EMS Flashcards 2
(1477 cards)
1
Q
Pneumonia - Mode of Transmission, Incubation
A
Oral and nasal droplets and secretions - several days
2
Q
Tuberculosis (TB) - Mode of Transmission, Incubation
A
Respiratory secretions; airborne or on contaminated objects - 2 to 6 weeks
3
Q
Whooping cough (pertussis)Mode of Transmission, Incubation
A
Respiratory secretions or airborne droplets - 6 to 20 days
4
Q
Ryan White CARE Act
A
Notification when a patient is diagnosed with an infectious disease
5
Q
CISM
A
Critical Incident Stress Management- comprehensive system to prevent and deal with stress
6
Q
MCI
A
Multiple Casualty Incident
7
Q
Pathogens
A
organisms that cause infection such as viruses and bacteria
8
Q
Standard Precautios
A
Strict form of infection control
9
Q
Bariatric
A
patients who are significantly overweight or obese
10
Q
body mechanics
A
proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and prevent injury
11
Q
direct carry
A
transferring a patient from bed to stretcher in which rescuers curl the patient to their chests and reverse to the stretcher (bridal carry)
12
Q
direct ground lift
A
lifting and carrying from ground level to a stretcher; two or more kneel; curl the patient to their chests; stand; then reverse to stretcher
13
Q
draw-sheet method
A
transfering from bed to stretcher by grabbing loosened bottom sheet
14
Q
extremeity lift
A
slip hands under patient’s armpits and grasps the wrists while second grasps the knees
15
Q
power grip
A
using as much hand surface as possible at least 10 inches apart
16
Q
power lift
A
lift from squatting position with weight close to body
17
Q
abandonment
A
leaving a patient after care has been initiated but before transferred to a medical authority
18
Q
advance directive
A
A DNR order; written
19
Q
assault
A
in fear of bodily harm
20
Q
battery
A
causing bodily harm
21
Q
confidentiality
A
obligation not to reveal information except to health care professionals involved in the patient’s care or under subpoena; court; or patient release signed
22
Q
consent
A
permission from patient for care
23
Q
DNR
A
legal document usually signed by patient and physician
24
Q
Duty to act
A
obligation to provide care to a patient
25
expressed consent
given by patients of legal age and mentally competent
26
Good Samaritan laws
limited legal protections for citizens and some health care providers
27
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portablility And Accountability Act
28
Implied Consent
presumed a patient or patient's guardian would give if they could
29
In Loco Parentis
in place of the parents; indicates someone who has authority to give parental permissions
30
libel
false or injurious information in written form
31
negligence
finding of failure to act properly in which there was a duty to act; as would be resonably expected
32
res ipsa loquitur
the thing speaks for itself
33
safe haven law
permits a person to drop off an infant or child at a police; fire; or EMS station or any public safety personnel
34
scope of practice
define the scope; or extent of limits of the EMS's job
35
slander
false or injurious information stated verbally
36
standard of care
care that could resonably be expected
37
tort
civil offense
38
Divisions of the spine
Cervical (7); thoracic (12); Lumbar (5); sacral (5); coccyx (4)
39
Atypically
Unusually
40
Pale and sweaty a result of
constricted blood vessels
41
abdominal quadrants
right and left; upper and lower
42
acetabulum
pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
43
acromioclavicular joint
where the acromion and clavicle meet
44
acromion process
highest portion of the shoulder
45
alveoli
microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream
46
anatomical position
standard reference positionf for the body the body is standing erect; facing the observer; with arms down at the sides and palms forward
47
anatomy
study of body structure
48
anterior
front of the body or body part
49
aorta
largest artery in the body transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
50
appendix
small tube located near the juntion of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
51
arteriole
smallest kind of artery
52
artery
vessel carrying blood away from the heart
53
atria
two upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body. The left atria receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
54
automaticity
the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impluses on its own
55
autonomic nervous system
division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function
56
bilateral
on both sides
57
bladder
organ of the renal system
58
blood pressure
blood exerting force diastolic blood pressure - pressure at rest while left ventricle is refilling - systolic pressure - pressure when left ventricle contracts
59
brachial artery
upper arm
60
bronchi
two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs right and left bronchi; bronchus singular
61
calcaneus
the heel bone
62
capillary
blood vessel where o2/co2 and nutrient/waste exchange occurs
63
cardiac conduction system
specialized muscle tissues the conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
64
cardiac muscle
specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
65
cardiovasuclar system
system made up of the heart and the blood vessels also called the circulatory system
66
carotid arteries
large neck arteries; one on each side carry blood from the heart to the head
67
carpals
wrist bones
68
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
69
central pulses
carotid and femoral pulses in the central part of the body
70
clavicle
collarbone
71
combining form
word root with an added vowel joined with other words; root or suffix to form new word
72
compound
word formed from two or more
73
coronary arteries
blood vessels that supple the muscle of the heart
74
cranium
top; back; and sides of the skull
75
cricoid cartilage
ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
76
dermis
inner (second) layer of skin; rich in blood vessels and nerves; found beneath the epidermis
77
diaphragm
muscle that devides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity Major muscle of respiration
78
distal
farther away from the torso; oposite proximal
79
dorsal
back of the body or hand or foot; same as posterior
80
dorsalis pedis artery
artery supplying the foot; lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
81
endocrine system
glands that produce hormones that regulate body activities and functions
82
epidermis
outer layer of skin
83
epiglottis
leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
84
epinephrine
hormone produced by the body that dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
85
exhalation
a passive process in which intercostal(rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax; causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs
86
femoral artery
major artery supplying the leg
87
femur
large bone of the thigh
88
fibula
the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
89
fowler position
sitting
90
gallbladder
sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
91
humerus
bone of the upper arm; between the shoulder and the elbow
92
hypoperfusion
inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues fo the body casued by insuffiient flow of blood thru the capillaries; also called shock
93
illium
superior and widest portion of the pelvis
94
inferior
away from the head; (beneath) the lips are inferior to the nose - opposite is superior
95
inhalation
active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract; expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
96
insulin
hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by diabetics
97
involuntary muscle
responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be conciously controlled
98
ischium
lower posterior portion of the pelvis
99
joint
two bones come together
100
kidneys
renal system filter blood and regulate fluid levels
101
large intestine
muscular tube removes water from waste received from small intestine and moves everything not absorbed by the body toward exrcretion
102
larynx
voice box
103
lateral
to the side; away from the midline of the body - opposite is medial
104
ligament
bone to bone connection tissue
105
liver
largest organ; produces bile to assist breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
106
lungs
organ where exchange of atmospheric o2 and waste co2 take place
107
malleolus
protrusion on the side of the ankle lateral malleolus; at the lower end of the fibula is seen on the outer ankle; the medial malleolus at the lower end of the tibia; is seen on the inner ankle
108
mandible
lower jaw bone
109
manubrium
superior portion fo the sternum
110
maxillae
two fused bones forming the upper jaw
111
medial
toward the midline of the body - opposite is lateral
112
metatarsals
foot bones
113
metacarpals
hand bones
114
mid-axillary
line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
115
mid-clavicular
line through the center of the clavicle
116
midline
drawn down center of the body; dividing right and left
117
muscle
tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part
118
musculoskeletal system
bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
119
nasal bones
nose
120
nasopharynx
area directly posterior to the nose
121
nervous system
brain; spinal cord; and nerves that govern sensation; movement; and thought
122
orbits
bony structures around the eyes; eye sockets
123
oropharynx
area directly posterior to the mouth
124
ovaries
egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system
125
palmar
palm of the hand
126
pancreas
gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine
127
patella
kneecap
128
pelvis
supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities
129
perfusion
supply of o2 to and removal of wastes from cells and tissues as a result of flow of blood thru the capillaries
130
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
131
peripheral pulses
radial; brachial; posterior tibial; and dorsalis pedis pulses; which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body.
