Emergency Response Flashcards
(44 cards)
What are the keys to the Primary Assessment?
ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), severe bleeding, and shock
What does the secondary assessment include?
SAMPLE questions, trauma assessment, or head to toe assessment if etiology unclear/no trauma
What does SAMPLE stand for?
Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past illness/PMH, Last oral intake, Events leading up to present injury/illness
What acronym is used to annotate findings from the head to toe assessment when trauma has occurred?
DCAPBTLS (deformity, contusion, abrasion, puncture/penetration, burn, tenderness, laceration, swelling)
When assessing level of consciousness, what are the 4 categories ?
Alert; able to respond
Verbal
Painful
Unresponsive
During the initial assessment, what are you observing with regards to AIRWAY?
Respiration rate, quality, rhythm (regular or irregular - irregular should be referred), effort (normal, shallow, labored, noisy), open vs blocked (for unresponsive athlete)
What are the two methods to open the airway of an unresponsive athlete?
- Head tilt, chin lift
2. Jaw thrust (if spinal injury suspected)
If the unresponsive athlete has no pulse, what action should be taken?
Chest compressions using CPR for cardiac arrest
If the unresponsive athlete has a pulse, but is not breathing, what actions should be taken?
Rescue breathing (supplemental 02 and bag valve masks increase saturation rate)
What is the standard of care for severe arterial bleeding?
Tourniquet (life over limb)
What is the process for treating an athlete with a bleeding wound?
- Stop bleeding (fingertip pressure with clean dressing)
- Clean with tap water or saline
- Dress and bandage wound with material appropriate for sport
- must be cleaned from equipment and uniforms
What is shock?
A medical emergency - the body and organs are not receiving adequate flow of blood
What are the 3 stages of shock?
- Stage 1: COMPENSATED or non-progressive = body compensates by increasing HR, vasoconstriction of blood vessels, kidneys retain water
- Stage 2: DECOMPENSATED or progressive =lack of 02 to brain (confused, disoriented), increased thirst, body’s temp regulations starts to fail
- Stage 3: IRREVERSIBLE = poor perfusion -> permanent damage to organs and tissues (end point is death)
What are the keys for stopping, reversing shock?
Early recognition, keep patient comfortable (elevate lower extremities and supplemental 02), monitor for cardiac emergency (CPR), put on side/recovery position (with nausea and vomiting)
What are the different types of shock?
Cardiogenic, neurogenic, respiratory, hypovolemoc, psychogenic
How often should the unstable, and stable athletes be re-evaluated after injury?
Unstable = every 5 minutes
Stable =every 15 minutes
What should the management plan include for the athlete with asthma?
Attempt to control environmental variables, have medications on hand - metered-dose or dry powder inhalers (short acting bronchodilators for immediate use; long acting meds for several hours relief)
What are the signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis? And how should it be treated?
- Swelling of the airway, tongue, and tingling of the lips. —Inject Epi-Pen (0.3-0.5 mg); effects take 5-10 min
- Call EMS.
- Provide emergency oxygen (if available)
- Observe for continuous reactions.
With injuries to head and/or neck, blows to skull. What injuries should be considered? What examinations should be performed?
- Consider: C-spine injury, concussion or brain injury
- evaluate pupillary reactions, visual fields, cranial nerve testing; look for fluid from ears, nose
What are the signs and symptoms of an epidural hematoma?
- DILATED PUPILS, HA, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, respiratory difficulty
- typically period of lucidity before symptoms appear
What are the signs and symptoms of a subdural hematoma?
- confusion, behavior changes, HA
* more common in sports (vs. epidural)
What is the most common eye injury mechanism in sports? What more serious conditions may result from this?
- Blunt trauma to the eye or brow
- RUPTURED GLOBE (sclera and/or cornea), HYPHEMA (pooling blood in anterior eye chamber between cornea and iris), BLOW OUT FRACTURE (break of one or more bones that surround eye)
What are other common mechanisms for EYE INJURIES in sport?
- PENETRATING INJURY (examine depth and location; can cause permanent loss of vision)
- CORNEAL ABRASIONS (usually from debris or fingernail; tx= cover both eyes and refer to ophthalmologist)
- RADIATION (prolonged exposure to UV; risk f vision loss or damage; wear polarized polycarbonate lens glasses)
- CHEMICAL BURNS (eye wash for min 20 minutes; refer to ophthalmologist)
What is Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
A inherited disorder where heart muscle is replaced by fat = leads to abnormal rhythms, weakened heart
