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Pathology 2017 past paper > EMQs > Flashcards

EMQs Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Blood transfusion - several hours later develops rash all over

A

Allergic reaction

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2
Q

Road traffic accident requiring 6 unit transfusion - Becomes acutely breathless/SOB with a fever and tachycardia

A

Transfusion Related Lung Injury

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Fever
SOB or low sats or bilateral lung infiltrates

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3
Q

Regular transfusions for beta-thalassaemia - presents with malaise and erectile dysfunction

A

Transfusion associated haemosiderosis

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4
Q

Alcoholic has an AAA repair and several days later develops a fever with low Hb and jaundice

A

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction

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5
Q

10 mins after transfusion becomes tachycardic, has transfusion site pain and is hypotensive

A

ABO incompatibility

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6
Q

Sickle cell solubility test comes back positive with some clouding of the tested blood

A

Sickle cell trait

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7
Q

African child, low Hb and normal MCV.

Blood is tested by electrophoresis to confirm diagnosis:
v high HBS and low HbF

A

Sickle cell anaemia

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8
Q

Haemolysis after antimilarials / malaria treatment

A

G6PD - Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency

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9
Q

Spherocytes, polychromasia and reticulocytosis on blood film

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

Tested with osmotic fragility test

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10
Q

Coeliac disease with uncontrolled diet (ie eats gluten) –> macrocytosis

why?

A

folate deficiency

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11
Q

Teenager goes cross country running and gets an erythematous rash with is well controlled by antihistamines

A

Cold urticaria

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12
Q

Man can eat apple pie but if he eats fresh apples and pears he gets inflamed lips

A

Oral allergy syndrome

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13
Q

Allergic reaction during surgery - also gets swollen lips when blowing up balloons

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity latex allergy

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14
Q

Bloated after drinking milk but not IgE mediated

A

Lactose intolerance

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15
Q

A girl with a sore throat is given penicillin and develops a rash. She is found to have EBV

A

Drug reaction

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16
Q

High IgG paraprotein, back pain and loss of sensation in legs

A

Multiple Myeloma

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17
Q

IgM paraprotein and visual disturbances

A

Lymphoplastic lymphoma (Waldenstrom’s macroglobinaemia)

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18
Q

Asymptomatic, low neutrophils, no abnormal cells on film

A

Chronic idiopathic neutropenia

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19
Q

Pancytopenia and immature myeloid cells on blood film with normal WCC

A

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

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20
Q

An overweight individual with diabetes has longstanding bone/back pain. They are found to have paraprotein IgA ~8g/dl, and GFR 55
FBC normal and albumin normal.

