Emotions And Neuroscience Part2

Question 1

What is the brain and what does it do? 10

Answer 1

It is social organ

It is an historical organ

Mediates behaviour and mental life

Maintains an internal equilibrium

Supports external adaptation

Optimal functioning supports mental health

It holds memories

It makes us human

Influences and is influenced by emotions

The brain and nervous system are influenced by all behaviour and experience

Question 2

How is the brain shaped?

Answer 2

Nature and nurture

Through genes (these hold the blueprint of how to build a brain and contain the tools to do so)

Experience (experiences with an environment shape memory and predict outcomes)

Environment relationships and culture impacts have a blueprint is executed

Question 3

What does experience and emotion do for the nervous system?

Answer 3

It activates it

Question 4

What is the basis of the nervous system?

Answer 4

Neurons and nerves

Neurons are individual cells in the nervous system that

• Communicate with each other within the system
• Receive, integrate, and transmit information consistently
• Mainly communicate only with other neurons

Nerves are a bundle of neuron fibres (axons)

Question 5

How many neurons and synapses are in the human brain?

Answer 5

86 billion neurons

100 trillion synapses

Question 6

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 6

The nervous system (Central and peripheral) orchestrate all human development and functioning

Question 7

What is the central nervous system comprised of?

Answer 7

The brain and spinal cord

Question 8

What is the peripheral nervous system comprised of?

Answer 8

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system
– sympathetic
– parasympathetic

Question 9

How much does the average human brain way? (Adult and at birth?)

Answer 9

Adult 1300–1400 g

Beth weighs around 350–400 g

Question 10

What are the functions of the brain? 4

Answer 10

It is a complex organ that allows us to think, move, feel, see, hear, taste and smell

It controls our body, receives information, analyses information, and stores information (memories)

The brain produces electrical signals, which together with chemical reactions, Let’s parts of the body communicate

Nerves send the signals throughout the body

Question 11

What are the three main parts of the brain?

Answer 11

Forebrain (biggest part)

Midbrain (above brainstem)

Hind brain (little bit at the back)

Question 12

What does the forebrain include?

Answer 12

Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Limbic system

Question 13

What does the hind brain include?

Answer 13

Cerebellum
Medulla
Pons

Question 14

What does frontal lobe do?

Answer 14

Executive functioning
Reasoning
Decision-making
Focus of motor behaviour
Attention process

Includes the pre-frontal cortex (language, personality, planning, interest/enthusiasm)

Question 15

What does the Parietal lobe do?

Answer 15

Spatial sense

Critical link from five senses to motor abilities

Question 16

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 16

Auditory processing

Memory

Question 17

What does the occipital load do?

Answer 17

Visual processing

Question 18

What is the forebrain?

Answer 18

Interconnected structures located within an area of the brain responsible for behavioural and emotional responses

Question 19

What is the thalamus?

Answer 19

It releases sensory signals to and from the spinal-cord and cerebrum regulating consciousness

Question 20

What is the limbic system comprised of?

Answer 20

The amygdala and hippocampus

Question 21

What is the amygdala?

Answer 21

Almond shaped
involved with regulation of emotional responses
hormonal secretions in memory

Question 22

What is the hippocampus?

Answer 22

Tiny shape
index as memories
sends and receives memories from long-term memory

Question 23

What is the hypothalamus

Answer 23

The size of a pill
Assist with many functioning
Waking up
Adrenaline release
Managing hormones
Body temperature
And processes linked to heightened emotions

Question 24

What does the limbic system do? (Includes amygdala and it’s deep in the brain)

Answer 24

Associated with attention and responding to emotional stimulus

Assesses threat am I safe

Organise an input from the brain, the body and outside the world including
Pain
Emotional
Motivation
Physiologic regulation
Memory

It is reactive

Does not do complex problem solving

Classically associated with fear but not only this emotion

Question 25

What is the brains information pathway?