132
phalages
toe bones and finger bones
133
pharynx
area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. Made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx
134
physiology
study of the body function
135
plantar
sole of the foot
136
plasma
fluid portion of the blood
137
platlets
membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells
138
posterior
back of the body or body part
139
posterior tibial artery
supplying the foot behind the medial ankle
140
prone
lying face down
141
proximal
closer to the body; opposite distal
142
pubis
medial anterior portion of the pelvis
143
pulmonary arteries
vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
144
pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
145
radial artery
lower arm; felt when taking the pulse in the wrist
146
radius
lateral bone of the forarm
147
recovery position
lying on side also called lateral recumbent position
148
red blood cells
components of the bllod that carry oxygento and carbon dioxide away from the cells
149
renal system
regulates fluid balance and filtration of blood; also called urinary system
150
reproductive system
responsible for human reproduction
151
respiration (cellular)
process of moving o2 and co2 between circulating blood and the cells
152
respiratory system
nose; mouth; throat; lungs; and muscles that bring o2 into the body and expels co2
153
scapula
shoulder blade
154
shock
hypoperfusion
155
skeleton
bones of the body
156
skin
tissue between the body and the external environment
157
skull
bony structure of the head
158
small intestine
muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine; divided into duodenum; the jejunum; and the ileum; which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body thru its walls
159
spleen
located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) and acts as a blood filtration system and reservoir by the body for reserves of blood
160
sternum
breastbone
161
stomach
between the esophagus and the small intestine
162
subcutaneous layers
layers of fat and soft tissue found below the dermis
163
superior
toward the head; opposite inferior
164
supine
lying on the back
165
tarsals
ankle bones
166
tendon
muscle to bone
167
testes
male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm
168
thorax
the chest
169
thyroid cartilage
wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the adams apple
170
tibia
medial and larger bone of the lower leg
171
torso
trunk of the body; without the head and extremities
172
trachea
windpipe; structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
173
trendelenburg posisition
patient's feet and legs are higher than the head
174
ulna
medial bone of the forearm
175
ureters
tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
176
urethra
tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis
177
uterus
female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus
178
vagina
female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus
179
valve
structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction
180
vein
blood vessel returning blood to the heart
181
venae cavae
superior vena cava and the inferior vena cavae major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium( vena cava singular)
182
ventricles
two lower chambers of the heart right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs; left ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body
183
venule
smallest kind of vein
184
vertebrae
33 bones of the spinal column
185
voluntary muscle
can be consciously controlled
186
white blood cells
produce substances that help the body fight infection
187
xiphoid process
inferior portion of the sternum
188
zygomatic arches
bones that form the struture of the cheeks
189
aerobic metabolism
cellular process in which o2 is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products
190
cardiac output
amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
191
chemoreceptors
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of o2 and co2
192
dead air space
air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange
193
dehydration
abnormally low amount of water in the body
194
edema
swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
195
electrolyte
substance that when dissolved in water separates into charged particles
196
FiO2
fraction fo inspired o2; the concentration of o2 in the air we breath
197
hydrostatic pressure
pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
198
hypersensitivitiy
exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
199
hypoperfusion
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients also called shock
200
metabolism
the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
201
minute volume
the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
202
patent
open and clear; free from obstruction
203
pathophysiology
the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
204
perfusion
supply of o2 to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
205
plasma oncotic pressure
the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion fo blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
206
shock
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients hypoperfusion
207
stretch receptors
sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
208
stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
209
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood int the system
210
tidal volume
volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
211
V/Q match
ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of o2 and co2
212
moro reflex
infant reaction to startlement by throwing arms out; spreads fingers; then grabs with fingers and arms
213
palmar reflex
when u place your finger in an infant's palm and they grab it
214
adolescence
13 to 18
215
early adulthood
19 to 40
216
infancy
birth to 1
217
late adulthood
60 or older
218
middle adulthood
41 to 60
219
school age
6 to 12
220
preschool age
3 to 5
221
rooting reflex
when you touch a hungary infants cheek and he turns his head toward the side touched
222
scaffolding
building on what one already knows
223
suckling reflex
when u stroke a hungary infants lips he will start suckling
224
temperament
the infants reaction to his environment
225
toddler phase
12 to 36 months
226
trust vs. mistrust
concept developed from an orderly predictable environment versus a disorderly irregular environment
227
bronchoconstriction
contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased restance to air flow
228
nasopharyngeal airway
flexible breathing tube inserted through the patients nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway
229
oropharyngeal airway
curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to maintain an open airway
230
patent airway
airway that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference to the passage of air
231
stridor
a high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the upper airway
232
alveolar ventilation
the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
233
automatice transport ventilator (ATV)
device that provides positive pressure ventilations includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume; is protable; and is easily carried on an ambulance
234
bag-valve mask (BVM)
handheld resuscitation device with a self-refilling bag
235
cellular respiration
exchange of o2 and co2 between cells and circulating blood
236
cricoid pressure
pressure applied to the cricoid ring to minimize air entry into the esophagus during positive pressure ventilation; AKA Sellick maneuver
237
cyanosis
blue or gray color resulting from lack of o2 in the body
238
diffusion
molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
239
flowmeter
valve indicating o2 flow in liters per minute
240
flow-restricted o2 powered ventilation device (FROPVD)
uses o2 under pressure to deliver artificial ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. Has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdelivery of o2 to the patient
241
hypoxia
insufficency of o2 in the body's tissues
242
nasal cannula
device that delivers low concentration of o2 through two prongs that rest in the patients nostrils
243
nonrebreather (NRB) mask
face mask and resevoir bag that delivers high concentrations of o2. The patient's exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed
244
partial rebreather mask
face mask and reservoir o2 bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag so that some exhaled air mixes with the o2 used in some patients to help reserve co2 levels in the blood to stimulate breathing
245
positive pressure ventilation
artificial ventilation
246
pulmonary respiration
exchange of o2 and co2 between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries
247
respiration
diffusion of o2 and co2 between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration) AKA breathing
248
respiratory arrest
breathing stops
249
respiratory distress
increased work of breathing; sensation of shortness of breath
250
respiratory failure
reduction of breathing to the point where o2 intake is not sufficient to support life
251
stoma
permanent surgical opening in the neck through which a patient breathes.