A

Monoclonal-gammopathy of unknown significance

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21
Q

Asymptomatic with isolated rise in unconjugated bilirubin

A

Gilberts

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22
Q

22 yo student with two weeks of fever, anorexia and malaise

Raised ALT>raised ALP+GGT

A

Viral hepatits

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23
Q

Woman with colicky abdo pain

Raised GGT+Billirubin>other raised markers

A

post-hepatic disease eg Acute Cholestasis

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24
Q

57 yo man with haematemesis

High ALT+GGT>raised ALP
low albumin

A

Alcohol induced hepatitis

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25
Headaches with an isolated raised ALP
Paget's
26
Most common cause of traveller's diarrhoea
Escherichia Coli
27
Foul smelling diarrhoea and cramping pain 5 days after eating chicken at a BBQ
Campylobacter OR Shigella if bloody diarrhoea
28
food poisoning after rice
Bacillus Cereus
29
Had surgery which required antibiotics, now has profuse watery diarrhoea
Clostridium Difficile
30
Nurse gets diarrhoea after patients have had similar illness on her ward
Norovirus
31
Antibiotic for Listeria Meningitis
Amoxicillin and Gentamycin OR Ampicillin and Gentamycin
32
Treatment for non-Listeria Meningitis
< 3 months - IV cefotaxime and amoxicillin or ampicillin > 3 months - IV ceftriaxone
33
Antibiotic for mild community acquired pneumonia
Amoxicillin
34
Treatment for Group A Strep / Strep throat
Oral Penicillin V OR IV Benzylpenicillin and Metronidazole
35
Cystitis - fully sensitive E. Coli
Trimethoprim | *Cannot be used in pregnancy*
36
MRSA cellulitis treatment
Vancomycin
37
Methicillin sensitive Staph aureus cellulitis treatment
Flucloxacillin
38
Bicarbonate value in pyloric stenosis
HIgh -> metabolic alkalosis
39
Potassium in DKA
HIgh then low following insulin treatment
40
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test | Results seen in Impaired Glucose Tolerance
7.7 < IGT > 11.1 Below 7.7 = normal above 11.1 = suggestive of diabetes
41
Fasting glucose results interpretation
``` <6.1 = normal 6.1-7.0 = Impaired Fasting Glucose >7.0 = suggestive of diabetes ```
42
Oral Glucose tolerance test before: 4.9 after: 10.0
Impaired glucose tolerance 7.7-11.1
43
Teenager presents with several weeks of thirst, increased urination and weight loss
T1DM
44
High Na Low K High Urine osmolality
Conn's syndrome
45
Metabolic acidosis with high K
DKA
46
High sodium High Potassium Plasma osmolality ~ 400 Urine osmolality ~ 600
SIADH OR psychogenic polydipsia if history of excessive drinking with no physiological stimuli
47
Cells which immature form is in the periphery and then when it matures presents antigens to T cells
Dendritic cells
48
Cell inhibited by the presence of MHC1 on cells
Natural Killer cells
49
Increased in parasitic infection
Eosinophils
50
Undergoes positive and negative selection in the thymus
T lymphocytes
51
Cell responsible for the production of pus
neutrophils
52
Cancer associated with Barrett's Oesophagus
Adenocarcinoma
53
Cell changes in the oesophagus due to GORD
Metaplasia
54
Stomach changes in pernicious anaemia
Atrophic gastritis
55
Cancer associated with H. Pylori
MALT lymphomas due to chronic gastritis. t(11:18) | Mucosa Related Lymphoid Tissue
56
Cancer associated with coeliac disease
Lymphoma
57
Most common type of malignancy in the breast
Invasive ductal carcinoma (75%)
58
Which breast cancer is also known as non-specific type
Invasive ductal carcinoma
59
Breast cancer which has a high, medium and low stage
Ductal carcinoma in situ
60
Fibro-epithelial tumour with abundant stromal elements
Phyllodes tumour
61
E-cadherin test results
Positive = invasive ductal carcinoma Negative = Invasive lobular carcinoma
62
If this enzyme is low, leads to hyperiricemia/rise in blood uric acid
HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase) Associated with Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
63
Enzyme which regulates the rate-limiting step in haem biosynthesis
ALA Synthase (d-Aminolevulinate Synthase)
64
Raised in osteomalacia
ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
65
Enzyme raised in mumps
Amylase-S | Amalyse-P is raised in pancreatitis
66
Raised biomarker in Rhabdomyolysis
Creatinine kinase
67
Aches all over, diffuse swelling and joint stiffness.
Rheumatoid arthritis | Anti-CCP Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
68
Dry eyes and parotid swelling
Sjogren's syndrome anti-Ro and anti-La
69
Man with weakness in gym and ptosis
Myesthenia Gravis Anti-acetylcholine receptor
70
what would you measure in exacerbation of SLE
C3 and C4 low in active disease
71
Recurrent infections (chest and ear). No B cells
Bruton's X-linked agammaglobinaemia
72
Abscesses and positive NBT
Myeloperoxidase deficiency Negative NBT = Chronic granulomatous disease
73
Lack of CD4 cells with CD8 and B cells present
Bare lymphocyte syndrome
74
A boy's father has TB. The boy develops a mycobacterium infection following the BCG
IFN-gamma receptor deficiency
75
UTI and acute onset costovertebral pain. Pus cells and blood in urine.
Acute pylonephritis
76
Loin-to-groin pain, haematuria and pain at end of micturation
Renal calculus causing UTI
77
Frank painless haematuria and a palpable mass on one side in adult
Renal cell carcinoma
78
Palpable abdominal mass in a 2 yo
Wilm's tumour
79
A man with AF develops fever, nausea, vomiting and pain in his right loin/flank
Renal infarct
80
Most common cause of maternal throbocytopenia
Gestational thrombocytopenia (70%) other causes: Pre-eclampsia (21%) Maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (3%)
81
Cause of DIC in pregnancy
Placental abruption or Amniotic fluid embolism
82
HELLP syndrome signs
Haemolysis (MAHA) Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets
83
Normally increased in pregnancy
Fibrinogen Creatinine clearance ALP
84
Cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia
<72 hours = placental insufficiency (reduced platelet production) >72 hours = sepsis or necrotising enterocolitis
85
Treatment for herpes simplex virus 1 encephalitis
Acyclovir
86
Treatment of herpes zoster in pregnancy
Acyclovir
87
Antibiotic used to treat Respiratory syncytial virus (bronchiolitis) in a child
Ribavirin
88
Treatment for influenza A
Oseltamivir (can be used in asthmatics) or Zanamivir (cannot be used in asthmatics)
89
Abdo pain radiating to back, collapses and dies
AAA
90
Progressive memory issues and hypertension
multiple cerebral infarcts (vascular dementia)
91
Elderly man with AF develops right flank pain
Renal infarct
92
Man with previous MI now has blood in the pericardium
Ventricular rupture
93
Girl is acting strangely. | LP shows high lymphocytes and raised protein but normal glucose
Viral eg Herpes
94
18 yo with gram negative diplococci causing meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
95
Smoker with gram positive diplococci causing meningitis
Strep pneumonia
96
Gram negative rod causing sepsis in a neonate
<3 months = E. coli >3 months = Haemophilus influenenzae
97
Gram positive rod causing meningitis in a 72 yo
Listeria monocytogenes

Pathology 2017 past paper (3 decks)

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