EMR-NAT Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
ADULT (18 >) Rates
Breath/pulse/systole
A
Breath Pulse Systole
12-20 60-100 120/80
2
Q
Adolescent (13 - 17) Rates
Breath/pulse/systole
A
Breath Pulse. Systole
12 - 20. 55-105 120/80
3
Q
School age (6 - 12) rates
Breath / pulse /rates
A
Breath Pulse. Rate
20-30 70-110 120/80
4
Q
Teenager (4-15) Rates
Breathing / pulse / systole
A
Rates. Pulse. Systole
20-30 70-110 110/80
5
Q
Toddler (1-3) rates
Breath / pulse /systole
A
Breath. Pulse. Systole
20-30 80-110 100/70
6
Q
Infant (<1) rates
A
Breath Pulse Systole
30-40 80-130 80/60
7
Q
Neonate rates (28 days)
A
Breath Pulse Systole
40-60 110-160 80/60
8
Q
Pregnant rates
Breaths/systole
A
Breaths Systole
15+ 140/90
9
Q
Ventilations for ADULTS
A
1 every 5-6 sec
10/12 pm
10
Q
Ventilations for INFANTS
A
1 every 3 to 5 seconds
12/20 pm
11
Q
Ventilations for NEONATES
A
I breath every 2-4 seconds
15/30 pm
12
Q
Ventilations for STOMA
A
1 breath every 4 - 5 seconds
12/15 pm
13
Q
SUCTIONING time for ADULTS
A
15 seconds
14
Q
SUCTIONING for a CHILD
A
10 seconds
15
Q
SUCTIONING for an INFANT
A
5 Seconds
16
Q
Compression rates for ADULTS
A
2 - 2.4 inches
17
Q
Compression for a CHILD
A
2 inches
18
Q
COMPRESSION for an INFANT
A
1.5 inch
19
Q
Steps for SCENE SIZE-UP
A
- BSI/ Scene Safe
2.MOI/NOI - consider spinal Injury - # of patients
- Call 911
20
Q
PRIMARY ASSESSMENT (stabilize)
A
- AVPU, A&Ox……
- Chief Complaint
- ABC —> + Oxygen
- Transport/ Treatment Priority
21
Q
Patient HISTORY
A
- OPQRST
- SAMPLE
3.Baseline Vital Signs
22
Q
SECONDARY ASSESSMENT
A
- HEAD TO Toe (MOI)
2.BP-DOC (NOI)
23
Q
REASSESSMENT
A
24
Q
Airway DIAGRAM
A
From top:
Nose - mouth - Pharynx - Larynx - left /right Bronchus - Bronchiol - Alveoli - Diaphragm
25
What does BPDOC stand for and when is it used?
B - bleeding 🩸
P - Pain 😖
D - Deformities
O - Open Injuries
C - Creptus
26
CREPTUS
Grating sound or sensation produced by friction within bones and Cartilage or the fractured part of the bone 🦴
27
EMS systems
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems
*The CHAIN OF HUMAN RESOURCES and services linked together to provide continuous emergency care at the scene and during TRANSPORT to a medical facility
28
MEDICAL DIRECTOR
A physician who assumes the ULTIMATE responsibility for medical oversight of the patient care aspect of the EMS
29
Scope of Practice
The care that and EMR is ALLOWED and SUPPOSE to provide according to the regulations and Statutes. It’s also known and SCOPE OF CARE
30
PROTOCALS
WRITTEN GUIDELINES that direct the care of EMS personnel provide for patients
31
Standing orders
A component of a protocol that allows the EMS personnel to provide specific interventions to a patient
32
Standard of Care
The care that should be provided for any level of training based on local laws, administrative orders, and guidelines or protocols established by the local EMS systems
33
NEGLIGENCE
Failure to provide an expected standard of care
34
Duty to act
A requirement that an EMR, at-least while on duty, must provide care to a set standard
35
Abandonment
To leave a sick or injured patient before an equal or highly trained personnel can assume responsibility for care
36
HIPAA and it’s definition:
Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act
A law that dictates the extent to which protected health information can be shared
37
Mandated reporter
Any individual required by law to report financial, physical, sexual or any other types or abuse or neglect have been observed or suspected
38
Critical incident
Any situation that causes a rescuer to experience strong emotions that interfere with the ability to function either during the incident or after a highly stressful incident
39
METABOLISM
Conversion of GLUCOSE into energy
40
Tidal volume
The volume of air moved in our breathing cycle, which consist of One inhalation and One exhalation, approximately 500ml in the average adult
41
Stroke volume
The Volume of BLOOD 🩸 ejected from the heart in one contraction
42
Cardiac output
The amount of blood 🩸 ejected from the heart in one minute
43
Direct carry
A carry performed to move patient with NO SUSPECTED spine injury from BED TO A STRETCHER
44
Recovery position
A position in which a patient WITH NO suspected spine injury will be placed, on his left side
45
Log roll
Method used to move a patient from prone position to the supine position
46
Transfer of care
Verbal or physical handing off of care from one health care provider to another
47
What is HYPOXIA
Condition which there is INSUFFICIENT SUPPLY OF OXYGEN in the blood or tissues
48
Respiratory Compromise
A general term used to describe when a patient IS NOT BREATHING ADEQUATELY
49
Respiratory distress
