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CCT Work Stuff > EMERGENT ALS Drugs > Flashcards

EMERGENT ALS Drugs Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

Action

A

Analgesic and Antipyretic

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2
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

Indications/Contraindications

A

Indications: Fever >100.4 / Minor injury or pain

Contraindications: Altered mentation, Lethargic, Dysphagia, Liver failure

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3
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

Dose

A

15mg/kg (1 gram Maximum)
Every six hours as needed
Onset: 15-20 mins

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4
Q

ASPRIN

Action

A

Interferes with platelet aggregation and is known as an anti-platelet medication.

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5
Q

ASPRIN

Indications

A
  • Myocardial infarction patients reduce the risk of death in patients with previous infarction
  • Unstable angina
  • Cardiac related chest pain
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6
Q

ASPRIN

Contraindications

A
  • Known hypersensitivity to this medication

* Recent history of gastric or duodenal ulcers

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7
Q

ASPRIN

Dose

A

324 mg (4 baby asprin or 1 adult strength

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8
Q

ADENOSINE

Action

A

It slows conduction through the AV node- It is useful in blocking re-
entrant pathways in supraventricular tachycardia.

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9
Q

ADENOSINE

Indications

A

Treatment of PSVT (including Wolfe-Parkinson-White Syndrome)

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10
Q

ADENOSINE

Contraindications

A
  • Second or third-degree AV blocks
  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • History of WPW
  • Hypersensitivity to this medication
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11
Q

ADENOSINE

Dose

A

Adult: [20 mL Syringe]
• 6 mg rapid IV Push
• Repeat dose of 12 mg rapidly IVP if no conversion after 3 minutes
Pediatric: [10 mL Syringe]
• 0.1mg/kg IV or IO push
• If no response, double the original dose and repeat once in three minutes

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12
Q

ALBUTEROL

Action

A

Albuterol is a sympathomimetic bronchodilator. It acts selectively on beta 2 receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle.

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13
Q

ALBUTEROL

Indications

A
  • Hyperkalemia

- Bronchospasm secondary to asthma or exacerbation of COPD

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14
Q

Albuterol

Contraindications

A
  • Hypersensitivity to albuterol

* Tachycardia

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15
Q

ALBUTEROL

Dose

A 
Neb 1
- 2.5 —5.0 mg via nebulizer, with 02 set to 6 liter/min
Neb 2
- 10mg over 1 hour
Maximum dose 20mg
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16
Q

AMIODARONE

Action

A

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication; calcium, potassium and sodium channel blocker; negative chronotropic, negative dromotropic, and vasodilator. Its vasodilatory effects can decrease cardiac workload and as a result, decrease myocardial oxygen consumption.

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17
Q

AMIODARONE

Indications

A
  • VF/Pulseless VT

- VT with a pulse

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18
Q

AMIODARONE

Contraindications

A
  • Hypersensitivity to the drug
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Sinus bradycardia
  • High degree AV block
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19
Q

AMIODARONE

Side Effects

A
  • Bradycardia
  • AV block
  • Nausea
  • Vasodilatation and hypotension
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20
Q

AMIODARONE

Dose

A

Adult:

Cardiac Arrest - VF/ pulseless VT

300 mg IV push followed by an immediate 20-30 ml flush
If refractory, consider a repeat dose in 3-5 minutes, of 150 mg IV push in (3 ml, 1 vial) followed by an immediate 20„30 ml flush

Ventricular ectopy:

For V Tach with pulse and unstable PSVT administer150 mg slow IV over 10 minutes. (Mix 3 ml (150 mg) in 100 ml D5W)

Pediatric:

Cardiac Arrest VF Pulseless VT
5 mg/kg, IV / 10
Repeat up to 15 mg/kg
Max dose 300 mg

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21
Q

ATROPINE

Action

A

Effects include dilation of the pupils, relaxation of the bronchioles, decreased gastric motility and increased heart rate. It produces both positive chronotropic and positive dromotropic effects.

