Emergency Nursing Disaster Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Anything that affects COMMUNITY
A
Disaster
2
Q
Exceed their ability
A
Disaster
3
Q
Anything that cause “HEVC”
A
Disaster
4
Q
“HEVC”
A
Hazard
Exposure
Vulnerability
Capacity
5
Q
Anything that may cause harm
A
Hazard
6
Q
Proximity to hazard
A
Exposure
7
Q
Qualities more prone to hazard
A
Vulnerability
8
Q
Qualities less prone to hazard
A
Capacity
9
Q
Formula for Disaster Risk
A
Hazard X Exposure X Vulnerability /Capacity
10
Q
Law that “mainstream climate change” or the Climate change act
A
RA NO. 9729 of 2009
11
Q
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (PDRRM) Act of 2010
A
RA NO. 10121
12
Q
3 phases of Disaster (“PDP”)
A
- Pre Disaster (pre impact phase)
- Disaster Phase (impact phase)
- Post Disaster (post impact phase)
13
Q
2 Predisaster phase
A
- Disaster prevention mitigation
- Disaster preparedness
14
Q
Disaster phase
A
Disaster response
15
Q
Post disaster phase
A
Disaster recovery/rehabilitation
16
Q
The outright avoidance of hazard
A
Disaster prevention
17
Q
Lessening the impact
A
Disaster Mitigation
18
Q
Who lead the disaster prevention and mitigation?
A
DOST – Department of Science and Technology ; Research
- PAG ASA
- PHILVOCS
19
Q
Proactive step & anticipate: “READY”
A
Disaster Preparedness
20
Q
“READY”
A
Resources
Early warning system
Awareness
Drills/Training
Yehey!! Ready na u!!
21
Q
Who lead the disaster preparedness?
A
DILG – Department of the Interior and Local Government
22
Q
Emergency services, immediate response, provide disaster relief
A
Disaster response
23
Q
Who lead disaster response?
A
DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development
24
Q
Build back to normal
A
Disaster Recovery
25
Build back better
Disaster Rehabilitation
26
who lead the disaster recovery/rehabilitation?
NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority
27
Victims of Disaster
1. IDP
2. Asylum Seekers
3. Refugees
28
• force to flee home
• within the country
IDP (Internally displaced people)
29
• forced to flee home
• outside the country
Asylum Seekers
30
• forced to flee home
• outside the country
• recognize by the host country
Refugees
31
Environment forces
Geophysical
Hydrometeorological
Biological
Natural Hazard / Disaster
32
Earth surface
Geophysical
33
Water/Atmosphere
Hydrometeorological
34
Biological agents
- bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa
Biological
35
Hurricane
atlantic ocean
36
Cyclones
indian ocean
37
West pacific ocean
Typhoons
38
Direct cause of humans action
Non made hazard/disaster
39
DOST meaning
Department of Science and Technology
40
DILG meaning
Department of the Interior and Local Government
41
DSWD meaning
Department of Social Welfare and Development
42
NEDA meaning
National Economic and Development Authority
43
Biological Terrorism; "PHBATS"
1. Plague
2. Hemorrhagic fever
3. Botulism
4. Anthrax
5. Tularemia
6. Small pox
44
Bacterial infection caused by "Yersinia Perstis"
Plague
45
Yersinia
rats
46
Pestis
Fleas
47
Buboes, "naglalakihang lymph nodes"
Bubonic plague
48
Blood
Septicemic plague
49
Lungs; respiratory failure
pneumonic plague
50
Caused by virus (virus family); ex: ebola
Hemorrhagic fever
51
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism
52
Infant botulism
Floppy baby
53
Bacillus anthracis = livestocks (sheep, woal)
Anthrax
54
francisella tularensis; rabbit fever
Tularemia
55
Rodents, can cause lymphedema, life threatening pneumonia
Tularemia
56
Variola virus, no cases since 1980, toxemia, humans only
small pox
57
Command Staff "PLIS"
1. Incident commander
2. Public information officer
3. Liason officer
4. Safety officer
58
Overall in charge, final say
incident commander
59
Media
public information officer
60
Staff
Safety officer
61
General staff "FLOP"
1. Finance administrative section
2. Logistics section
3. Operation section
4. Planning section
62
63
Budget
finance administrative section
64
Deliver resources
logistics section
65
Onsite operation
operation section
66
Provide important information operation
planning section
67
Greatest good to the greatest number of px.