Breathing that becomes different or labored (DYSPNEA)
50
Respiratory failure
Inadequate respiratory rate and volume secondary to poor oxygenation
51
Respiratory arrest
The obscure of breathing. Also known as APNEA
52
DYSPNEA
Difficulty or Labored breathing
53
Rescuer breathing
Providing MANUAL VENTILATIONS for a patient who is not breathing or adequately NOT breathing on his own. Also known as PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
54
What is PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
The act of breathing for a patient who is unable to breath for themselves. It’s also called RESCUE BREATHING OR ARTIFICIAL VENTILATIONS
55
What is a CHAIN OF REACTION and what are the five links:
5 critical component that’s affect the chances of survival from a cardiac arrest
1:Early recognition and ACCESS TO EMS
2:Early CPR
3: Early Defibrillation
4: EARLY Advance Life Support
5:integrated post cardiac arrest care
56
Fibrillation
Disorganized electrical activity within the heart that render the heart unable to pump blood 🩸
57
Ventricular fibrillation
Disorganized electrical activity, causing ineffective contractions of the lower heart chambers (ventricles)
58
Ventricular Tachycardia
Abnormally RAPID contractions of the heart’s ventricles, resulting in poor circulations
59
Asystole
NO electrical activity in the heart. Also called “FLATLINE”
60
Basic life support
Externally supporting the circulation and respiration of a patient in respiratory or cardiac arrest through CPR
61
Mental status
General condition of a persons consciousness and awareness
62
Primary assessment
A quick assessment for the patient’s ABC and bleeding to detect and correct any immediate life threatening problems
63
Secondary assessment
A complete head to toe physical exam, including medical history
64
Reassessment
LAST part of patients assessment that includes REPEATING primary assessment
65
Focused secondary assessment
An examination conducted on a STABLE PATIENT, focusing on a specific injury or medical complain
66
Rapid secondary assessment
A head to toe assessment of the MOST CRITICAL patients
67
Tracheal Deviation
Shifting of the TRACHEA to either side of the midline of the neck caused by build up pressure inside of the chest (TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX)
68
Jugular Vein Distention
An ABNORMAL bodging of the vein on the neck indicating cardiac compromise or possible injury to the chest
69
Angina
Pain on the chest caused by a lack of sufficient blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
70
Heart attack (MI)
A condition that occurs when the blood supply to a portion of the heart is interrupted
71
Heart failure
A condition that develops when the heart is UNABLE TO PUMP BLOOD 🩸 efficiently., causing a back up of blood and other fluids within the circulatory system. It’s also called CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
72
Hypercarbia
ABNORMALLY HIGH level of Oxygen in the blood 🩸
73
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)
General term used to describe a group of lung 🫁 diseases that cause distress and shortness of breath. BRONCHITIS and EMPHYSEMA are examples.
74
Emphysema
Progressive condition of the lung characterized by the distraction of the AVLVEOLI; a form of COPD 🫁
75
Altered mental status
State characterized by disease 🦠 in the patient’s alertness and responsiveness to his surroundings
76
Tonic muscle activity
STIFFENING of the muscle during a GENERALIZED SEIZURE. Most evident in arms and legs
77
Clonic muscle activity
The violent muscle jerking during a generalized seizure. Most evident in arms and legs
78
Generalized seizure
A type of seizure characterized by a loss of consciousness and generalized muscle contractions
79
Partial seizure
A seizure characterized by a TEMPORARY LOSS OF AWARENESS
80
Partial Epilepticus
A life threatening condition that occurs when an individual HAS VERY LONG SEIZURES that occur in quick succession
81
Stroke
Conditions that occur when an area of the brain 🧠 doesn’t receive adequate supply of blood 🩸
82
HYPERglycemia
Abnormally HIGH blood sugar 🎂
83
HYPOglycemia
An ABNORMALLY LOW blood sugar level 📉
84
Heat cramps
Muscle cramps on the Lower limbs and abdomen associated with the LOSS OF FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES while ACTIVE IN A HOT 🥵 ENVIRONMENT
85
Heat EXHAUSTION
Prolonged exposure to heat, which creates MOIST, PALE SKIN that may feel NORMAL OR COOL TO THE TOUCH
86
Heat STROKE
Prolonged exposure to heat, which creates DRY OR MOIST SKIN that may feel WARM or HOT 🥵 TO THE TOUCH
87
Shock
A condition that occurs when there is an inadequate supply of well-oxygenated blood to all the body systems.
