EMRG 1706 Survival

Question 1

What are some qualities that will help a person survive?

Answer 1

• hopes for the best, prepares for the worst
• able to improvise
• works effectively on own and in group
• decisive
• patient
• adaptable
• has control over fears / can remain calm
• can handle set backs

Question 2

Is it important to have no fear in a survival situation?

Answer 2

No. Often times ‘no fear’ translates to ‘no brains’ in a survival situation. It’s okay to have a healthy respect for and awareness of the seriousness and challenges of a situation.

Question 3

What are key attributes of a person in a survival situation?

Answer 3

Knowledge and experience
Focus
Confidence - in own skills and equipment
Energy budget
Will to live!

Question 4

What does STOP stand for?

Answer 4

STOP
THINK
OBSERVE
PLAN

Question 5

What are some threats to survival?

Answer 5

Pain
Cold/heat
Thirst
Hunger
Fatigue
Boredom and loneliness
Insects
Predatory animals

Question 6

What are four factors that contribute to cold stress?

Answer 6

Cold temperatures
High or cold wind
Dampness
Cold water

Question 7

What is important to know about coldness as it relates to cold stress?

Answer 7

While it’s obvious that cold temperatures (below freezing) and inadequate clothing will put you at risk, it’s important to remember that cold stress can occur at above freezing temperatures when there is rain and/or wind.

Question 8

What are preliminary symptoms of hypothermia?

Answer 8

Shivering
Stumbles, mumbles, fumbles
Slurred speech
Loss of fine motor function

Question 9

Sitting on the snow is an example of which form of heat loss?

Answer 9

Conduction

Question 10

Wind chill is an example of which form of heat loss?

Answer 10

Convection

Question 11

Sweating is an example of which form of heat loss?

Answer 11

Evaporation

Question 12

What is the first thing you should do with an animal bite?

Answer 12

Wash the wound well with soap and water under moderate pressure for at least 15 minutes. Then rinse thoroughly with water.

Question 13

What is the survival pattern?

Answer 13

1. First aid
2. Fire
3. Shelter
4. Signals
5. Water
6. Food

Question 14

Which two elements of the survival pattern are interchangeable depending on the situation?

Answer 14

Fire and Shelter

Question 15

What are the basic elements of lighting a fire?

Answer 15

Spark
Tinder
Fuel
Oxygen

Question 16

What are some examples of tinder that you can use?

Answer 16

Cotton balls 
Paper
Dry grass
Bark and lichen
Pitch wood
Fire starters

Question 17

Where are some places to find dry wood in wet or snowy conditions?

Answer 17

Standing dead trees
Suspended blow down
Under rock overhangs
Root wads
Slash piles
Split wood

Question 18

What is the most important thing to remember when using fire in the wilderness?

Answer 18

Make sure it is completely extinguished before you leave!

Question 19

What should you avoid when choosing the site for your shelter?

Answer 19

Possible falling rocks, landslides or avalanches
Under dead standing trees, or trees with large dead branches
An area that could be flooded
Swampy or tidal terrain
Next to a creek or river with obvious bear activity

Question 20

What type of shelter needs a fire to be warm?

Answer 20

A lean-to

Question 21

What is the benefit of a bed a boughs?

Answer 21

Insulates from cold ground
Makes for a more comfortable bed
Can be burned as a signal in case of aircraft flying over

Question 22

What is the common international distress signal?

Answer 22

Three of a kind - Ex. three fires, three whistle blasts etc.

Question 23

How long can a person survive without air? Water? Food?

Answer 23

3 minutes without air
3 days without water
3 weeks without food

Question 24

What are some methods of disinfecting water?

Answer 24

Boiling - full boil 1 minute
Chemicals - iodine
Water filters - 1 micron or less
Chlorine (bleach)

Question 25

What distance away from a water source should all human waste be?

Answer 25

60m

Question 26

What is the general rule for when lost or awaiting rescue?

Answer 26

To stay put!

Question 27

What is best practice for when travelling in a survival situation?

Answer 27

Clearly mark your trail | Leave a message at your camp or waiting site

Question 28

What are the five requirements that must be met for lengthier travel to take place?

Answer 28

1. know where you are and where you need to go 2. have a means of setting and maintaining direction 3. have the physical stamina 4. have suitable clothing 5. have water, food, fuel and shelter available you only consider this when survival prospects would improve

Question 29

When could you cross a stream with no bridge on a search?

Answer 29

If you have Swiftwater Awareness | When the water is less than knee deep and the risk is rated as low based on RADeMS

Question 30

What factors have to be considered before crossing a stream?

Answer 30

``` Depth Current Channel bottom Downstream hazards Suspended material in water ```

Question 31

What is important to considering when travelling when searching?

Answer 31

Adjust the pace to the slowest person | Utilize a moderate pace and take short rests

Question 32

What do you need to do when travelling through brush?

Answer 32

``` Secure equipment to you Follow a compass bearing - it is easy to get turned around Wear gloves (especially in devils club) Wear eye protection Watch your footing ```

Question 33

What are the signs and symptoms of moderate hypothermia?

Answer 33

Shivering stops Unable to walk or stand Confused are irrational

Question 34

What are talus and scree slopes?

Answer 34

Talus are slopes of rocks that are large enough to step on | Scree slopes are made of small pebbles and rocks

Question 35

What is important to consider when travelling on talus and/or scree slopes?

Answer 35

When travelling as a group, stay close together and avoid dislodging the rocks or causing rock slides. These slopes can provide vegetation free pathways.

Question 36

What is important to consider when using snow as a water source?

Answer 36

Take it from within the snow pack away from trails Add it to water, a little at a time Eating it is not recommended

Question 37

If you are in a dense canopy forest what is the best form of signal?

Answer 37

A fire can still be a good signal, even in a dense canopy. A little smoke is better than no smoke, and the smell of smoke can travel far!

Question 38

When heat moves away from the body what form of heat loss is this?

Answer 38

Radiation

Question 39

What are the 4 forms of heat loss?

Answer 39

Conduction, Radiation, Convection, Evaporation

Question 40

Describe poison plants

Answer 40

work on

Question 41

How do you treat hypothermia?

Answer 41

``` Mild: -move to a warm area -stay active -remove wet clothes, exchange for dry clothes -drink warm sugary drink Moderate (in addition to above): -call ambulance -cover all extremities -place warm objects (hot packs, hot water bottles) on head, chest, armpits, and groin Severe: -call ambulance -be gentle, do not jostle -do not attempt to rewarm ```

Question 42

Tick removal

Answer 42

Step 1: place the straw over the tick at 45 degrees. place string around the straw and slide it down to the skin Step 2: the thread is wrapped around the ticks jaw; a single know is tightened to close around the ticks jaw Step 3: remove the straw and pull gently up on the string; it may take a couple minutes for the tick to release

Question 43

What are best practices for working in bear country?

Answer 43

Make noise while you travel***** Stay aware Cache your food over night