Emergency Pharmacology

Question 1

Drugs

Answer 1

Foreign substances placed into body

Question 2

Medications

Answer 2

Drugs or chemicals used to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease

Question 3

Pharmacology

Answer 3

Study of drugs and their actions on the body

Question 4

Main sources of drugs

Answer 4

Plants, animals, minerals, and laboratory (synthetic)

Question 5

Schedule I Description

Answer 5

-High abuse potential
-May lead to severe dependence
-No accepted medical indications
-Used for research, analysis, and instruction only

Question 6

Schedule II Description

Answer 6

-High abuse potential
-May lead to severe dependence
-Accepted medical indications

Question 7

Schedule III Description

Answer 7

-Less abuse potential than I and II
-May lead to moderate/low physical dependence or high psych dependence
-Accepted medical indications

Question 8

Schedule IV Description

Answer 8

-Low abuse potential compared to III
-Limited psych and/or physical dependence
-Accepted medical indications

Question 9

Schedule V

Answer 9

-Lower abuse potential than IV
-May lead to limited physical or psych dependence
-Accepted medical indications

Question 10

Six Rights of Medication Administration

Answer 10

1. Right medication
2. Right dose
3. Right time
4. Right route
5. Right patient
6. Right documentation

Question 11

Pregnancy Risk Categories

Answer 11

A–>D and X
Sliding scale least risk A to highest risk to fetus X

Question 12

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 12

How drugs transported into and out of body

Question 13

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 13

Drug effects once they reach target issues

Question 14

Biotransformation

Answer 14

Metabolism of drugs

Question 15

Parenteral (definition)

Answer 15

Routes of medication administration into body without going through the digestive tract

Question 16

Enteral (definition)

Answer 16

Administration of a drug via the GI tract

Question 17

Agonist

Answer 17

Binds to receptor site, cause it to initiate expected response

Question 18

Antagonist

Answer 18

Binds to site, do not cause receptor to initiate expected response

Question 19

Duration of action

Answer 19

Length of time amount of drug remains effective

Question 20

Termination of action

Answer 20

Drug’s level drops below minimum effective concentration

Question 21

Therapeutic index

Answer 21

Drug’s margin of safety

Question 22

Analgesic

Answer 22

Medication that relieves sensation of pain

Question 23

Analgesia

Answer 23

Absence of sensation of pain

Question 24

Anesthesia

Answer 24

Absence of all sensation

Question 25

Parkinson's Disease

Answer 25

Nervous disorder caused by destruction of dopamine-releasing neurons in substantial nigra (controlling fine movements)

Question 26

Pharmacological therapy for Parkinson's Disease

Answer 26

Restore balance of dopamine and acetylcholine (Levodopa, sinemet)

Question 27

Cholinergic

Answer 27

Synapses that use acetylcholine as neurotransmitter

Question 28

Adrenergic

Answer 28

Synapses that use norepinephrine as neurotransmitter

Question 29

Cranial Nerves

Answer 29

1. Ooh-- Olfactory 2. Ooh-- Optic 3. Ooh-- Oculomotor 4. To-- Trochlear 5. Touch-- Trigeminal 6. And-- Abducens 7. Feel-- Facial 8. Very-- Vestibulocochlear (Auditory) 9. Good-- Glossopharyngeal 10. Velvet-- Vagus 11. Such-- Spinal Accessory 12. Heaven-- Hypoglossal

Question 30

Stimulation of Parasympathetic NS=

Answer 30

-Pupillary constriction -Reduced HR/Cardiac contractile force -Secretion by digestive glands -Bronchoconstriction

Question 31

Parasympathetic System ACh Receptors

Answer 31

Nicotinic- Nicotine is agonist Muscarinic- Muscarine (toxic alkaloid found in some mushrooms) is agonist

Question 32

Muscarinic Symptoms

Answer 32

Red as a beet, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter

Question 33

SLUDGE

Answer 33

ANS Reactions Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation GI motility Emesis

Question 34

Parasympatholytic Medications

Answer 34

Atropine- Indicated for bradychardia, antidote for organophosphate poisoning, premedication for RSI Ipratropium Atrovent- Indicated for bronchospasm associated with lung disease (asthma, COPD) These selectively block muscarinic receptors inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation

Question 35

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Answer 35

Succinylcholine Anectine- Indicated for RSI. Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker Vecuronium Norcuron- Indicated for RSI. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Rocuronium Zemuron- Indicated for RSI. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

Question 36

Stimulation of Sympathetic NS=

Answer 36

-Stimulation of secretion by sweat glands -Constriction of blood vessels in skin -Increase in blood flow to skeletal muscles -Increase in HR and cardiac contractility -Bronchodilation -Stimulation of energy production

Question 37

Adrenergic Receptors (four types)

Answer 37

Alpha 1 and 2 Beta 1-3

Question 38

Sympathomimetics

Answer 38

Stimulate sympathetic NS

Question 39

Sympatholytics

Answer 39

Inhibit sympathetic NS

Question 40

Normal Saline vs. Lactated Ringers for hypovolemia. What is the advantage of using LR?

Answer 40

LR helps decrease acidosis in a hypovolemic pt.