EMOTIONS

Question 1

Explain emotions

Answer 1

they are multidimensional - hard to define

Question 2

What are dimensions of emotions

Answer 2

Subjective feeling states- sad, angry
Biological reactions- energy
Agents of purpose that generate action- protest
Social expressive phenomena- facial, postural signs

Question 3

What are components of emotion

Answer 3

• subj experience of emotion- happy
• physiological changes -involve ANS & endocrine system - have lil control over , butterflies, sweating
• associated behaviour- under vol control- smile, cry

Question 4

What is the common sense theory of emotion

Answer 4

event-> subj emotional expereince-> bodily&/behaviour change
e.g. meet bear, scared, so run

Question 5

What is James Lange theory

Answer 5

event-> bodily/behav change -> subj emotional exp

e.g meet bear, run, scared coz we run

Question 6

Criticisms of James Lange

Answer 6

+ overt behav = subj feeling - people rate themselves happier when smiling

• attaches more importance to skeletal not visceral changes - does smiling = physiological changes , stimulated expression can alter ANS thru studies
• for body to know how to respond must be interpreted - run first to see bear as scary

Question 7

What’s Cannon Bard theory

Answer 7

people with S.C injury show range emotions even w/ no sympathetic functioning & v. limited muscular movement
so subj emotion independent of physiological changes involved
as we feel emotions rapidly yet visceral slow to react, how can physiological changes be source of sudden emotions
claims ANS responds in same way to all emotional stimuli- so must be more to emotional experience than physiological arousal or how could we tell one emotional state from another

Question 8

Schacter’s cognitive labelling theory

Answer 8

He said J.L wrong - to say physiological changes cause emotions. canon wrong - to say bodily changes & emotional exp independent
He shared JL belief that physiological changes precede emotional exp but says we have to decided what emotion were feeling
physiological aorusal necessary for experience of emotion but need to interpret arousal

Question 9

cognitive labels

Answer 9

if we experience state of physiological arousal for which we have appropriate explanation - we label state accordingly
if not we state this in terms of cognition available

Question 10

cognitive reappraisal

Answer 10

attempt to dec emotional response by changing situation meaning - more effective to regulate emotion

Question 11

supression

Answer 11

someone tries to dec display of emotions - can lead to further activity of sympathetic NS - can inc cog errors

Question 12

misattribution effect

Answer 12

ppl can mistake how they attribute their arousal. mislabelling of feelings & drawing mistaken conclusions of causes of feelings is MA

Question 13

Emotional regulation

Answer 13

influencing how we experience/express emotions

can inc/dec/maintain experimental, behavioural, physiological aspects of emotion

Question 14

Basic emotions- Fear, anger, joy, sadness

Answer 14

these evolved for their adaptive value in helping us survive
occur w/ rapid onset w/ autonomic appraisal w/ lil awareness w/ invol changes in expression & physio
are universal & inherant to us,

Question 15

Self- conscious emotions- guilt, shame, pride, embarrasment

Answer 15

events that have implications for self & process of evaluating self worth give rise to these
arise from cog processes revolve around evaluation of self

Question 16

Cognitively complex emotions- envy, hope, compassions, gratitude

Answer 16

vary in diff people, cultures, situations.

don’t give rise to facial expressions universally recognised

Question 17

Purpose of Fear

Answer 17

Situation dangerous, represents threat, motivate person to protect self

Question 18

Purpose of Joy

Answer 18

Means things going well- facilitates willingness to engage in social activities- form social bonds & psychological wellbeing

Question 19

Purpose of Gratitude

Answer 19

Arises after receiving something of value, promotes, builds positive relationships

Question 20

Purpose of Compassion

Answer 20

Involves caring about someone else - functions to reduce another’s suffering

Question 21

Purpose of Pride

Answer 21

pride in achievements, success, boost self esteem, promotes prosocial behaviour

Question 22

Purpose of Guilt

Answer 22

arises when person evaluates their behaviour as faiulure as it caused harm, distress motivates person to make amends