252
tracheostomy mask
device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental o2
253
ventilation
breathing in and out or artificial provision of breaths
254
venturi mask
face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of o2 by mixing o2 with inhaled air
255
blunt-force trauma
injury caused by a blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues
256
danger zone
area around the wreckage of a vehicle collision or other incident within which special safety precautions should be taken
257
index of suspician
awareness that there may be injuries
258
mechanism of injury
force or forces that may have caused injury
259
nature of the illness
what is medically wrong with a patient
260
penetrating trauma
injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissues
261
scene size-up
steps taken when approaching the scene of an emergency call; scene safety; standard precautions; noting the mechanism of injury or nature of illness; determining the number of patients; and deciding what if any additional resources to call fo
262
AVPU
memory aid for classifying a patient's level of responsiveness or mental status. A-alert V-verbal P-painful response U-unresponsive
263
chief complaint
reason EMS was called; in patients own words
264
general impression
bsed on first approaching the patient; patient's environment; chief complaint; appearance
265
interventions
actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems
266
mental status
level of responsiveness
267
primary assessment
first element in a patient's assessment steps taken. Six parts; forming a general impression; assessing mental status; assessing airway; assessing breathing; assessing circulation; and determining the priority of the patient fro treatment and transport to the hospital
268
priority
need for immediate transport versus further assessment and care at the scene
269
auscultation
listening via stethoscope
270
brachial artery
major artery in the arm
271
bradycardia
slow pulse; any pulse rate below 60
272
carotid artery
either side of the neck
273
diastolic pressure
pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling
274
dilate
get larger
275
oxygen saturation (SpO2)
ratio of the amount of o2 present in the blood to the amount that could be carried expressed in percentage
276
palpation
touching or feeling
277
pulse oximeter
electronic device for determining the amount of o2 carried in the blood (o2 saturation or SpO2)
278
pulse quality
rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse
279
pulse rate
number of pulse beats per minute
280
pupil
black center of the eyes
281
radial pulse
pulse felt at the wrist
282
reactivity
reactivity of the pupils to light by changing size
283
respiration
breathing
284
respiratory quality
normal or abnormal (shallow; labored; or noisy) character of breathing
285
respiratory rate
breaths per minute
286
sphygmomanometer
the cuff and guage for blood pressure
287
systolic blood pressure
preasure when heart contracts and forces blood out of the arteries
288
tachycardia
rapid pulse; above 100
289
vital signs
respiration; pulse; skin color; temperature; and condition (plus capillary refill in infants and children); pupils; and bp
290
crepitation
grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together
291
detailed physical exam
assessment fo the head; neck; chest; abdomen; pelvis extremities; and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury. Differs from rapid trauma assessment only in the at it also includes examination of the face; ears; eyes; nose; and mouth during the axamination of the head.
292
distention
stretched; inflated; or larger than normal
293
history of the present illness (HPI)
info gathered regarding symptoms and nature of the patient's current concern
294
jugular vein distention (JVD)
bulging of the neck veins
295
paradoxical motion
movement of a part of the chest in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during respiration
296
past medical history (PMH)
information gathered regarding the patient's health problems in the past
297
priapism
persistent erection from spinal injury or medical problem
298
rapid trauma assessment
rapid assessment of the head; neck; chest; abdomen; pelvis; extremites; and posterior of the body
299
SAMPLE
Past medical history; S-Signs and symptoms; A-Allergies; M-medications; P-pertinent past history; L-last oral intake; E-events leading to injury or illness
300
stoma
permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes
301
tracheostomy
surgical incision held open by a metal or plastic tube
302
trauma patient
patient suffering from one or more physical injuries
303
OPQRST
questions asked to get a description of the present illness. O-onset; P-provokes (what triggered it); Q-quality (can u describe it for me); R-radiation (where is the pain and does it spread and where to); S-severity; Time (when did it start; has it changed)
304
reassessment
used to detect changes; four step - primary assessment; vital signs; physical exam; checking interventions
305
trending
changes in the patient's condition over time
306
differential diagnosis
potential diagnosis compiled early in the assessment
307
EMS/EMT diagnosis
label for a patient's condition based on history; exam; and vitals Less specific than MD diagnosis
308
drop/transfer report
abreviated form of the PCR
309
contraindication
signs or circumstances under which it is not appropriate or harmful
310
enteral
route of medication administration that uses GI tract; such as pill
311
epinephrine
drug that helps to constrict blood vessels and relax passages of the airway.