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22
Q

ATROPINE

Indications

A
  • Symptomatic bradycardia
  • Organophosphate poisoning
  • Pre-medication for R-S-I intubation in pediatric patients
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23
Q

ATROPINE

Contraindications

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • myasthenia gravies
  • Tachycardia
  • Newborns
  • heart transplant patients
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24
Q

ATROPINE

Dose

A 
Adults:
1 IV
• 0.5- 1.0 mg IV push, rapidly every 3 5 minutes 
2 IV
- 2 - 5 mg every 3 to 5 minutes
- MAXIMUM dose is 0 .04 mg/kg

Pediatric:

• 0.02 mg/kg IV push
- MAXIMUM single dose of 0.5 mg in children and 1.0 mg in adolescents

Note

  • Atropine may be given via E-T- tube, at 2 – 2.5 times the IV dose
  • Organophosphate poisoning may require large doses (5-10 mg) for symptom relief
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25
CALCIUM CHLORIDE | Action
Calcium Chloride is an essential electrolyte for functional integrity of the nervous and muscular system, cardiac contractility and coagulation of blood.
26
CALCIUM CHLORIDE | Indications
* Beta blocker overdose * hyperkalemia * calcium channel blocker toxicity * cardiac resuscitation (questionable value)
27
CALCIUM CHLORIDE | Contraindications
* Ventricular fibrillation during arrest * Hypercalcemia * Digitalis toxicity
28
CALCIUM CHLORIDE | Dose
``` Adult 1 & 2 IV: 1 - 2 grams over 5 mins q 10-20 min 3 IV: 1 gram slow over 2 mins Pediatric 1 IV: Not Indicated 2 IV: 20mg/kg over 5-10 mins 3 IV: 20mg/kg over 2 mins ``` MAXIMUM q dose: 1 gram
29
Dextrose | Action
Dextrose stimulates the transient take calcium by cells, Especially in muscle tissue, lowering serum test
30
Dextrose | Indications
- hypoglycemia | - Hyperkalemia (must be used in combination with insulin)
31
Dextrose | Contraindications
-Hyperglycemia
32
Dextrose | (Dose)
Adult 1 IV: 12.5 - 25 grams of D50 or D25 slow 2 IV: 25 grams of D50 or D25 followed by….. Infusion: 0.5g/kg/hr, titrate glucose to 100-200 mg/dL Pediatric 1 IV: 0.5 - 1g/kg of D25 over 15-30 min Infusion: 0.5 - 1 g/kg of D25 over 15-30 mins
33
Diltiazem | Action
Inhibits calcium ions from entering the slow channels of the vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization. It produces relaxation of the coronary vascular smooth muscle/coronary vasodilation.
34
Diltiazem | (indications)
- atrial fibrillation - atrial flutter - SVT
35
Diltiazem | Contraindications
–2nd or 3rd heart block (Without a pacemaker) – Atrial fib/flutter with accessory bypass tract -WPW or short PR syndrome – Sick sinus syndrome (without a pacemaker) - ventricular tachycardia
36
Diltiazem | Dose
Adult IV: 0.25 mg/kg over 2 min; repeat 0.35 mg/kg q 15 min Infusion: 5-15 mg/hr; Titrate to affect MAXIMUM 15mg/hr Pediatric IV: 0.25 mg/kg over 5 min; repeat q 15 min Infusion: 0.05-0.15 mg/kg/hr; titrate to affect MAXIMUM q dose 20mg|Total 15mg/hr
37
Diphenhydramine | Action
It is an anti-histamine that competes for the H1 receptor sites on effector cells in the G.I. tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract. Sedative affects are also seen.
