Emotions and Cognition

Question 1

What are cognitions?

Answer 1

Receiving and interpreting information, focusing on specific aspects of the environment.

Question 2

What are the conditions involved in cognitions?

Answer 2

• Encoding * Storing * Receiving information * Evaluating options * Making choices

Question 3

What is perception in the context of cognition?

Answer 3

Retrieving and interpreting information.

Question 4

What does attention refer to in cognitive processes?

Answer 4

Focusing on specific aspects of the environment.

Question 5

What was the main finding of the Coin Size study?

Answer 5

Low-income children overestimated the size of actual currency compared to high-income children.

Question 6

How do emotions affect attention?

Answer 6

Emotions capture attention, and failure to attend to emotional expressions can have negative consequences.

Question 7

What is the emotional Stroop test?

Answer 7

Participants name the color of words rather than read them, taking longer for emotionally charged words.

Question 8

How do high intense emotions affect memory?

Answer 8

They reduce the ability to remember multiple details and can change memory during recall.

Question 9

How does our mental state influence perception?

Answer 9

We perceive stimuli that align with our current emotional state more effectively.

Question 10

What are Lexical Decision Tasks?

Answer 10

Tasks where we perceive words consistent with our emotional state more quickly.

Question 11

What is emotion regulation?

Answer 11

Attempts to influence the intensity, duration, expression, and type of emotion experienced.

Question 12

What are the motives for emotion regulation?

Answer 12

understanding and naming emotions, reducing the frequency of unpleasant emotions, and decreasing emotional suffering.

Question 13

What was the Confrontation Experiment?

Answer 13

Participants prepared for social interaction and chose activities before a confrontation.

Question 14

What is antecedent-focused emotion regulation?

Answer 14

Is when we try to to control our emotions before they begin.

Question 15

What is response-focused emotion regulation?

Answer 15

Influences our emotions while they are ongoing.

Question 16

What are strategies for antecedent-focused emotion regulation?

Answer 16

• Situation selection * Situation modification * Attentional deployment * Cognitive change

Question 17

What are strategies for response-focused emotion regulation?

Answer 17

• Regulate expression * Regulate physiological arousal * Regulate experience * Social sharing of emotions

Question 18

What is cognitive reappraisal?

Answer 18

Changing how you think about an experience, reframing negatives as positives.

Question 19

What is emotional suppression?

Answer 19

Voluntary inhibition of emotional expression.

Question 20

What are the negative consequences of emotional suppression?

Answer 20

It can harm health, social bonds, and feelings of closeness.

Question 21

How do emojis assist in emotional expression?

Answer 21

They help express emotions in text and resolve emotional tensions.

Question 22

What is required for the development of self-conscious emotions?

Answer 22

• Self-concept * Recognition of good and bad qualities in the self * Comparative abilities

Question 23

What distinguishes shame from guilt?

Answer 23

Shame focuses on the self, while guilt focuses on behavior.

Question 24

What is counterfactual thinking?

Answer 24

Mentally undoing an experienced event and imagining another outcome.

Question 25

What does embarrassment communicate?

Answer 25

Appeasement, desire for forgiveness, and reintegration into the group.

Question 26

What were the findings of the embarrassment and toilet paper study?

Answer 26

Repairing the situation while expressing embarrassment led to greater likability.

Question 27

What is the difference between pride and hubris?

Answer 27

* Pride: Positive self-assessment * Hubris: Smug satisfaction with oneself

Question 28

What are the types of envy?

Answer 28

* Benign envy * Malicious envy

Question 29

What is the key difference between envy and jealousy?

Answer 29

Envy involves two entities, while jealousy involves three.

Question 30

What did John Bowlby observe about children and parental care?

Answer 30

Children regress in development without consistent parental care.

Question 31

What did Konrad Lorenz contribute to developmental psychology?

Answer 31

Imprinting in animals and the importance of strong attachments.

Question 32

What are critical periods in human development?

Answer 32

Times when exposure to stimuli is crucial for normal development.

Question 33

What did Harry Harlow's research reveal about infants?

Answer 33

Infants prefer warmth and affection over just nourishment.

Question 34

What is the Strange Situation study by Mary Ainsworth?

Answer 34

An assessment of children's attachment styles based on their reactions to caregivers.

Question 35

What are the four attachment styles identified by Ainsworth?

Answer 35

* Secure * Avoidant * Ambivalent * Disorganized

Question 36

How do cultural differences affect attachment styles?

Answer 36

Differences are tied to cultural traits, affecting proportions of attachment styles.

Question 37

What characterizes secure adult attachment?

Answer 37

Happy, friendly, confident, accepts partner's faults.

Question 38

What is the behavior of avoidant adults in relationships?

Answer 38

Fear of intimacy, jealousy, retreat when stressed.

Question 39

What is the behavior of ambivalent adults in relationships?

Answer 39

Obsessed with partner, desire for frequent contact, emotional highs and lows.

Question 40

What does the attachment and regulation study reveal about women's behavior?

Answer 40

Secure women seek support, while avoidant women avoid interactions.

Question 41

What does the attachment and regulation study reveal about men's behavior?

Answer 41

Secure men increase support when stressed, while avoidant men decrease support.