312
indications
signs or circumstances which it is appropriate to administer a drug
313
nitroglycerin
helps to dilate the coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood
314
oral glucose
form of glucose given by mouth to treat an awake patient; able to swallow; with an altered mental status and history of diabetes
315
parenteral
route of medication administration that does not use the GI tract such as IV
316
pharmacodynamics
study of the effets of medications
317
pharmacology
study of drugs; their sources; their characteristics and their effects
318
untoward effect
effect of a medication in addition to its desired effect that may be potentially harmful
319
bronchoconstriction
constriction or blockage of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs
320
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate difficulty breathing
321
exhalation
expiration
322
expiration
pasive process which intercostal(rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax; causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and force air from the lungs
323
inhalation
inspiration
324
inspiration
an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphram contract; expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
325
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
blanket term for any symptoms related to lack of o2 (ischemia) in the heart muscle. AKA cardiac compromise
326
ischemia
aka heart attack
327
acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
portion of the myocardium dies as a result of o2 starvation
328
agonal breathing
irregular; gasping breaths that precede apnea and death
329
apnea
no breathing
330
aneurysm
dilation or ballooning of a weakened section of the wall of an artery
331
angina pectoris
pain in the chest occurring when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough o2
332
asystole
condition in which the heart has ceased generating electrical impulses
333
bradycardia
heart rate is slow; below 60
334
cardiac compromise
same as acute coronary syndrome
335
cardiovascular system
heart and blood vessels
336
congestive heart failure (CHF)
failure of the heart to pump efficiently; leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs; the body; or both
337
coronary artery disease (CAD)
diseases that affect the arteries of the heart
338
dyspnea
shortness of breath; labored or difficult breathing
339
dysrhythmia
disturbance in heart rate and rhythm
340
edema
swelling resulting from a buildup of fluid in the tissues
341
embolism
blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current
342
nitroglycerin (NTG)
medication that dilates the blood vessels
343
occlusion
blockage as an artery by fatty deposits
344
pedal edema
accumulation fo fluid in the feet or ankles
345
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
346
pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
heart's electrical rhythm remains relatively normal; yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity causing cardiac arrest
347
sudden death
cardiac arrest that occurs within 2 hours of the onset of symptoms May have no prior symptoms
348
tachycardia
when the heart rate is fast; above 100
349
thrombus
clot formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery or vein
350
ventricular fibrillation (VF)
condition in which the heart's electrical impulses are disorganized; preventing the heart muscle from contraacting normally
351
ventricular tachycardia (V tach)
heartbeat is quite rapid; not allowing chambers to fill between beats
352
aura
sensation experienced by a seizure patient right before the seizure; which might be a smell; sound; or general feeling
353
diabetes mellitus
sugar diabetes; condition brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly
354
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
result of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia); characterized by dehydration; altered mental status; and shock
355
epilepsy
medical condition that causes seizures
356
generalized seizure
affects both sides of the brain
357
glucose
form of sugar the body's basic source of energy
358
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
359
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
360
insulin
hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
361
partial seizure
affects only one part or one side of the brain
362
postictal phase
period of time immediately following a tonic-clonic seizure in which the patient goes from full loss of consciousness to full mental status
363
reticular activating system (RAS)
series of neurologic circuits in the brain that control the functions of staying awake; paying attention; and sleeping
364
seizure
sudden change in sensation; behavior; or movement Most severe form os seizure produces violent muscle contractions called convulsions
365
status epilepticus
prolonged seizure or situation when a person suffers two or more convulsive seizures without regaining full consciousness
366
stroke
conditions of altered function caused when an artery in the brain is blocked or ruptured; disrupting the supply of oxygenated blood or causing bleeding into the brain. Formally called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
367
syncope
fainting
368
tonic-clonic seizure
generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups
369
allergen
something that causes an allergic reaction
370
allergic reaction
exaggerated immune response
371
anaphylaxis
severe or life-threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate; causing a drop in blood pressure; and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell; interfering with the airway. AKA anaphylactic shock
372
epinephrine
hormone produced by the body As a medication it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
373
absorbed poisons
poisons taken into the body through unbroken skin
374
activated charcoal
substance that adsorbs many poisons and prevents them from being absorbed by the body
375
antidote
substance that will neutralize the poison or its effects
376
delirium tremens (DTs)
severe reaction that can be part of alcohol withdrawal; characteriszed by sweating; trembling; anxiety; and hallucinations. Severe alcohol withdrawal with the DTs can lead to death if untreated
377
dilution
thinning down or weakening by mixing with something else. Ingested poisons are sometimes diluted by drinking water or milk.
378
downers
depressants; such as barbiturates; that depress the central nervous system which are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind
379
hallucinogens
mind-affecting drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce excitement and distortion of perceptions.
380
narcotics
class of drugs that affect the nervous system and change many normal body activities Their legal use is for the relief of pain. Illicit use is to produce an intense state of relaxation
381
toxin
a poisonous substance secreted by bacteria; plants; or animals
382
uppers
stimulants such as amphetamines that affect the central nervous system to excite the user
383
volatile chemicals
vaporizing compounds such as cleaning fluid; which are breathed inby the abuser to produce a high
384
withdrawal
referring to alcohol or drug withdrawal in which the patients body reacts severely when deprived of the abused substance
385
parietal pain
localized; intense pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum; the lining of the abdominal cavity
386
peritoneum
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covers the organs within it (the visceral peritoneum)
387
referred pain
pain felt in a location other than where the pain originates
388
retroperitoneal space
area posterior to the peritoneum between the peritoneum and the back
389
tearing pain
sharp pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart
390
visceral pain
poorly localized; dull; or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs; or viscera
391
excited delirium
bizarre and/or aggressive behavior; shouting; paranoia; panic; violence toward others; insensitivity to pain; unexpected physical strength; and hyperthermia; usually associated with cocaine or amphetamine use. Also called agitated delirium
392
positional asphyxia
inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body posiion that restricts breathing
393
anemia
lack of a normal number of red blood cells in circulation
394
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catherter to drain fluid out.
