Emotion

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

The why of behaviour?

Question 2

What are emotions regarded as?

Answer 2

Pleasant and unpleasant outcomes of satisfying or not satisfying motives

Question 3

What is the overarching thinking of emotions?

Answer 3

There is none- only little theories

Question 4

How long do facial expression last for?

Answer 4

1-5 seconds

Question 5

How long do autonomic responses last for?

Answer 5

A few minutes

Question 6

How long do recalled emotional events last for?

Answer 6

A few minutes

Question 7

How long do moods last for?

Answer 7

Hours and days

Question 8

Are emotions specific or unspecific?

Answer 8

Specific- You know what causes the emotions i.e. boss making you mad

Question 9

Are moods specific or unspecific?

Answer 9

Unspecific- difficult to pinpoint where it is coming from

Question 10

How do emotions motivate behaviour and help with our goals?

Answer 10

Anger helps us remedy perceived injustice

Fear prompts fight or flight

Question 11

How are emotions social?

Answer 11

They promote adaptive functioning within brief social interactions
e.g. feeling and showing gratitude rewards others for their cooperative actions
Guilt keeps us in check when we threaten social bonds
Anger punishes others who have violated social norms to be cooperative and kind.

Question 12

What are the components of emotions?

Answer 12

Physiological responses- autonomic nervous system
Cognitive processes- Judgements
Expressive Behaviours

Question 13

What s Darwin’s approach to emotions?

Answer 13

The expression of emotions in man and animals

• Apparent enlargement of body size
• Increase the change the animal will survive

Question 14

What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Answer 14

Common sense says that we lose our fortune, are sorry and then we weep. My hypothesis is that we feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble.

Question 15

What is the normal commonsense reaction change?

Answer 15

Perception—> Emotional feeling—> Bodily changes

Question 16

What is James’ reaction chain?

Answer 16

Perception—> Motor Reaction or Viceral Arousal —-> Emotional Arousal

Question 17

What does James Lange say about why people have emotions for no reason?

Answer 17

Peripheral theories emphasize the autonomic system, rather than the CNS in the generation of emotion.

Question 18

What are criticisms of James’ theory of emotion?

Answer 18

Animals with spinal lesions still have emotional reactions even though the peripheral system is damaged

Question 19

What is Cannon’s theory of emotion?

Answer 19

• did not agree with James, said that separation of viscera from the CNS did not affect emotions
• hypothalamus in the brain had a major affect on emotion
• focuses on neurological impact on emotions

Question 20

What is the flowchart for Cannon?

Answer 20

Perception>Hypothalamic> Emotional feeling & Bodily Changes

Question 21

What is Laird’s facial feedback hypothesis?

Answer 21

states that facial movement can influence emotional experience. e.g. an individual who is forced to smile through a social event will actually find the event a more enjoyable experience

Question 22

What did Strack, Martin & Strepper’s experiment on facial feedback hypothesis involve?

Answer 22

Putting a pen in the subject’s mouth - the position of mouth resulted in a smile or frown.

Question 23

What is schacter and singer’s (1962) two- factor theory of emotion?

Answer 23

states that emotion is based on two factors - 1. undifferentiated physiological arousal, 2.construal of the undifferentiated arousal (cognitive label) - when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label this physiological arousal.

Question 24

What is misattribution of arousal?

Answer 24

make a mistake in assuming what is causing them to feel aroused.