Emotional Intelligence

Question 1

What is emotional intelligence

Answer 1

• being able to understand our own and others emotions.
• as well as regulating our own emotions

Question 2

Mayer & Salovey (1990)

Answer 2

• 4 branch model of emotional intelligence
  1, regulate emotions
  2, understanding different emotions
  3, using emotions to facilitate thinking
  4, perceiving emotions accurately in oneself and others

They came up with a emotional intelligence test MSCEIT

• two tasks per each of the 4 branches
• an example is respondents identifying emotions expressed in photographs of peoples faces
• emotional intelligence is a mental ability.

Question 3

Goleman (1995)

Answer 3

• emotional intelligence is formulated in terms of theory of performance
• recognises emotional intelligence can be taught and isn’t always innate
  5 components to emotional intelligence
• self awareness
• self regulation
• self motivation
• empathy
• relationship management

Question 4

BAR-ON (2005)

Answer 4

• influences by Darwins work, survival and adaption
  5 main components in his mode:
• interpersonal skills
• intrapersonal skills
• adaptability
• stress management
• general mood
  controlling emotions as well as being self motivated and relating to others.

Question 5

The emotional quotient inventory
(Bar-on, 1997)

Answer 5

• self report measure of social and emotional intelligence
• 133 items and 5 point scale
• scores as standardised and converted to EQ score
• mean is 100
• high score = effective emotional and social functioning
• low score = difficulty in managing daily demands

Question 6

Gender differences in emotional intelligence

Answer 6

Golman describes emotionally intelligent males and females differently: male = outgoing, cheerful
female = assertive, positive about self (controversial and not relatable to real life

Mayer and Salovey: Women = women tend to score higher than men across perception, integration, understanding and management

Bar on: no significance found between men and women for overall emotional intelligence

Question 7

What is empathy

Answer 7

• Emotionally feel how others might be feeling
• young children are the least empathetic
• Empathy underpins other psychological abilities and behaviours
• Empathy helps to engage in moral reasoning and know when to performa pro social behaviours
• Also fundamental for development

Question 8

Social perspective of empathy
(Riva & Andrighetto)

Answer 8

• Empathise physical pain equally with everyone
• But, rate social pain as being more painful for victims who are similar to us.

Question 9

Cognitive perspective of empathy
(Bluck et al, 2012)

Answer 9

• when participants shared their own autobiographic memories of being in pain they had higher levels of empathy in the second of empathy towards both the young and elderly targets

Question 10

Biological perspective of empathy
(Jackson et al, 2005)

Answer 10

• Watching others experience painful experiences can activate a region of the brain with personal pain

Question 11

Developmental perspective of empathy
(Zahn-Waxler et al, 1992)

Answer 11

• Children’s became more empathetic over second hear of their life, they became more willing to help others.
• They began to stop responding positively such as laughing as they got older

Question 12

What is emotional regulation
Gross 1998

Answer 12

• Suggests that parents can discuss emotional states with their children to help them manage their emotions. Things which could be discussed:

Conscious process - actively and deliberately suppressing emotions
Unconscious process - automatic actions and habit to reduce intensity of emotions
external and internal factors

Question 13

Causes and consequences of problems in emotional regulation

Answer 13

• When children can’t regulate emotions, they find it hard to understand their own emotions they also may lack emotional intelligence
• High levels of emotional availability in child parent relationships are associated with goof emotional regulant skills in infants
• infants with depressed mothers cope with stress differently compared to those without depressed mothers.

Question 14

Strategies fore helping emotional regulation

Answer 14

• Working on s specific behaviour, this could be preventing a child having tantrums
• Trying to help a child understand their own emotions
• Talking strategies between parent and child to help them manage their emotions

Question 15

Emotional Intelligence in the work place

Answer 15

• people with higher emotional intelligence are more successful in their careers, they are better at taking on opinions of others (Cooper, 1997)
  -Barret et al 2002, found that many studies which state emotional intelligence is linked with career success haven’t been peer reviewed and are collected by consulting companies

Question 16

Emotional intelligence and creativity

Answer 16

• Emotionally intelligent employees are likely to display high levels of generosity, these acts of generosity foster creative behaviours (Carmeli et al, 2013)

Question 17

Emotional intelligence and education

Answer 17

• Petrides, Fredrickson & Furnham (2004), emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between IQ and academic performance
• better emotional intelligence facilitates academic performance

Question 18

Emotional Intelligence and Wellbeing

Answer 18

• EI is associated with resilience and positive self evaluation (DI Fabio and Kenny, 2012)
• A protective factor against suicidal ideation is in adolescents is emotional intelligence (Bonet et al 2020)

Question 19

Criticisms of Emotional intelligence
Salovey and Mayor (1990)

Answer 19

• it doesn’t require any intelligence, it is just about how we focus our attention
• you can’t assign skills and habits as intelligence

Question 20

Criticisms of emotional intelligence models

Answer 20

• models are really complex (bar on, 5 different domains and 15 aspects)
• Goleman model uses broad skills
• Eyesenck says that models combine personality and emotion and this is problematic
• although, models do allow us to see behaviours come together to define high performance

Question 21

Use of EI assessment in the work place

Answer 21

• Emotional intelligence models were created by Americans
• It has been found that Germans have differences to Americans (Sharma et al, 2009)
• Uk residents scored higher on EI than Hong Kong residents
• Karmin et al, MSCEIT factor structures fairly similar across Pakistani and fresh students