395
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
irreversible renal failure to the extent that the kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration and fluid balance to sustain life; survival with ESRD usually requires dialysis
396
peritonitis
bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity
397
renal falure
loss of the kidney's ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluid from the body
398
sickle cell anemia (SCA)
inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells
399
thrill
vibration felt on gently papation such as that which typically occurs withinn an arterial-venous fistula
400
arterial bleeding
bright red; rapid; profuse; pulseing; hard to control
401
capillary bleeding
slow; oozing flow
402
cardiogenic shock
shock; or lack of perfusion; brought on not by blood loss; but by the heart's inadequated pumping action. Result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure
403
decompensated shock
body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident
404
hemorrhage
bleeding; severe
405
hemorrhagic shock
shock resulting from blood loss
406
hemostatic agents
substances applied as powders dressings gauze or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding
407
hypoperfusion
body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
408
hypovolemic shock
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
409
irreversible shock
unable to maintain perfusion to vital organs. Adequate vital signs may return patient dies withing days due to organ failure
410
neurogenic shock
hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal cord injuries) resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled
411
perfusion
supply of o2 to; and removal of wastes from the body's cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
412
pressure dressing
bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage; which applies pressure to help control bleeding
413
shock
inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients; which is a life-threatening condition AKA hypoperfusion
414
tourniquet
device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity
415
venous bleeding
dark red; and steady
416
abrasion
scratch
417
amputation
severing of a body part
418
avulsion
tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue This term also may be used for an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket
419
bandage
used to hold a dressing in place
420
closed wound
internal injury with no open pathway from the outside
421
contusion
bruise
422
crush injury
when force is transmitted from the body's exterior to its internal structures broken bones; muscles; nerves; and tissues damaged; and internal organs ruptured causing internal bleeding
423
dermis
inner layer of the skin; found beneath the epidermis rich in blood vessels and nerves
424
dressing
material used to cover a wound to control bleeding and reduce futher contamination
425
epidermis
outer layer of skin
426
full thickness burn
all layers of the skin burned. Usually charred black or areas that are dry and white (third degree)
427
hematoma
swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel
428
laceration
cut
429
occlusive dressing
forms an airtight seal
430
open wound
skin is interrupted exposing the tissue beneath
431
partial thickness burn
epidermis (first layer) is burned thru and the dermis (second layer) is dmaged reddening; blistering; and a mottled appearance (second degree)
432
pressure dressing
applied tightly to control bleeding
433
puncture wound
open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues penetrating puncture wound can be shallow or dep Perforating puncture wound has both an entrance and an exit wound
434
rule of nines
estimating extent of a burn Adult: 9% each for head and neck; 9% upper extremity (4.5 front/back); 9% chest; 9% abdomen; 9% upper back; 9% lower back and buttocks; 9% front of each lower extremity; and 9% back of each lower extremity (remaining 1%genital area) Infant or child: 18 % head 7% each lower extremity front; 7% each lower extremity back 9% each upper extremity(4.5 front/back); 1% genitals; 18 front; 18 back (some say 13.5 for each lower limb to get 100)
435
rule of palm
measuring extent of a burn; size of patients palm equals 1%; use as ruler
436
subcutaneous
layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
437
superficial burn
involves only the epidermis; the outer layer. Characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling ex sunburn (first degree)
438
universal dressing
bulky dressing
439
evisceration
intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen
440
flail chest
fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment
441
paradoxical motion
movement of ribs ina flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity
442
pneumothorax
air in the chest cavity
443
sucking chest wound
open chest wound in which air is sucked into the chest cavity
444
tension pneumothorax
type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping
445
angulated fracture
broken bone segments are at an angle to each other
446
cartilage
tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts such as the ear
447
closed extremity injury
no open wound
448
comminuted fracture
fracture in which the bone is broken in several places
449
compartment syndrome
injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast
450
crepitus
grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together
451
dislocation
disruption or coming apart of a joint
452
extremities
portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles; scapulae; arms; writsts; and hands (upper extremites) and the pelvis; thighs; legs; ankles; and feet (lower extremities)
453
fracture
break
454
greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture
455
joints
places where bones articulate
456
ligaments
connective tissue that connects bone to bone
457
manual traction
applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting
458
muscles
cause movement of body parts and organs
459
open extremity injury
open wound to an extremity
460
sprain
stretching and tearing of ligaments
461
strain
muscle injury from overstretching or overexertion
462
tendons
connect muscle to bone
463
traction splint
constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Primarily for femur
464
air embolism
bubble of air in the bloodstream
465
autonomic nervous system
controls involuntary functions
466
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
467
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
468
concussion
mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recovery is usually expected
469
contusion
brain injuries; a bruised brain caused when the force of a blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessels
470
cranium
bony structure making up the forehead; top; back; and upper sides of the skull
471
dermatome
area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve
472
foramen magnum
opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes from the brain
473
hematoma
head injury; a collection of blood within the skull or brain
474
herniation
pushing of a portion of the brain through the foramen magnum as a result of increased intracranial pressure
475
intracranial pressure (ICP)
pressure in the skull
476
laceration
brain injuries; a cut to the brain
477
malar
cheek bone; AKA zygomatic bone
478
mandible
lower jaw bone
479
maxillae
two fused bones forming the upper jaw
480
nasal bones
form the upper third or bridge of the nose
481
nervous system
overall control of thought; sensation; and the body's voluntary and involuntary motor functions Components are brain; spinal cord; nerves that enter and exit the brain and spinal cord and extend to the various parts of the body
482
neurogenic shock
state of shock (hypoperfussion) caused by nerve paralysis that sometimes develops from spinal cord injuries
483
orbits
the bony structures around the eyes the eye sockets
484
peripheral nervous system
the nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae; the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord and all of the body's other motor and sensory nerves
485
spinous process
bony bump on a vertebra
486
temporal bone
bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. There is a right and a left temporal bone.
