emotional intelligence

Question 1

four branch ability model

Answer 1

salovey and mayer
1990
“ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to facilitate thought, understand emotions, and regulate emotions to promote personal growth”

Emotional intelligence includes:
perceiving emotion (to recognise emotions), using emotions to facilitate thinking, understanding emotion (sensitive to slight variations between emotions and describe how emotions evolve over time etc), managing emotions - CATEGORISED into experiential (relating to experience ie perceiving and using emotions) OR strategic (relating to plans of action, goals ie understanding and managing)

strategic abilities are more sophisticated than experiential

Question 2

measures of emotional intelligence

Answer 2

ability to identify emotion

ability to use emotions (rating to what extent a number of moods might be helpful in diff situations)

ability to understand emotions (ppts learn about the situation someone is in and asked to identify what emotions this person feels)

ability to manage emotions (asked to imagine particular situations and assess effectiveness of actions for recovering positive states)

Question 4

hierarchical model

Answer 4

Daniel Goleman (Emotional Competences model) - links EI to amygdala (in medial temporal lobe and part of limbic system)

limbic system = emotional centre of brain for various emotions

EI is ability to develop, control and use basic emotional responses to emotions produced in limbic system

in an unemotionally intelligent person, Goleman suggests brain is “hijacked” by amygdala so overwhelming emotional response

“fight or flight” response underlies this

HIERARCHICAL MODEL:
bottom = self-awareness of emotions and recognise impact on behaviour
then = self-management
after = emotion related to drive for achievement and success (this is no longer included in hierarchy though)
further = social awareness, sensing and reacting to others’ emotions whilst understanding social networks
finally = relationship management, inspire/develop others, manage conflicts and have good interpersonal relationships

personal competencies = awareness and management, rest are social competencies

emotional intelligence measured by Emotional Competence Inventory

Question 5

Evolutionary model

Answer 5

Bar-On - thought emotions are useful for dealing adaptively with situations (Darwin line of thought)

EI includes:
intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (others), adaptability, stress-management (manage change and solve problems), general mood (generate positive effect and self-motivate)

emotional quotient inventory yields an EQ on each dimension

is improved through training, programming, therapy

Question 6

sex differences in EI

Answer 6

Mayer and Salovey = women score higher for all four aspects (effect size up to 0.3)

Bar-On = smaller differences overall - women higher on aspects of interpersonal skills (effect size for empathy is 0.45) and more self-aware BUT men cope better with stress and more optimistic and solve problems better (max effect size is 0.16)

Question 7

evaluation of EQ

Answer 7

MacCann et al = meta-analysis - EQ predicts academic performance r=0.12-0.19 - EQ predicts this more than IQ and the big five - ALSO found IQ and conscientiousness were better predictors in isolation than EQ

EQ predicts good mental health and workplace adjustment to a modest degree

more EI can more easily manipulate - “machiavellianism”