Disaster triage
68
One incident, many casualty
Mass casualty incident (MCI)
69
Color of triage
1. Red
2. Yellow
3. Green
4. Black
70
Immediate; first priority
Red
71
Can wait for 2hrs but > 2hrs may deteriorate
Yellow
72
Walking wounded; >2 hrs would not deteriorate
Green
73
Death; expectant; OA injuries
Black
74
Principles of disaster triaging
1. Safety of ko!!
2. Triage officer; TT (Treat & Tag + move on)
• 60 seconds (30 treat & 30 tag
3. Life saving measure ONLY
- open airway (head tilt & chin lift, jaw thrust
- control bleeding
- antidotes (Chemical disaster)
4. One way flow
• re- tagging = treatment area
75
START meaning; In adult ONLY
simple triage and rapid treatment
76
START triage
1. Ask the patient if walking? - YES - GREEN: GO TO TREATMENT AREA
2. Is the patient breathing? - NO - OPEN AIRWAY - NO - BLACK
Is the patient breathing? - YES - RED (ALL PX. THAT NEEDS HELP WITH BREATHING IS TAG RED)
3. RPM (30-2-can do) * 1/3 fail = RED TAG
RESPIRATION = <30 bpm
PERFUSION = <2 sec (capillary refill)
MENTAL STATUS = can do simple command
*0/3 GOOD RPM = YELLOW TAG
77
JUMP START; Pedriatric patient
1. Ask px. If walking - YES - GREEN
NO
2. Ask if patient breathing - NO - OPEN AIRWAY - NO - CHECK PULSE - NO - BLACK
CHECK PULSE - YES - GIVE 5 RESCUE BREATH - NO - BLACK
5 RESCUE BREATH - YES - RED TAG
IF BREATHING
3. RPM
RESPIRATION: 15-45 bpm = >45 red tag
PULSE: 110 = RED TAG
M: "AVPU"
Alert
Verbal stimuli
Painful stimuli = YELLOW TAG
Unresponsive = RED
78
CHEMICAL TERRORISM; "PBBRN"
1. Pulmonic agent/choking
2. Blood/Tissue agent
3. Blistering agent
4. Riot agent
5. Nerve agents
79
Pulmonary system; airway inflammation
- ex: chlorine gas
Antidote: NONE
- supportive tx.
Pulmonic agent/choking
80
Blocks O2 to cell/tissue
- ex: cyanide
Antidote: SODIUM NITRATE; binds w/nitrate to excrete in urine
Blood/Tissue agent
81
Blisters
- ex; mustard gas: liquid ; blistering effect
Antidote: NONE
-supportive treatment
Blistering agent
82
- ex: tear gas / pepper gas
Irritating mucus membrane
Antidote: NONE
- supportive treatment
Riot Agent
83
Deadliest; paralysis
- ex: sarin gas
- Vx/Chemical X; deadliest type of nerve agents (can take effect for 3 mins)
Antidote: ATROPINE SULFATE; blocks increase stimulation of acetycholine (IM)
Nerve agents
84
PPE OF HAZMAT - most highest level of protection; unknown chemical
Respi; SCBA (self containing breathing apparatus)
Skin: Self encapsulating
LEVEL A
85
PPE OF HAZMAT
Respi: SCBA
Skin: fitted to skin/splash proof
LEVEL B
86
PPE OF HAZMAT
Respi: air purifying
Skin: fitted to skin/splash proof
LEVEL C
87
PPE OF HAZMAT - least/ normal working PPE
LEVEL D
88
Zones of Operations in HAZMAT Incidents
1. Hot zone
2. Warm zone
3. Cold zone
89
- full gear PPE
- incident/chemical spill
- priority: evacuation
hot zone
90
- atleast 3 ft away to hot zone
- uphill/upwind
Priority: decontamination
warm zone
91
- at least 3ft away from warm zone
-uphill/upwind
-treatment/transport
-inccident command post
- entrace/exit
Cold zone
92
If you're worst, you are first
Emergency Nursing
93
Emergency Nursing triaging
ABCD'safety
94
Airway patency
airway
95
Rise and fall of chest
breathing
96
Control bleeding; direct pressure
circulation
97
Press-blood pressure
vasopressors
98
GCS; 15 HIGHEST; 3 COMA
- <8 COMATOSE = INTUBATE
Disability
99
History Taking "SAMPLE"
Signs & Symptoms
Allergies food/med
Medication ("SHOP")
•STREET DRUGS
•HERBAL MEDICINE
•OTC MEDS
• PRESCRIPTION MEDS
PAST MEDICAL/SURGICAL HISTORY
LAST INTAKE/OUTPUT
EVENTS PRIOR TO SITUATION
100
air in pleural space
Pneumothorax
101
Life threatening
- signs of shock
- cardiac fxn is affected
- one way valve effect
Signs & Symptoms
- < / absent breath sounds (lung collapse)
- hyperresonant
- shock: hypo, tachy, tachy
- distended neck vein = heart cant pump & blood
- pleuritic chest pain = sharp & stabbing pain everytime px.inhale
- tracheal deviation
Tension pneumothorax
102
Tension Pneumothorax Intervention
- NEEDLE CHEST DECOMPRESSION
14 TO 16 GAUGE NEEDLE
2ND INTERCOSTAL SPACE MIDCLAVICULAR
5TH INTERCOSTAL MIDAXILLARY
CORRECT:
- GUSHING OF AIR
- > BREATHING SOUNDS OF PX.
