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LS YEAR 4 Paediatrics > EMQ/MCQ/cases books > Flashcards

EMQ/MCQ/cases books Flashcards

1
Q

what is similar to rubella

A 
roseola infantum
6 month to 36 
herpes 6
high fever
rash on neck and trunk then face and extremities
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2
Q

what presents with 3 day fever and rash on fourth day

where does rash present

A

rolsola infatum herpes 6

mostly chest and abdo less on face and extremities

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3
Q

scaphoid abdo and vile stained vbomiting

A

intestinal malrotation

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4
Q

displaced apex beat
reduced air entry
sacpoid abdo

A

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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5
Q

fragile x seen with

A

autism

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6
Q

orofacial cleft

A

smoking
benzo or antiepiletic use
trisomy 13,15,18

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7
Q

androgen insensivitiy

A

groin swelling
no pubic hair
primary ammnorhiea
46xy

with turner no bread development

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8
Q

what smoking increases risk of

A

preterm
still birth
iGUR and miscarriage

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9
Q

med for chicken pox

A

calamine to ease itch

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10
Q

bow leg

A

resolves before 4

common in 3 and under

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11
Q

triad for rubella

A

cataract
deafeaness
cardiac problems

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12
Q

what criteria for meconium for specialist review

A

resp rate 60 breaths
<100 >160 bpm hr
38 degree
95% <

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13
Q

femoral pulses reduce in what

A

coarctation of aorta

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14
Q

most common cause of squint

A

refractive error

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15
Q

when do you stop compressions

A

60 pulse >

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16
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

subdural haemotoma
retinal haemorrhage
encephalitis

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17
Q

what is a webbed neck seen in?

A

Noonan syndrome

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18
Q

small eyes

A

patau

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19
Q

neonatal hypotonia

A

Prada willi

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20
Q

most common acute cause of stridor

A

croup

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21
Q

what is laryngomalacia

A 
most common cause of congenital stirdor
soft laryngeal cartilage 
floppy
abnormal epiglottitis 
resolve within 1 year 
laryngoscopy 
execebated by infections
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22
Q

which vaccine reduced epiglottis risk

A

haeminfluenza b

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23
Q

halo rash with what

A

erythema multiform with pertussis

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24
Q

management of precocious puberty

A

LHRG analogue

25
Q

what is ebstein anomaly

A

lithium in pregnancy
murmur over left sternal edge
cardiomegaly

26
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

group (adolescent)
s localized to the tibial tuberosity.

Typically, pain is:
Unilateral (but may be bilateral in up to 30% of people).
Gradual in onset - initially mild and intermittent

may progress to become severe and continuous.

Relieved by rest and made worse by kneeling and activity, such as running or jumping.

27
Q

first line mangement od nose bleeds in. kids

A

rst-line management would be to prescribe a short course of topical chlorhexidine and neomycin, and discourage the child from picking his nose

28
Q

18 month old rectal bleeding fresh

A

Meckels diverticulum is the number one cause of painless massive GI bleeding requiring a transfusion in children between the ages of 1 and 2 years.

if newborn NEC
>2 varices

if LGT, anal fissures

29
Q

A newborn baby boy presents with gross abdominal distension. He is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and his abdominal x ray shows distended coils of small bowel, but no fluid levels.

A

One in 15,000 newborns will have a distal small bowel obstruction secondary to abnormal bulky and viscid meconium.
Ninety percent of these infants will have cystic fibrosis and the abnormal meconium is the result of deficient intestinal secretions.

first days of life
gross abdominal distension
bilious vomiting.
distended coils of bowel
typical mottled ground glass appearance.
Fluid levels are scarce as the meconium is viscid.

30
Q

bartter syndrome

A

Bartter’s syndrome is an inherited cause (usually autosomal recessive) of severe hypokalaemia

31
Q

trident hand in

A

acondroplasia

32
Q

prescription in whooping cough

A

azothryromycin and PHE notify

33
Q

steochondritis dissecans features

A

pain after exercise

Intermittent swelling and locking

34
Q

ix for Perth disease

A

arly disease can be missed on x-ray. MRI is increasingly replacing bone scans as the second line investigation of choice

35
Q

rash in cephalocaudal fashion

A

measles

36
Q

complication 7-10 years later in measles

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

37
Q

two phases and features of measles

A

prodome _ cough , conjunctiva, crozrya

exanthema - rash, koplik spots

38
Q

worse mumps in who

A

older you are qwhen acquired

39
Q

exclusion for whooping cough

A

no abx - 21 days

abx - 48 hours

40
Q

another name for slapped cheek

A

fifth disease
erythema infectosium
parovirus 19
no need to exlude

41
Q

how long does rash in roseola infaticum last

A

< 3 days usually

42
Q

rash in scarlet fever

A

FIRST day
sand paper rash
can return after 24 hours of anbitiotics

43
Q

scarlet fever cause

A

group a haem

progenies

44
Q

what do u get worse cyanosis with feeds

improves with cry

A

choanal atresia

45
Q

achondroplasia is what type of inheritance

A

autosomal dominant

46
Q

where are these cysts

above clavicle
posterior triangle
aneoechi appearance
transliminuated

A

dermoid
hygroma
brachial
hygroma

47
Q

what is stills disease

A

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

48
Q

in dka fluids

A

10ml/kg

to prevent c.oedema

49
Q

micrognathia

A

small chin

Edward symdrome

50
Q

rock botton feet

A

Edward

patau both

51
Q

location of gastrochesis and omphalocele

A

gastroschisis refers to a defect lateral to the umbilicus whereas omphalocele refers to a defect in the umbilicus itself.

52
Q

who is broncholiits more severe in

A

congenital heart defect kids

down has also been found to

53
Q

what is ipatropium bromide

A

SABA

54
Q

second line for viral wheeae

A

first-line is treatment with short acting beta 2 agonists (e.g. salbutamol) or anticholinergic via a spacer
next step is intermittent leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast), intermittent inhaled corticosteroids, or both

55
Q

constipation paeds

A

NICE guidelines on management

If faecal impaction is present
polyethylene glycol 3350 + electrolytes (Movicol Paediatric Plain) using an escalating dose regimen as the first-line treatment
add a stimulant laxative if Movicol Paediatric Plain does not lead to disimpaction after 2 weeks
substitute a stimulant laxative singly or in combination with an osmotic laxative such as lactulose if Movicol Paediatric Plain is not tolerated
inform families that disimpaction treatment can initially increase symptoms of soiling and abdominal pain

Maintenance therapy
very similar to the above regime, with obvious adjustments to the starting dose, i.e.
first-line: Movicol Paediatric Plain
add a stimulant laxative if no response
substitute a stimulant laxative if Movicol Paediatric Plain is not tolerated. Add another laxative such as lactulose or docusate if stools are hard
continue medication at maintenance dose for several weeks after regular bowel habit is established, then reduce dose gradually

56
Q

what is gastrochesis associated with

A

Gastroschisis is associated with socioeconomic deprivation (maternal age <20, maternal alcohol/tobacco use)
lateral to umbilucus

57
Q

scaphoid abdomen and bilious vomiting

A

volvulus and malrotation

58
Q

malrotation

A

High caecum at the midline
Feature in exomphalos, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intrinsic duodenal atresia
May be complicated by the development of volvulus, an infant with volvulus may have bile stained vomiting
Diagnosis is made by upper GI contrast study and USS
Treatment is by laparotomy, if volvulus is present (or at high risk of occurring then a Ladd’s procedure is performed

59
Q

displaced apex beat gi NEONATE/INFANT

A

diaphragmatic hernia

LS YEAR 4 Paediatrics (24 decks)

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