Employment Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the definition of ‘labour force’?
Persons between the ages of 16 and 65 years who are employed or seeking employment.
List some reasons why individuals may be considered unemployable.
- Illness or injury
- Lack the skills
- No desire to work
- Imprisonment
- Pursuing full time education
What defines ‘employment’?
When an individual holds a position and receives a wage or salary for work done.
What are some reasons for seeking employment?
- To provide basic needs
- To save for retirement
- To maintain economic independence
- To maintain or improve one’s standard of living
- To contribute to the development of your country via skills and taxes
What factors influence employment?
- The stage of economic development
- The availability of jobs
- Salaries and working conditions
- Job location
- Economic sectors
Into how many sectors is the labour force organized?
Four sectors: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary.
What does the Primary sector involve?
Extraction of raw materials in industries such as farming, mining, forestry, and fishing.
What do Secondary workers do?
They make use of the raw materials extracted by the primary sector in manufacturing, construction, and processing.
What is the focus of Tertiary workers?
They are involved in the service sector, including tourism, healthcare services, and banking.
What is the Quaternary sector characterized by?
Use of information and technology to improve processes and services in education, information technology, and research and development.
What is ‘unemployment’?
When someone is actively searching for a job but has not found one.
List some causes of unemployment.
Technological Advancements:
Automation and other technological innovations can make certain jobs obsolete, displacing workers.
Lack of Education and Skills:
Individuals who lack the necessary skills or education may find it difficult to secure employment in certain industries.
Lack of Opportunities:
Limited job availability, particularly in certain regions or industries, can contribute to higher unemployment rates.
What are some effects of unemployment on individuals?
- Poor housing conditions and overcrowding
- The development of slums
- Increase in criminal activities such as robbery, drug trafficking, fraud, and kidnappings
What are the types of unemployment?
- Seasonal Unemployment
- Technical Unemployment
- Frictional Unemployment
- Structural Unemployment
- Cyclical Unemployment
What is Seasonal Unemployment?
Particular times during the year when demand for certain workers decreases.
What causes Technical Unemployment?
Increase in mechanisation and automation which reduces the need for human labour.
What is Frictional Unemployment?
Occurs when workers lose or leave their job and are in the process of finding another one.
Define Structural Unemployment.
Occurs when persons are willing to work but lack the skills needed for the vacant positions.
What is Cyclical Unemployment associated with?
An economic downturn resulting in reduced demand for specific goods or services.
What is the definition of self-employment?
Someone who is self employed is the owner of a business who earns a living by working for himself/herself and not as an employee of someone else.
List the advantages of self-employment.
- It allows persons to become independent.
- You can set your own goals and work at your own pace.
- Rules are largely determined by the individual.
- You determine your working hours and vacation time.
What are some disadvantages of self-employment?
- The individual bears all the risks associated with setting up and running the business.
- It requires greater commitment and sacrifice than working for someone else.
- Some may not want to be responsible for the welfare of others who would be employed by them.
Fill in the blank: Self-employment may be encouraged by providing _______.
[skills training opportunities]
What guidance can be provided to promote self-employment?
Guidance on how to establish business ventures based on skills learnt.