38
Diphenhydramine | Indications
- Allergic reactions/Anaphylaxis/Behavioral emergencies/Dystonic reactions - Anti-emetic/Motion Sickness
39
Diphenhydramine | Contraindications
-Acute asthma –Nursing mothers -Patient taking MAO inhibitors
40
Diphenhydramine | Dose
``` ADULT 1 IV/IM 25-50 mg q 6 hours 2 IV 10-50 mg q 6 hours MAXIMUM q dose: 50 mg MAXIMUM Total: 300mg ``` ``` PEDIATRIC 1 IV/IM 1-2 mg/kg q 6 hours 2 IV 1 mg/kg q 6 hours MAXIMUM q dose: 50 mg MAXIMUM Total dose: 150 ```
41
Epinephrine | (Action)
Stimulates Alpha1 & Beta2 receptors. Positive inotropic, Chronotropic, dromotropic effects.
42
Epinephrine | Indications/Contraindications
```  Indications 1. Allergic reactions 2. Bradycardia 3. Hypotension/Cardiogenic shock 4. Cardiac arrest Contraindications -None ```
43
Epinephrine | (Adult dose)
1IM: 0.3-0.5 mg (1mg/mL) q 15 min 1NEB: 3 mg (1mg/mL) for STRIDOR 2 & 3 Infusion: 2mcg/min; titrate to effect 4IV: 1 mg (0.1 mg/mL) q 3 - 5 mins MAXIMUM Infusion: 10mcg/min
44
Epinephrine | (Pedi Dose)
1IM: 0.01 mg/kg (1mg/mL) q 15 min 1NEB: 3 mg (1mg/mL) for STRIDOR 2 & 4IV: 0.01 mg/kg (0.1mg/mL) q 3 - 5 min 2 & 3 Infusion: 0.01 mcg/kg/min, titrate to effect
45
Etomidate | Action
Sedative, with no analgesic or muscle relaxing effects
46
Etomidate | Indication
-Rapid Sequence intubation
47
Etomidate | Contraindication
- Adrenal Insufficiency - Suspected Sepsis - Pregnancy/Lactation - SBP <90 mmHg
48
Etomidate | Adult Dose
IV: 0.3 - 0.5 mg/kg
49
Etomidate | Pedi dose
IV: 0.2 - 0.4 mg/kg
50
Fentanyl | Action
It binds with opioid receptors and increases pain threshold; produces CNS depression
51
Fentanyl | (Indications)
1. Pain management 2. Post intubation management 3. Rapid sequence intubation
52
Fentanyl | Contraindications
- Myasthenia gravis | - Pregnancy or Lactation
53
Fentanyl | Adult Dose
1. IV/IM 0.25-1mcg/kg slow q 5-10 minutes 2. IV 0.25-3mcg/kg q 10 minutes - -Infusion 1-2mcg/kg/hr 3. IV 1-3mcg/kg over 30-60 seconds MAXIMUM q dose: 100mcg Total: 300mcg
54
Fentanyl | Pediatric Dose
1. IV/IM 1-2 mcg/kg slow q 10-15 minutes 2. IV 0.25-3mcg/kg q 10 minutes - -Infusion 0.5-2mcg/kg/hr 3. IV 2-3mcg/kg over 30-60 seconds MAXIMUM q dose: 50mcg Total: 200mcg
55
Haloperidol | Action
It is an antipsychotic that depresses the central nervous system
56
Haloperidol | Indications
1. Acute psychotic disorder | 2. Nausea and/or Vomiting
57
Haloperidol | Adult dose
1. IM 2.5-5mg MAXIMUM q dose: 5mg
58
Haloperidol | Contraindications
- CNS depression/Comatose - Prolonged QT interval - Zofran [8mg] administered in the last 24 hours
59
Instant Glucose | Adult Dose
PO: 15 grams
60
Instant Glucose | Pediatric Dose
PO: 0.2 g/kg
61
Ketamine | Action
Produces a catacleptic-like state in which the patient is dissociated from the surrounding environment
62
Ketamine | Indications
1. Agitation/Behavioral Emergencies 2. Pain Mangagement 3. Rapid Sequence Inubation/Awake Intubation 4. Sedation/Post Intubation Management
63
Ketamine | Contraindications
- Cushings Reflex - Ocular trauma - Severe Hypertension
64
Ketamine | Adult ONLY Dose

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