It’s also called HYPERFUSION
88
What is HYPOPERFUSION
Failure of the body’s circulatory system to provide an adequate supply of well oxygenated blood and nutrients to all vital organs
89
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage of an artery in the lung 🫁
90
Pericardial Tamponade
A condition that occurs when fluid accumulates in the sack surrounding the heart restricting the hearts ability to expand and contract
91
Decompensated shock
A condition in which the body in no longer able to compensate for a lack of adequate perfusion
92
Spinal motion restriction
The practice of using alternate methods of using spinal immobilization based on mechanism of injury and patient presentation
93
Miscarriage
The spontaneous natural loss of the embryo or fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy
94
Supine Hyposensitive syndrome
An abnormally low blood pressure that results when the mother is supine and the fetus puts pressure on the Vena Cava
95
Preeclampsia
A potentially life threatening condition that affects the mother during the 3rd trimester and is characterized by high blood pressure and fluid retention
96
Eclampsia
A life threatening condition for pregnant women characterized by seizures, coma and eventually death of both the mother and fetus
97
Placenta previa
A condition that results when the placenta grows and develops over the cervix
98
Placenta abruptio
A premature separation of the placenta from the uterus
99
Pediatric assessment triangle
(PAT)
Tool used to form a general impression of a pediatric patient; the element of a PAT are Appearance, Work of breath, and circulation (perfusion)
AWC
100
retractions
The inward movement of the soft tissue between the ribs when a child breaths in
101
Due regards
The appropriate care and concern for the safety of others
102
Incident command system (ICS)
A model tool for the command, controls and coordination of resources at the scene of a large-scale emergency involving multiple agencies. Also known as INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
103
Incident commander
Individual responsible for all aspects of all emergency response
104
START triage system
A system that uses respirations, perfusion and mental status assessment to categorize patients into one of four different categories.
105
What does START stand for:
Simple Triage and Rapid System
106
SALT triage system
Triage system used for determining patient treatment priority during mass casualty incidents.
107
What does SALT stand for:
Sort, assess life saving Interventions and treatment/transportation
108
Emphysema
Progressive condition of the lung characterized by the distraction of the Alveoli; a form of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 🦠 (COPD)
109
Symptoms of Emphysema:
-moderate to severe shortness of breath
-very thin appearance
-barrel chest
-nonproductive cough
-extended exhalation
-pursed-lip breathing
110
Hyperventilation symptoms
-Moderate to severe shortness of breath
-anxiety
-numbness or tingling of fingers, lips or toes
-chest discomfort
111
Altered Mental Status (AMS)
-confusion
-incoherent speech
-drowsiness
-abnormal behavior
-lack of awareness of surrounding
-combativeness
-repetitive questions
-syncope (collapse or fainting)
-unresponsive
112
What is Syncope
Fainting
113
Diabetes
Usually refers to as diabetes mellitus, a disease that prevents individuals from producing enough insulin or from using insulin appropriately
114
Diabetes signs and symptoms
-gradual onset of signs and symptoms over hours or days
-dry mouth and intense thirst
-abnormal pain and vomitus 🤮
-gradual increase in restlessness and confusion
-unresponsive with deep respirations, weak rapid pulse, dry red warm skin, shrunken eyes and fruity smell breath
115
Heart failure
Develops when the heart is unable to pump blood 🩸 efficiently, causing a back up of blood and other fluids within the circulatory system
116
Signs and symptoms for heart failure
-shortness of breath
-chest pain/discomfort
-rapid pulse rate
-edema on the lower extremities
-jugular vein dissension
-pale, moist skin
-AMS due to
Low due perfusion to the brain 🧠
Increased difficulty breathing while lying flat
117
