emilys pharm final review sheet Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are first-line treatments for muscle spasms?
Immobilization, cold compress, whirlpool baths, physical therapy.
Which medication is used for malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene.
What are key side effects of baclofen and Valium?
CNS depression, hepatotoxicity, and fall risk in the elderly.
How does lactulose work in hepatic encephalopathy?
Reduces ammonia levels, preventing neurotoxicity.
Why should antacids be taken 2 hours apart from other medications?
To avoid interference with absorption of other drugs.
What is the mechanism of sucralfate?
Forms a protective ‘slushie’ to coat the stomach mucosa.
How is H. pylori treated?
Triple therapy (2 antibiotics + PPI).
ACE inhibitors cause which key side effects?
Angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia.
Why avoid beta-blockers in pulmonary disease?
They can cause bronchoconstriction.
What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?
Digibind (digoxin immune fab).
Which drug treats Prinzmetal’s angina?
Calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem).
What is the peak time for regular insulin?
2–4 hours.
What is a life-threatening side effect of metformin?
Lactic acidosis.
How is hypocalcemia clinically identified?
Positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs.
How should bisphosphonates be administered?
On an empty stomach, sit upright for 30 mins, no food/meds for 2 hours.
Which drug treats Parkinson’s psychosis without EPS?
Nuplazid (pimavanserin).
What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil.
What monitoring is required for Clozaril?
Weekly WBC counts (risk of agranulocytosis).
What is the first-line treatment for ALS?
Rilutek (riluzole), delays ventilator dependence.
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate.
Name three dose-limiting effects of chemotherapy.
Bone marrow suppression, mucositis, neurotoxicity.
What precautions are needed for neutropenic patients?
No fresh flowers, avoid crowds, strict hand hygiene.
What drug is given for SVT?
Adenosine (causes transient asystole).
How is asystole managed?
CPR + IV epinephrine.