- IMPROVE CONDITION
ONCE STABLE; CHEST TUBES
103
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)
Hyperglycemic emergencies
104
Type I - insulin dependent
- fact acting
- 300 mg/dl
- > sugar; pholyphagia; polydipsia; polyuria
Diabetes ketoacidosis
105
- TYPE 2
- slow progression
- > 600 mg/dl
- > sugar; polyohagia; polydipsia; polyuria
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)
106
ketonuria (ketones in urine)
Acetone/fruity smelling breath = ketones
Kussmaul's respiratory - deep and rapid = rid of CO2 = acid
Diabetes Ketoacidosis
107
Hyperglycemic emergencies INTERVENTION
1. stabilize ABCD's
2. Hydration (PNSS); NO FAST DRIP = Cerebral edema
3. Insulin/IV push: REGULAR INSULIN
IV DRIP; HYPOGLYCEMIA
*PNSS - D5 (Dextrose 5%); TO PREVENT HYPOGLYCEMIA
4. Potassium correction - heart; slow and steady
108
Sudden drop of blood sugar
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MILD - headache, dizziness, fatigue, mood swing
SEVERE - cool clammy skin, tremors, seizures, coma, death
Hypoglycemic emergency
109
Hypoglycemic emergency intervention
1. Mild - food, candy, source of simple sugar, orang juice, BJ
2. Moderate - Glucagon (IM); type of hormones; stimulates liver
Glycogen = glucose
3. Severe - D50water (dextrose 50% water); D50/50
110
Any injury brain that alters its functioning
Traumatic brain injuries
111
Traumatic brain injuries Signs & Symptoms "BRAINS"
Battle sign - ecchomosis in the back of ear
Raccons eye/ Panda - blood is pooling in the eye
Altered mental status
Increase ICP; CUSHING TRIADS; (HYPER, BRADY, BRADY); 30 TO 40 DEGREE POSITION
Nose leak/rhinorrhea/chorrhea; CSF: HALO SIGN
Seizures
112
Traumatic brain injuries Intervention
1. 30-40 position (low fowlers)
2. Reduce brain stimuli
3. Diuretics; *osmotic; mannitol
4. Anti convulsant; seizures
5. Surgical; craniotomy/craniectomy (*di binibalik agad, hinihintay mawala yung inflammation)
113
Stroke; impairment cerebral circulation; ischemic/hemorrhagic
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
114
CVA SIGNS & SYMPTOMS "IMFASTER"
Increase ICP - worst headache (hemorrhagic stroke)
Mental alteration
Face droop
Arm drift
Stability; ataxia (loss of coordination)
Talking: slurred
Eyes: hemianopsia (one side of eye vision is loss)
React fast; time is brain
115
CVA INTERVENTIONS
1. CT scan - to identify the type of stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic)
2. Treat accordingly
- ischemic stroke: thrombolytic; permissive hypertension to have increase perfusion
- hemorrhagic stroke: surgical management
116
Sudden stop of heart
Cardiac arrest
117
Cardiac Arrest "RACE"
Recognize cardiac arrest; no pulse, no respi, unconscious
Activate emergency response; code blue
CPR; high quality: 100-120 cc, middle chest, 2-3 finger, xiphoid
Early defibrillation; do not delay
118
When to not start CPR
1. DNR; legal document
2. Signs of irreversible death; rigor mortis, livor mortis (dependent lividy), decampitation
119
Shockable rhythm
1. Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia - early defibrillation
2. Ventricular fibrillation - early defibrillation
120
Non shockable rhytmn
1. Asystole
2. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
121
Is it shockable? - NO - C a M
1. CPR
2. MEDICATIONS (IV & IO); EPINEPHRINE 1 MG, 3-5 MINS
122
Is it shockable? - YES - " S C a M"
1. Shock
2. CPR for 2 minutes
3. Medications = IV, intraoseous (bone); EPINEPHRINE 1MG (UNLI) 3-5 MINS
AMIODARONE; 1ST DOSE: 300 MG; 2ND DOSE; 150 MG (10MINS)
