A

Rumack Matthew Nomogram
Appropriate for SINGLE overdose

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20
Q

What is the level of significant salicylate toxicity?

A

300mg/kg

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21
Q

Most specific finding of salicylate toxicity

A

Tinnitus

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22
Q

How & when to alkalinize urine after salicylate indigestion?

A

NaHCO
If level is > 39mg/dL

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23
Q

Ferric chloride turns urine _____ if salicylates are present

A

Brown or purple

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24
Q

Ibuprofen toxic dose

A

> 400mg/kg

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25
Triad of opioid poisoning
Coma Respiratory depression. Pinpoint pupils
26
Opioid antidote
Naloxone
27
Which beta blocker cause in his symptoms and why?
Propranolol Highly lipids soluble
28
Which beta blocker causes torsade de pointes?
Sotalol
29
Beta blocker ingestion symptoms
Hypoglycemia Ventricular dysarrhythmia
30
CCB & BB Effect on glucose
CCB: hyperglycemia BB: hypoglycemia
31
Clonidine toxic dose
1 pill can kill!!!
32
Clonidine antidote
Naloxone Atropine/dopamine helps with bradycardia
33
TCA antidote
Physostigmine Not used for treatment
34
Specific findings of serotonin syndrome
Myoclonus
35
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a drug reaction to which type of medication?
Antipsychotics
36
Treatment for acute dystonic reaction
Anticholinergic agent (diphenhydramine)
37
Glipizide toxic dose
One pill can kill!!!
38
Tx of methemoglobinemia
Methylene blue and O2
39
Burton lines are seen with which type of poisoning
Lead
40
Basophilic tippling is seen in smear of:
Lead poisoning
41
Lead poisoning treatment
Calcium disodium edetate Dimercaprol
42
Carbon monoxide treatment
High flow oxygen
43
Cyanide treatment
Oxygen and hydroxycobalamine
44
Alkaline agents cause _____ necrosis
Liquefication
45
Acidic agents cause _____ necrosis
Coagulation
46
Hydrocarbon inhalation cause death by
Ventricular arrhythmia
47
Benzene is associated with which type of anemia
Aplastic anemia
48
Toluene causes ____
RTA
49
Hydrocarbon treatment
Oxygen and inhaled beta agonist
50
Methanol ingestion causes
Blindness
51
Visual complaint. Abdominal pain. Metabolic acidosis with high an iron gap, but no lactic acidosis. Is a triad of what?
Methanol ingestion
52
Methanol antidote is
Fomepizole + folic acid to enhance metabolism of toxic metabolites
53
Which organ is affected the most by ethylene glycol ingestion
Kidneys
54
Treatment of ethylene glycol ingestion
IV fomepizole NaHCO
55
Treatment of organophosphate poisoning
Atropine and pralidoxime
56
Object in esophagus, child is asymptomatic
Wait for 24 hours to see if it will pass into stomach
57
Object in stomach, child is asymptomatic
Follow up in four weeks unless symptomatic
58
Is Sofi button batteries cause which type of necrosis?
Liquefication necrosis
59
Button battery in esophagus, child is asymptomatic
Remove immediately
60
Button battery and stomach, patient is symptomatic, complication?
Perforation or aortoenteric fistula
61
Most common organism in cat bite
pasteurella multocida Staph A
62
Bite prophylaxis duratuon is _____ If wound is infected, Duration is ____
5 days 7-10 days
63
Indication of antibiotic, prophylaxis in human bites
Wound undergoing closure Wound close to joints Wounds with poor circulation Crush injuries. Immunocompromised patients
64
Which burn is painless
Full thickness burns
65
What’s the most common cause of death in submersion injury?
Cerebral edema resulting from hypoxia
66
What to do if a patient has cardiac tamponade causing vascular compromise
Pericardiocentesis
67
What to do if a patient has pneumothorax, causing respiratory compromise
Needle thoracostomy
68
Wide mediastinum indicates which injury
Aortic injury

Medstudy Pediatrics (12 decks)

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