Answer 25

Information received by the Sensis goes 1st to the thalamus Information move simultaneously to The amygdala – processes the information quickly * sends signals to the hypothalamus * activates the autonomic nervous system – the pre-frontal cortex of the brain * processes the information more slowly allowing people to appraise or evaluate the event prior to responding * under extreme stress the cortex/front lobe turns off and limit system turns on

Question 26

Left hemisphere does?

Answer 26

Last to develop Linguistic and verbal processing (reading, writing, language and speech) Logical reasoning Literal Looks inward

Question 27

Right hemisphere

Answer 27

Develops earlier Non-verbal processing (visual, special and musical processing) Analogik Autobiographical memory Dominates emotional functioning Looks outward

Question 28

What does the brainstem do?

Answer 28

It’s the relay centre for – brain to body – body to brain – brain to brain ``` Is vital for body functions – heartbeat – breathing – digestion – sleep ```

Question 29

With regarding to window of tolerance what are the two aspects outside of it?

Answer 29

Hyper arousal (anxiety) Hypo arousal (depression)

Question 30

Define arousal

Answer 30

The state of the nervous system describing how alert one feels

Question 31

What is optimal arousal?

Answer 31

Optimal arousal is the area you want to be in the window of tolerance It’s being the arousal level appropriate for the task at hand In window of tolerance the body can access both reason and emotion and is mentally engaged

Question 32

How can you get in an out of hyper arousal

Answer 32

Elevating –Emotionally distressed -Overactive -Unclear thoughts Calming down – mindfulness – grounding – breath work

Question 33

How do you enter and exit hypo arousal

Answer 33

Shutting down - depressed - lethargic - unmotivated - numb Going back to window of tolerance -Use mindfulness -breath work – physical activity

Question 34

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 34

It is made up of nerves that layout side of the brain and spinal cord - nerves are bundles of neurofibres (axons) that are rooted together in the peripheral nervous system This is the part that extends to the periphery or outside of the body It is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 35

What is the somatic nervous system

Answer 35

Lets you feel the world and move around in it Made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors Carries information from receptors in the skin, muscles and joints the central nervous system and carry commands from the central nervous system to the muscles

Question 36

What is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 36

Made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands Controls all automatic functions of the body Made up of two parts – Sympathetic nervous system (prepares the body for action and expend energy) – parasympathetic nervous system (keeps body still and works to keep energy in body)

Question 37

Which branch of the atonomic nervous system kicks into gear when an emotion evoking event happens?

Answer 37

The sympathetic

Question 38

When the sympathetic nervous system kicks into gear what happens

Answer 38

Signals are sent to the adrenal gland which secretes hormones adrenaline noradrenaline Also think things Mitch teaches kids

Question 39

What does adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

Answer 39

Prepare a person to face challenges of an event BP, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood sugar levels all increase to prepare for action People dilate let more lighting for vision The digestive process slows down to energy can be directed to crisis at hand

Question 40

What are mirror neurons?

Answer 40

Neurons are activated by performing an action, seeing another person perform that action or hearing someone perform the action (Example yawn) Play a fundamental role in – acquisition of new motor -The imitation of others (which is crucial to human development, understanding of others and empathy)

Question 41

What is Neuro plasticity?

Answer 41

The ability of the brain to reorganise itself Ability of the brain to form and recognise synaptic connections especially in response to learning or experience following an injury The neural wiring of the brain is flexible and constantly evolving Neural circuits of the brain shows substantial plasticity which helps organisms adapt their environments Studies- Aspects of experience – practice can sculpt features of brain structure Damage to incoming sensory pathways or the destruction of brain tissue can lead to neural reorganisation Adult brain can generate new neurons which is called neurogenesis

Question 42

What is attuned communication?

Answer 42

Way one human focuses on the internal experiences of another Non-verbal: I contact, facials, tone of voice, posture, gestures, timing and intensity of response Relationship involves communication the sharing of energy information both ways

Question 43

What is emotional regulation

Answer 43

Requires balance: avoiding chaos and rigidity

Question 44

What is response flexibility

Answer 44

When you pause before acting on an impulse

Question 45

Insight

Answer 45

Sitting in the present reflecting on the past. knowing how it affects the present and imagining the future