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MRCS A - Clinical > eMRCS incorrects > Flashcards

eMRCS incorrects Flashcards

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1
Q

Layers divided in a paramedic incision?

A

Anterior rectus sheath, rectus (retracted), posterior rectus sheath, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, peritoneum

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2
Q

Surgical exploration in kids - which incision?

A

Paramedian

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3
Q

Inguinal hernia repair - Litcchenstein or Bassini?

A

Litchenstein has lower recurrence rates

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4
Q

Lanz or gridiron?

A

Lanz has better aesthetic outcomes

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5
Q

What abdominal pathology are you at risk of if you have nephrotic syndrome?

A

SBP - strep pneumo

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6
Q

Colonoscopy = macroscopically normal
Thickened sub-apical layer of collagen
Lymphocyte infiltration

A

Microscopic colitis

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7
Q

Risk haematemesis, single tortuous artery in submucosa on OGD?

A

Dieulafoy lesion

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8
Q

the two hyper echoic liver lesions?

A

Haemangioma

HCC

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9
Q

Halo sign on breast imaging?

A

Breast cyst

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10
Q

When to give chemo in breast cancer?

A

Any grade 3 or axillary disease

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11
Q

Hurthle cells?

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

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12
Q

How to identify parathyroid glands intra-op?

A

IV methylene blue

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13
Q

Which veins system = DVT, which = varicose veins?

A

Varicose veins = superficial

DVT = deep venous system

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14
Q

Median arcuate ligament syndrome?

A

Compression of coeliac artery by median arcuate ligament

= post prandial epigastric pain and bruit

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15
Q

Name of amputation with patellar preservation, femoral condyles excised?

A

Gritti-stokes amputation

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16
Q

Axillary vein thrombosis treatment?

A

Catheter directed TPA

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17
Q

Popliteal fossa entrapment vs adductor canal compression syndrome?

A

Popliteal fossa = popliteal pulse will go when knee fully extended

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18
Q

does kipper trelauney affect long saphenous?

A

no

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19
Q

Which renal cancer is Assx with long term inflammation?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

Onset of haematocele vs hydrocele?

A

Haematocele is days to hours

Hydrocele is longer = days to weeks

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21
Q

Haematocele Mx?

A

Scrotal exploration

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22
Q

Hydrocele management in adults?

A

Scrotal approach, lords or jabouleys

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23
Q

Hydrocele Mx in kids?

A

Inguinal approach, ligate PPV

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24
Q

Angiomyolipata?

A

tuberous sclerosis

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25
Penile fracture Mx?
Immediate penile exploration
26
Importance of HLA matching in renal transplant?
DR > B > A
27
First time renal transplant vessels?
External iliac vein and artery
28
Which Ig for hyperacute graft rejection?
IgG
29
Fall on outstretched hand, tender in proximal forearm and very painful on supination / pronation?
Radial head #
30
Potts fracture?
Bimalleolar ankle fracture, with eversion
31
Holstein lewis?
Fracture of distal third of humerus, with radial nerve entrapment
32
Key features of club foot?
Displacement of cuboid and navicular medially Adducted and inverted calcaneus Wedge shaped calcaneus distally, wedge shaped head of talus Tibio-talar plantar flexion
33
Kid, unilateral cortical disruption on x ray?
Greenstick fracture
34
When to do surgery in paediatric umbilical hernia?
Defer until 3 years old
35
TGA vs VSD?
TGA = cyanotic, VSD = acyanotic
36
What are exomphalmos and diaphragmatic hernia associated with?
Intestinal malrotation
37
Is oesophageal atresia sporadic, or would you see it in multiple pregnancies?
Sporadic
38
Long history of offensive discharge + hearing loss?
Cholesteatoma
39
Perf of pars tensa vs flaccia
Pars flacida perforated in chronic supparative otitis media WITH cholesteatoma WITHOUT cholesteatoma = pars tensa
40
Parotid swelling + pancreatitis ?
Viral parotitis
41
bilateral multi centric thyroid lumps, young gal?
Medullary assx with. MENN
42
Perf of pars flaccid cs tensa?
Chronic supportive otitis media WITHOUT choleastatoma = tensa With cholesteatoma = flaccida
43
Whe to use pregabalin over amitryptilline?
If a patient has orthostatic hypotension, as the is an SE of amitryptilline
44
Prep for colonoscopy? | Pre for flexi-sig
``` olon = stop ferrous 7 dyas, laxatives day before Felxi-sig = phosphate enema 30 mins prior ```
45
Any midline wound, which analgesia?
Epidural, to counter the potential Resp compromise
46
Suture for vascular anastomoses, visceral anastomoses and abdominal wall?
Vascular = polypropylene 5/0 Visceral = PDS 3/0 Abdo wall = 1/2 PDS or nylon
47
What artery can be injured in medial extension of appendicectomy?
Inferior epigastric artery
48
Salt wound anaesthetic agent?
Lignocaine with adrenaline
49
Which bug causes ileitis ?
Yersinia enterocolitica
50
How to display data from lutliple RCTS?
Forest plot
51
Data not normally distributed - which tests?
Chi squared, or fisher if small sample
52
Cohort studies outcome?
Relative risk
53
Relative risk = ?
EER / CER
54
Tissue sampling for thyroid?
FNAC | Although it cannot diagnose follicular
55
Lynch syndrome cancers?
R sided mucous colon Uterus Stomach
56
Breast lump, macroscopically = grey and gelatinous
Mucinous carcinoma
57
dystrophic vs metastatic calcification?
``` dystrophic = normal calcium levels Metastatic = elevated calcium levels ```
58
Annal anal cancers are usually...?
Squamous cell carcinoma
59
x-ray of leg: multiple lytic and lucent lesions with clearly defined borders
Osteoclastoma
60
Haemarthrosis without trauma?
Haemophilia
61
Oxyphil cells in thyroid tumour?
= hurthle cells = follicular
62
Excision margins for squamous cell skin cancer?
<20mm = 4mm margins | >20mm diameter = 6mm
63
Meckels diverticulum blood supply>
Vitelline artery
64
Vaginal lymphatic drainage?
``` Superior = iliac Inferior = superficial inguinal ```
65
Hyperacousia - which nerve and muscle damaged?
Fascial = stapedius
66
Surface marking for femoral artery?
Mid inguinal point = ASIS to pubic symphisis
67
Superficial parotidectomy, which nerve most likely injured?
Greater auricular
68
upper ureter vs lower ureter lymphatics?
uPPer ureter = Para-aortic lOwer ureter = cOmmOn iliacs
69
What needs to be divided to gain access to coeliac axis in gastrectomy?
Lesser omentum
70
Where does the inferior gluteal artery run? | When is it often divided?
Deep surface of gluteus maximus | Posterior approach hip replacement
71
middle ear cell type?
External = stratified squamous Middle = fibrous Inner layer = mucous membrane
72
Lymphatics of the ear?
Lateral superior = superficial parotid Medial superior = deep cervical + mastoid Lower ear = Superficial cervical
73
Where does inferior thyroid artery enter thyroid?
C6
74
Sympathetic fibres for parotid gland originate where?
Otic ganglion
75
Which nerve most at risk when mobilising submandibular gland?
Lingual as it wraps around Wharton's duct
76
Where does the fibrous capsule attach superiorly and inferiorly
``` superior = anatomical neck Inferior = surgical neck. ```

MRCS A - Clinical (4 decks)

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