Emerging Pathogens

Question 1

Bacteriostatic:

Answer 1

Slows the growth of bacteria

Question 2

Bactericidal:

Answer 2

kills the targeted organism

Question 3

Antibiotics work by:

Answer 3

inhibiting specific processes that are essential for bacterium to grow.

Question 4

Intrinsic Resistance:

Answer 4

Maybelline Bacteria, some meds will not touch it because of their makeup

Question 5

Acquired Resistance:

Answer 5

Results from change in genetic composition that makes a previously effective drug ineffective.

Question 6

Community Acquired Infections:

Answer 6

• Pneumococcal Pneumonia (penicillin resistant)
• Tick borne (Lyme Disease)
• Mosquitos (West Nile, Viral Encephalitis)
• Increasing Hep C

Question 7

Nasocomial Infections %:

Answer 7

5% of hospitalized a year develop nasocomial infections which many of are preventable.

Question 8

Staphylococcus Aureus Gram?

Answer 8

Positive

Question 9

Staph Aureus found on:

Answer 9

skin, wounds, nose, axillae, and perineum

Question 10

Staph Aureus can cause major issues in:

Answer 10

large wounds, or in resp system

Question 11

Staph Aureus common in:

Answer 11

Nursing Homes

Question 12

Staph Aureus Hospitalized each year:

Answer 12

80,000

Question 13

VRE is gram:

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

What is VRE?

Answer 14

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Question 15

Where is VRE found?

Answer 15

bowel, female genital tract, environment

Question 16

VRE Transmission:

Answer 16

fecal-oral

Question 17

VRE Resultants:

Answer 17

110,000 UTIs
25,000 Bacteremias
4,000 wound infections
1,100 cases of endocarditis/ yr

Question 18

Clostridium Difficile gram?

Answer 18

Spore forming Positive Rod

Question 19

C Diff: environment survival

Answer 19

up to 70 days

Question 20

C Diff: Room cleaned with

Answer 20

bleach

Question 21

C diff: not responsive to:

Answer 21

hand sanitizers

Question 22

Cytomegalovirus (CMV): transmission

Answer 22

body fluids (all)

Question 23

CMV: Once infected, virus remains in the body _____.

Answer 23

for life

Question 24

CMV: especially dangerous to

Answer 24

Pregnant women & immunocompromised

Question 25

CMV: related to viruses that cause

Answer 25

chicken pox, herpes simplex, and mononucleosis

Question 26

CMV Symptoms relate to:

Answer 26

Mononucleosis

Question 27

CMV Complications:

Answer 27

intestinal tract, liver, nervous system, & lungs.

Question 28

Re-emerging pathogens:

Answer 28

``` Ebola (EVD) Measles Pertussis Mumps Diphtheria Rubella ```

Question 29

Ebola was formerly known as:

Answer 29

Hemorrhagic fever

Question 30

EVD: fatality rate

Answer 30

90%

Question 31

Ebola S/S:

Answer 31

``` Fever Severe HA Muscle Pain Weakness Fatigue Diarrhea Vomiting Abd Pain Unexplained Hemorrhage ```

Question 32

Measles: Declared Elim in US:

Answer 32

2000

Question 33

Current Measles outbreak associated with:

Answer 33

Travel

Question 34

Measles S/S:

Answer 34

``` High Fever Cough Runny Nose Red, Watery eyes 2-3 days later white patches in mouth 3-5 days after rash outbreak ```

Question 35

Measles Complications:

Answer 35

Ear Infections Diarrhea Pneumonia Encephalitis (convulsions, deafness, developmental disorders) 1-2/1,000 die Pregnant Women: premature birth, low birth weight

Question 36

Measles Precautions:

Answer 36

Airborne

Question 37

Vaccine for Measles

Answer 37

MMR 2 doses, 1st between 6 mos - 1 year