Signs and symptoms of COPD
-history of smoking
-persistent cough
-chronic shortness of breath
-pursed lip breathing
-tripod position
-fatigue
-tightness in the chest
-wheezing
-barrel chest
118
Bronchitis
A condition of the lung characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial airway with mucus formation, a form of COPD
119
Bronchitis sign and symptoms
-Overweight
-MILD TO MODERATE shortness of breath
-pale complexion
-productive cough
-wheezing
120
Asthma
Condition affecting the lungs 🫁, characterized by narrowing of the airway passage and wheezing
121
Asthma signs and symptoms
-Moderate to severe shortness of breath
-wheezing
-anxiety
-nonproductive cough
122
Stress signs and symptoms
-irritation
-inability to concentrate
-difficult sleeping and nightmares
-loss of appetite
-low libido
-anxiety
-indecisiveness
-guilt
-isolation
-loss of interest in work or poor performance 🎭
123
Partial airway obstruction
-increased work of breathing and cyanosis
-suorius
-gurgling
-strider
-wheezing
124
Complete airway obstruction
UNABLE to 🗣️ SPEAK, BREATH OR COUGH 😷
Grabs the neck and open mouth
125
Myocardial Infraction
-pain in chest and upper abdomen
-heartburn sensation
-pain behind the sternum
-vomitus
-general weakness
126
Define shock
Condition that results when there is inadequate supply of well-oxygenated blood to all the systems
127
Define stroke
Conditions that occur when an area of the brain 🧠 doesn’t receive adequate supply of blood 🩸
128
Causes of cerebrovascular stroke area:
1. Cerebrothrombosis (clot)
2. Cerebral hemorrhage (rupture)
129
What are ways for caring for a baby?
1.clearing the airway
2.make sure the baby is breathing
3.perform a quick assessment
4.clamp and tie off umbilical cord
5. Keep the baby warm
130
Neonate vital signs
Breath, pulse and systole
Breath Pulse. Systole
40-60. 120-160 60-80
131
For injury, you will use what account and what does it stand for:
DOTS
DEFORMITIES
OPEN WOUNDS
TENDERNESS
SWELLING
132
How to access a vehicle:
-open the door
-through the window
-pry open the door
-cut through the metal
133
Radiation
Without contact
134
Conduction
With contact
135
Convection
Air replacement surroundings
136
Convection
Air replacement surrounding
137
Evaporation
Perspiration, sweating
138
Respiration
Breathing
139
Temperature loss
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
Respiration
140
Abrasion
Skin, elbows and knees
141
Laceration
-Smooth cuts or incisions
-jagged cuts
142
Punctures
Penetrating trauma 🗡️
143
Avulsions
Tearing off of a large flap of skin 🥞
144
Crash injuries 💥
Body parts pressed between 2 surfaces
145
Hazard respond phrases
1.preparations
2.dispatch
3.en route to scene
4.at scene
5.transfer of care
6.postcall preparation
146
Info need to provide during transfer
-nature and location
-type of material
-identification of products
-name of manufacturer
-type of container
-weather conditions
-estimate portable victims
-other problems at the scene
147
Types of shock
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Hemorrgenic
Anaphylactic
Psychologic
Septic
148
Cardiogenic shock
Pump failure of the heart
149
Neurogenic shock
Damage of the spinal cord
150
Hemorrgenic shock
Loss of blood
151
Anaphylactic shock
Allergic reaction
152
Psychologic shock
Fear, nervous, fast dilation of vessels, faint
153
Septic shock
Body infection
154
CATEGORIES of shock. (4)
Cardiogenic
Distributive
Hypovolemic
Obstructive
155
Cardiogenic
Pump failure of the heart
156
Distributive
Excess dial at ion if vessels
157
Hypovolemic
Low fluid volume
158
Obstructive
Obstruction of the vessels
159
Steps to caring for shock
1. Primary assessment, open airway and adequate breathing
2.control external breathing
3.administer oxygen
4.keep the patient supine
5.reassure the patient and maintain temperature with a blanket
6.continue to monitor and support ABCs
7.DONT give anything by mouth 👄 and prepare for vomit 🤮
8.monitor patients vitals EVERY 5 mins
160
Types of burns
Heat burns 🥵 fire, hot object, steam
Chemical burns 🧪
Electrical burns 💡
Lightening burns ⚡️
Radiation burns ☢️ -nuclear source
Light burns - lazer, UV burns
161
For chemical burns, you should flash water 🚿 for how many mins?
