Emergent disorders/trauma care- CH 13

Question 1

What is known as the primary survey in emergent conditions/ disaster response?

Answer 1

A-airway
B-breathing
C-circulation/ consciousness
D-Disability/ central nervous system

Question 2

Airway considerations

Answer 2

If spinal injury known/suspected, CPR = jaw thrust maneuver
Visible airway obstruction are suctioned
Airway adjuncts: nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal airways
endotracheal intubation
circothyroidotomy

Question 3

Breathing considerations

Answer 3

Assess for spontaneous breathing, RR and depth
If not breathing- interventions
Ventilated w/ mouth-face mask or bag-valve-facemask
Endotracheal intubation * ideal for unconscious pt

Question 4

Circulation considerations

Answer 4

Carotid pulse palpated fro quality & rate
Skin- color and temp
External bleeding- pressure/elevation
Large IV (16 or 18) =fluid resuscitation
no pulse = CPR
Pulse= vitals recorded

Question 5

Disability/ central nervous system considerations

Answer 5

Level of consciousness assessed
A, V, P, U
Movement of extremities assessed

Question 6

What is included in the secondary survey?

Answer 6

Rapid head-toe assessment
Laceration/wounds/ foreign bodies
Injuries/deformities
Tenderness/ rigidity
bleeding from orficies
Pupil reaction

Question 7

Injury is classified as…

Answer 7

Penetrating-open

Blunt-closed

Question 8

Surface trauma includes injuries that….

Answer 8

do not break skin (closed)
-contusion, hematoma
skin surface if broke (Open)
-abrasion, laceration, puncture wound, avulsion, amputatuon

Question 9

What is an abrasion?

Answer 9

scraping away of epidermal and dermal layers

Question 10

What is a laceration?

Answer 10

open wounds resulting from sniggering or tearing of tissue

Question 11

What is an amputation?

Answer 11

partial or complete severing of body part

Question 12

What is an avulsion?

Answer 12

full-thickness skin loss

wound edges can not be approximated

Question 13

If a patient has sustained an amputation, what should the nurse do?

Answer 13

apply pressure and elevation
tourniquet used as last resort
Stump is covered: sterile saline moistened gauze, then dry gauze, elastic bandage
Deattached body part: rinsed in Sterile saline, wrapped in gauze, placed onto of ice

Question 14

What causes tetanus?

Answer 14

Bacillus Clostridium tetani eneters open wound

Question 15

What is tension pneumothorax?

Answer 15

Air trapped in pleural space during exhalation

fatal

Question 16

A trachea shift is presented in what chest trauma?

Answer 16

tension pneumothorax

Question 17

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 17

blood accumulates in pericardial sac
increases pressure around heart
prevents from filling effectively

Question 18

S&S of cardiac tamponade

Answer 18

hypotension
tachycardia
neck vein distention

Question 19

Who has the highest mortality rate for major burns?

Answer 19

infants younger then 2

elderly >60

Question 20

A burn can be described as either….

Answer 20

partial thickness or

full thickness burns

Question 21

Burn depth of a partial thickness burn

Answer 21

Superficial (epidermis)

Deep (epidermis & dermis tissue)

Question 22

Burn depth of a full thickness burn

Answer 22

All skin and subcutaneous tissue

Question 23

What is the first priority for a burn victim with soot around mouth and nose?

Answer 23

Airway**

Smoke inhalation = EDEMA

Question 24

What is the difference between frost bite and frost nip?

Answer 24

Frost nip- extremities cold/ not frozen

Frost bite- extremities frozen

Question 25

Nursing considerations for the pt with frost bite

Answer 25

protect/never rub covered with dry sterile dressing not weight bearing elevate

Question 26

What is used to passively rewarm a hypothermic pt?

Answer 26

Room temp Wrap in blankets Warm towel to head

Question 27

What is used to actively rewarm a hypothermic pt?

Answer 27

Heating (Carbon fiber) blanket radiant heat light Warm: humidified O2 IV fluids

Question 28

What will a hypothermic pt with a temp below 91.4 show?

Answer 28

Cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 29

What will a hypothermic pt with a temp below 89.6 show?

Answer 29

Dec. LOC | NOT ALERT

Question 30

What are signs and symptoms of Early hyperthermia?

Answer 30

``` Core temp 100.4-102.2 Diaphoresis Cool Clammy Skin Dizziness Pulse > 100 ```

Question 31

What are signs and symptoms of Later Hyperthermia?

Answer 31

``` Inc. body temp 106 hot, dry flushed skin Altered mental status Coma/seizures Hypotension ```

Question 32

What is the difference between heat stoke and heat exhaustion?

Answer 32

Heat exhaustion pt still has ability to sweat

Question 33

What spider has a more serious venom and bite, black widow or Brown recluse?

Answer 33

Brown Recluse | *Large ulcer can form

Question 34

What is near drowning?

Answer 34

submersion with at least temporary survival Hypoxia, Metabolic acidosis Dry drowning- cold water : likely to survive

Question 35

S&S of a near-drowned pt

Answer 35

``` dyspnea blue/gray skin apnea/tachypnea Slow HR Dilated pupils Hypothermia ```

Question 36

Smallpox is caused by the ________ virus.

Answer 36

variola