487
temporomandibular joint
movable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bone; the TMJ
488
vertebrae
bones of the spinal column (singular vertebra)
489
multiple trauma
more than one serious injury
490
multisystems trauma
one or more injuries that affect more than one body system
491
trauma score
system of evaluating trauma patients according to a numerical rating system to determine the severity of the patient's trauma
492
active rewarming
application of external heat to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient
493
air embolism
gas bubble in the bloodstream plural is air emboli more accurate term is arterial gas embolism (AGE)
494
central rewarming
application of heat to the lateral chest; neck; armpits; and groin of a hypothermic patient
495
conduction
transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact
496
convection
carrying away of heat by the currents of air; water; or other gases or liquids
497
decompression sickness
condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the body's tissues; caused by coming up too quickly from a deep; prolonged dive. Sypmtoms deep pain the the muscles and joints
498
drowning
process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid; which may result in death; morbidity (illness or other adverse effects) or no morbidity
499
evaporation
change from liquid to gas. When the body perspires or gets wet; evaporation of the perspiration or other liquid into the air has a cooling effect on the body
500
hyperthermia
increase in body temperature above normal; which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme
501
Oral and nasal droplets and secretions - several days
Pneumonia - Mode of Transmission, Incubation
502
Respiratory secretions; airborne or on contaminated objects - 2 to 6 weeks
Tuberculosis (TB) - Mode of Transmission, Incubation
503
Respiratory secretions or airborne droplets - 6 to 20 days
Whooping cough (pertussis)Mode of Transmission, Incubation
504
Notification when a patient is diagnosed with an infectious disease
Ryan White CARE Act
505
Critical Incident Stress Management- comprehensive system to prevent and deal with stress
CISM
506
Multiple Casualty Incident
MCI
507
organisms that cause infection such as viruses and bacteria
Pathogens
508
Strict form of infection control
Standard Precautios
509
patients who are significantly overweight or obese
Bariatric
510
proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and prevent injury
body mechanics
511
transferring a patient from bed to stretcher in which rescuers curl the patient to their chests and reverse to the stretcher (bridal carry)
direct carry
512
lifting and carrying from ground level to a stretcher; two or more kneel; curl the patient to their chests; stand; then reverse to stretcher
direct ground lift
513
transfering from bed to stretcher by grabbing loosened bottom sheet
draw-sheet method
514
slip hands under patient's armpits and grasps the wrists while second grasps the knees
extremeity lift
515
using as much hand surface as possible at least 10 inches apart
power grip
516
lift from squatting position with weight close to body
power lift
517
leaving a patient after care has been initiated but before transferred to a medical authority
abandonment
518
A DNR order; written
advance directive
519
in fear of bodily harm
assault
520
causing bodily harm
battery
521
obligation not to reveal information except to health care professionals involved in the patient's care or under subpoena; court; or patient release signed
confidentiality
522
permission from patient for care
consent
523
legal document usually signed by patient and physician
DNR
524
obligation to provide care to a patient
Duty to act
525
given by patients of legal age and mentally competent
expressed consent
526
limited legal protections for citizens and some health care providers
Good Samaritan laws
527
Health Insurance Portablility And Accountability Act
HIPAA
528
presumed a patient or patient's guardian would give if they could
Implied Consent
529
in place of the parents; indicates someone who has authority to give parental permissions
In Loco Parentis
530
false or injurious information in written form
libel
531
finding of failure to act properly in which there was a duty to act; as would be resonably expected
negligence
532
the thing speaks for itself
res ipsa loquitur
533
permits a person to drop off an infant or child at a police; fire; or EMS station or any public safety personnel
safe haven law
534
define the scope; or extent of limits of the EMS's job
scope of practice
535
false or injurious information stated verbally
slander
536
care that could resonably be expected
standard of care
537
civil offense
tort
538
Cervical (7); thoracic (12); Lumbar (5); sacral (5); coccyx (4)
Divisions of the spine
539
Unusually
Atypically
540
constricted blood vessels
Pale and sweaty a result of
541
right and left; upper and lower
abdominal quadrants
542
pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
acetabulum
543
where the acromion and clavicle meet
acromioclavicular joint
544
highest portion of the shoulder
acromion process
545
microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream
alveoli
546
standard reference positionf for the body the body is standing erect; facing the observer; with arms down at the sides and palms forward
anatomical position
547
study of body structure
anatomy
548
front of the body or body part
anterior
549
largest artery in the body transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
aorta
550
small tube located near the juntion of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
appendix
551
smallest kind of artery
arteriole
552
vessel carrying blood away from the heart
artery
553
two upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body. The left atria receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
atria
554
the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impluses on its own
automaticity
555
division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function
autonomic nervous system
556
on both sides
bilateral
557
organ of the renal system
bladder
558
blood exerting force diastolic blood pressure - pressure at rest while left ventricle is refilling - systolic pressure - pressure when left ventricle contracts
blood pressure
559
upper arm
brachial artery
560
two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs right and left bronchi; bronchus singular
bronchi
561
the heel bone
calcaneus
562
blood vessel where o2/co2 and nutrient/waste exchange occurs
capillary
563
specialized muscle tissues the conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
cardiac conduction system
564
specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
cardiac muscle
565
system made up of the heart and the blood vessels also called the circulatory system
cardiovasuclar system
566
large neck arteries; one on each side carry blood from the heart to the head
carotid arteries
567
wrist bones
carpals
568
brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
569
carotid and femoral pulses in the central part of the body
central pulses
570
collarbone
clavicle
571
word root with an added vowel joined with other words; root or suffix to form new word
combining form
572
word formed from two or more
compound
573
blood vessels that supple the muscle of the heart
coronary arteries
574
top; back; and sides of the skull
cranium
575
ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
cricoid cartilage
576
inner (second) layer of skin; rich in blood vessels and nerves; found beneath the epidermis
dermis
577
muscle that devides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity Major muscle of respiration
diaphragm
578
farther away from the torso; oposite proximal
distal
579
back of the body or hand or foot; same as posterior
dorsal
580
artery supplying the foot; lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
dorsalis pedis artery
581
glands that produce hormones that regulate body activities and functions
endocrine system
582
outer layer of skin
epidermis
583
leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
epiglottis
584
hormone produced by the body that dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
epinephrine
585
a passive process in which intercostal(rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax; causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs
exhalation
586
major artery supplying the leg
femoral artery
587
large bone of the thigh
femur
588
the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
fibula
589
sitting
fowler position
590
sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
gallbladder
591
bone of the upper arm; between the shoulder and the elbow
humerus
592
inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues fo the body casued by insuffiient flow of blood thru the capillaries; also called shock
hypoperfusion
593
superior and widest portion of the pelvis
illium
594
away from the head; (beneath) the lips are inferior to the nose - opposite is superior
inferior
595
active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract; expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
inhalation
596
hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by diabetics
insulin
597
responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be conciously controlled
involuntary muscle
598
lower posterior portion of the pelvis
ischium
599
two bones come together
joint
600
renal system filter blood and regulate fluid levels
kidneys
601
muscular tube removes water from waste received from small intestine and moves everything not absorbed by the body toward exrcretion
large intestine
602
voice box
larynx
603
to the side; away from the midline of the body - opposite is medial
lateral
604
bone to bone connection tissue
ligament
605
largest organ; produces bile to assist breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
liver
606
organ where exchange of atmospheric o2 and waste co2 take place
lungs
607
protrusion on the side of the ankle lateral malleolus; at the lower end of the fibula is seen on the outer ankle; the medial malleolus at the lower end of the tibia; is seen on the inner ankle
malleolus
608
lower jaw bone
mandible
609
superior portion fo the sternum
manubrium
610
two fused bones forming the upper jaw
maxillae
611
toward the midline of the body - opposite is lateral
medial
612
foot bones
metatarsals
613
hand bones
metacarpals
614
line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
mid-axillary
615
line through the center of the clavicle
mid-clavicular
616
drawn down center of the body; dividing right and left
midline
617
tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part
muscle
618
bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
musculoskeletal system
619
nose
nasal bones
620
area directly posterior to the nose
nasopharynx
621
brain; spinal cord; and nerves that govern sensation; movement; and thought
nervous system
622
bony structures around the eyes; eye sockets
orbits
623
area directly posterior to the mouth
oropharynx
624
egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system
ovaries
625
palm of the hand
palmar
626
gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine
pancreas
627
kneecap
patella
628
supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities
pelvis
629
supply of o2 to and removal of wastes from cells and tissues as a result of flow of blood thru the capillaries
perfusion
630
nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
631
radial; brachial; posterior tibial; and dorsalis pedis pulses; which can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body.