20 mins
162
Position of comfort
-Cardiac compromise
-Respiratory compromise
-Stroke
163
Recovery position
-AMS
-no suspected spinal injury
164
Fowler and semi- Fowler position
-Chest pain
-Nausea
-Difficulty breathing
165
Shock position is used when:
There is no injury
166
Trendelenburg position is used for
-Shocks
-faints
-hemorrhage
167
Administering rescue breaths
With pulse and NO BREATHING, administer 2 rescue breaths and then 10 - 20 breaths/min
Adult 👩 1 breath = 5 to 6 seconds
Infants 👶 = 1 breath every 2 - 3 seconds
168
Ventilation
Endotracheal tube 8-10 —> 1/ 7’ - 6’
Adult/adolescent 10-12—> 1/6’ - 5’
Child/infant 12-20—> 1/5’ - 3’
Neonate 20-30 —-> 1/3’ - 2’
169
How do you Handle Airway obstruction on a RESPONSIVE patient:
-Confirm the obstruction
-Position for Heimlich maneuver
-GIVE 5 abdominal thrusts
170
Dealing with airway obstruction for an UNRESPONSIVE patient:
1.BSI/ scene safe
2.check for response
3.if unresponsive, activate 911
4.begin CPR
5.after each set of 30 compressions, check airway and remove object if visible
6.attempt 2 rescue breaths, if they don’t go, continue CPR with chest compressions
171
When will you administer OXYGEN?
Cardiac arrest
Altered mental status
Abnormal vital signs
Significant MOI
Increased level of distress
Respiratory distress
Heart attack
Shock
Allergic reaction
172
Methods to deliver OXYGEN
BLOW BY method - 15 LPM
NASAL CANULA - 1-6 LPM
Nonrebreather mask 😷 10-15 LPM
173
Administer CPR if
No pulse
No breathing
174
Cardiac compromise assessment
1. ABC
2.activate ALS and 911
3.position of comfort (sitting position)
4.administer oxygen if possible
5. Reassure patients
175
Use AED only if patient is
UNRESPONSIVE
NO CAROTID PULSE
No normal breathing
176
AED helps correct what?
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
177
What is ventricular tachycardia
Conditions where lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) beat very fast
178
Ventricular fibrillation
Life threatening heart rhythm that results in a rapid, inadequate heartbeat
179
Don’t stop _______ even for Endotracheal, stoma (advanced airways)
Compressions
180
Steps for performing CPR
General impression
Check for responsiveness
ABC
Activate 911 and get AED
Begin chest compressions (5 cycles)
*advanced airway (Endotracheal, stoma) don’t stop compressions
181
Respirations for infants and adults
1 breath every 2-3 seconds
1 breath every 6 second
182
General principles for patient assessment
Don’t harm
Neutral status > important
Patients condition may change fast
Always assume spine injury
Monitor vital signs every 5 minutes
It it hurts, look at it
183
Apneic
Stop breathing 😮💨
184
DOTS
Deformities, open injuries, tenderness, swelling
185
Ecchymosis
Discoloring of skin resulting from bleeding 🩸.. typically from underneath
186
Periorbital echymosis
A good indicator that a skull fracture may be possible
187
What causes STRIDOR
High pitch sound caused mostly by a foreign object
188
Internal respiration
The transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the capillary, red blood cells and tissue
189
Hyponatramia
Levels of sodium in blood is too low. Ex. When athlete is lucking electrolytes
190
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
191
ATaxic
A term for a group of disorder that’s affect coordination, balance and speech
192
Orothpnea
Sensation of breathless in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing
193
3 stages of birth
Uterus contracts and relax, pushing down cervix ends with birth, delivery of placenta
194
Full term
38-40 weeks
195
Trimester
3 months or pregnancy
196
Gestation
Process of period of developing inside the womb between conception and birth
197
When you are the first arriving unit, it is important to park the unit ____ feet before the MVA (motor vehicle accident)
50 ft
198
You are responding to an accident with possible hazardous material involvement, hoe should EMS profession approach the area?
From upwind of the incident
199
Caponometry
Non invasive measure if CO2 levels
200
Supine hypo-sensitive syndrome
Gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava when the pregnant woman is supine position, leading to decrease Venus return centrally
201
SLUDGEM
Salivation, lacrimation (tears) urination, defamation,gastroenteritis, emesis and mitosis (pupil constriction)
202
Nitroglycerin
Decreases blood pressure to the heart
203
NFPA Chemical hazard chart
Red-flammability
Yellow- reactivity
Blue-health hazard
White-special considerations