peripheral pulses
632
toe bones and finger bones
phalages
633
area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. Made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx
pharynx
634
study of the body function
physiology
635
sole of the foot
plantar
636
fluid portion of the blood
plasma
637
membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells
platlets
638
back of the body or body part
posterior
639
supplying the foot behind the medial ankle
posterior tibial artery
640
lying face down
prone
641
closer to the body; opposite distal
proximal
642
medial anterior portion of the pelvis
pubis
643
vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
pulmonary arteries
644
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
pulmonary veins
645
lower arm; felt when taking the pulse in the wrist
radial artery
646
lateral bone of the forarm
radius
647
lying on side also called lateral recumbent position
recovery position
648
components of the bllod that carry oxygento and carbon dioxide away from the cells
red blood cells
649
regulates fluid balance and filtration of blood; also called urinary system
renal system
650
responsible for human reproduction
reproductive system
651
process of moving o2 and co2 between circulating blood and the cells
respiration (cellular)
652
nose; mouth; throat; lungs; and muscles that bring o2 into the body and expels co2
respiratory system
653
shoulder blade
scapula
654
hypoperfusion
shock
655
bones of the body
skeleton
656
tissue between the body and the external environment
skin
657
bony structure of the head
skull
658
muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine; divided into duodenum; the jejunum; and the ileum; which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body thru its walls
small intestine
659
located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) and acts as a blood filtration system and reservoir by the body for reserves of blood
spleen
660
breastbone
sternum
661
between the esophagus and the small intestine
stomach
662
layers of fat and soft tissue found below the dermis
subcutaneous layers
663
toward the head; opposite inferior
superior
664
lying on the back
supine
665
ankle bones
tarsals
666
muscle to bone
tendon
667
male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm
testes
668
the chest
thorax
669
wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the adams apple
thyroid cartilage
670
medial and larger bone of the lower leg
tibia
671
trunk of the body; without the head and extremities
torso
672
windpipe; structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
trachea
673
patient's feet and legs are higher than the head
trendelenburg posisition
674
medial bone of the forearm
ulna
675
tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
676
tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis
urethra
677
female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus
uterus
678
female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus
vagina
679
structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction
valve
680
blood vessel returning blood to the heart
vein
681
superior vena cava and the inferior vena cavae major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium( vena cava singular)
venae cavae
682
two lower chambers of the heart right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs; left ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body
ventricles
683
smallest kind of vein
venule
684
33 bones of the spinal column
vertebrae
685
can be consciously controlled
voluntary muscle
686
produce substances that help the body fight infection
white blood cells
687
inferior portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
688
bones that form the struture of the cheeks
zygomatic arches
689
cellular process in which o2 is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products
aerobic metabolism
690
amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
cardiac output
691
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of o2 and co2
chemoreceptors
692
air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange
dead air space
693
abnormally low amount of water in the body
dehydration
694
swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space
edema
695
substance that when dissolved in water separates into charged particles
electrolyte
696
fraction fo inspired o2; the concentration of o2 in the air we breath
FiO2
697
pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
hydrostatic pressure
697
pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
hydrostatic pressure
698
exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
hypersensitivitiy
698
exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
hypersensitivitiy
699
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients also called shock
hypoperfusion
700
the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
metabolism
700
the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
metabolism
701
the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
minute volume
701
the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
minute volume
702
open and clear; free from obstruction
patent
702
open and clear; free from obstruction
patent
703
the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
pathophysiology
703
the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
pathophysiology
704
supply of o2 to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
perfusion
704
supply of o2 to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
perfusion
705
the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion fo blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
plasma oncotic pressure
705
the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion fo blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
plasma oncotic pressure
706
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients hypoperfusion
shock
706
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients hypoperfusion
shock
707
sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
stretch receptors
707
sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
stretch receptors
708
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
stroke volume
709
pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood int the system
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
709
pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood int the system
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
710
volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
tidal volume
710
volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
tidal volume
711
ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of o2 and co2
V/Q match
711
ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of o2 and co2
V/Q match
712
infant reaction to startlement by throwing arms out; spreads fingers; then grabs with fingers and arms
moro reflex
712
infant reaction to startlement by throwing arms out; spreads fingers; then grabs with fingers and arms
moro reflex
713
when u place your finger in an infant's palm and they grab it
palmar reflex
713
when u place your finger in an infant's palm and they grab it
palmar reflex
714
13 to 18
adolescence
714
13 to 18
adolescence
715
19 to 40
early adulthood
716
birth to 1
infancy
717
60 or older
late adulthood
717
60 or older
late adulthood
718
41 to 60
middle adulthood
719
6 to 12
school age
720
3 to 5
preschool age
720
3 to 5
preschool age
721
when you touch a hungary infants cheek and he turns his head toward the side touched
rooting reflex
721
when you touch a hungary infants cheek and he turns his head toward the side touched
rooting reflex
722
building on what one already knows
scaffolding
722
building on what one already knows
scaffolding
723
when u stroke a hungary infants lips he will start suckling
suckling reflex
723
when u stroke a hungary infants lips he will start suckling
suckling reflex
724
the infants reaction to his environment
temperament
724
the infants reaction to his environment
temperament
725
12 to 36 months
toddler phase
725
12 to 36 months
toddler phase
726
concept developed from an orderly predictable environment versus a disorderly irregular environment
trust vs. mistrust
726
concept developed from an orderly predictable environment versus a disorderly irregular environment
trust vs. mistrust
727
contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased restance to air flow
bronchoconstriction
727
contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased restance to air flow
bronchoconstriction
728
flexible breathing tube inserted through the patients nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway
nasopharyngeal airway
728
flexible breathing tube inserted through the patients nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway
nasopharyngeal airway
729
curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to maintain an open airway
oropharyngeal airway
729
curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to maintain an open airway
oropharyngeal airway
730
airway that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference to the passage of air
patent airway
730
airway that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference to the passage of air
patent airway
731
a high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the upper airway
stridor
732
a high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the upper airway
stridor
733
the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
alveolar ventilation
733
the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
alveolar ventilation
734
device that provides positive pressure ventilations includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume; is protable; and is easily carried on an ambulance
automatice transport ventilator (ATV)
734
device that provides positive pressure ventilations includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume; is protable; and is easily carried on an ambulance
automatice transport ventilator (ATV)
735
handheld resuscitation device with a self-refilling bag
bag-valve mask (BVM)
735
handheld resuscitation device with a self-refilling bag
bag-valve mask (BVM)
736
exchange of o2 and co2 between cells and circulating blood
cellular respiration
736
exchange of o2 and co2 between cells and circulating blood
cellular respiration
737
pressure applied to the cricoid ring to minimize air entry into the esophagus during positive pressure ventilation; AKA Sellick maneuver
cricoid pressure
738
pressure applied to the cricoid ring to minimize air entry into the esophagus during positive pressure ventilation; AKA Sellick maneuver
cricoid pressure
738
blue or gray color resulting from lack of o2 in the body
cyanosis
739
molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
739
molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
740
valve indicating o2 flow in liters per minute
flowmeter
740
valve indicating o2 flow in liters per minute
flowmeter
741
uses o2 under pressure to deliver artificial ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. Has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdelivery of o2 to the patient
flow-restricted o2 powered ventilation device (FROPVD)
742
insufficency of o2 in the body's tissues
hypoxia
742
insufficency of o2 in the body's tissues
hypoxia
743
device that delivers low concentration of o2 through two prongs that rest in the patients nostrils
nasal cannula
743
device that delivers low concentration of o2 through two prongs that rest in the patients nostrils
nasal cannula
744
face mask and resevoir bag that delivers high concentrations of o2. The patient's exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed
nonrebreather (NRB) mask
744
face mask and resevoir bag that delivers high concentrations of o2. The patient's exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed
nonrebreather (NRB) mask
745
face mask and reservoir o2 bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag so that some exhaled air mixes with the o2 used in some patients to help reserve co2 levels in the blood to stimulate breathing
partial rebreather mask
746
artificial ventilation
positive pressure ventilation
747
exchange of o2 and co2 between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary respiration
747
exchange of o2 and co2 between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary respiration
748
diffusion of o2 and co2 between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration) AKA breathing
respiration
748
diffusion of o2 and co2 between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration) AKA breathing
respiration
749
breathing stops
respiratory arrest
750
increased work of breathing; sensation of shortness of breath
respiratory distress
750
increased work of breathing; sensation of shortness of breath
respiratory distress
751
reduction of breathing to the point where o2 intake is not sufficient to support life
respiratory failure
751
reduction of breathing to the point where o2 intake is not sufficient to support life
respiratory failure
752
permanent surgical opening in the neck through which a patient breathes.
stoma
752
permanent surgical opening in the neck through which a patient breathes.
stoma
753
device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental o2
tracheostomy mask
753
device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental o2
tracheostomy mask
754
breathing in and out or artificial provision of breaths
ventilation
754
breathing in and out or artificial provision of breaths
ventilation
755
face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of o2 by mixing o2 with inhaled air
venturi mask
755
face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of o2 by mixing o2 with inhaled air
venturi mask
756
injury caused by a blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues
blunt-force trauma
756
injury caused by a blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues
blunt-force trauma
757
area around the wreckage of a vehicle collision or other incident within which special safety precautions should be taken
danger zone
758
awareness that there may be injuries
index of suspician
758
awareness that there may be injuries
index of suspician
759
force or forces that may have caused injury
mechanism of injury
759
force or forces that may have caused injury
mechanism of injury
760
what is medically wrong with a patient
nature of the illness
760
what is medically wrong with a patient
nature of the illness
761
injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissues
penetrating trauma
761
injury caused by an object that passes through the skin or other body tissues
penetrating trauma
762
steps taken when approaching the scene of an emergency call; scene safety; standard precautions; noting the mechanism of injury or nature of illness; determining the number of patients; and deciding what if any additional resources to call fo
scene size-up
763
memory aid for classifying a patient's level of responsiveness or mental status. A-alert V-verbal P-painful response U-unresponsive
AVPU
763
memory aid for classifying a patient's level of responsiveness or mental status. A-alert V-verbal P-painful response U-unresponsive
AVPU
764
reason EMS was called; in patients own words
chief complaint
764
reason EMS was called; in patients own words
chief complaint
765
bsed on first approaching the patient; patient's environment; chief complaint; appearance
general impression
766
actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems
interventions
766
actions taken to correct or manage a patient's problems
interventions
767
level of responsiveness
mental status
767
level of responsiveness
mental status
768
first element in a patient's assessment steps taken. Six parts; forming a general impression; assessing mental status; assessing airway; assessing breathing; assessing circulation; and determining the priority of the patient fro treatment and transport to the hospital
primary assessment
769
need for immediate transport versus further assessment and care at the scene
priority
769
need for immediate transport versus further assessment and care at the scene
priority
770
listening via stethoscope
auscultation
771
major artery in the arm
brachial artery
771
major artery in the arm
brachial artery
772
slow pulse; any pulse rate below 60
bradycardia
773
either side of the neck
carotid artery
773
either side of the neck
carotid artery
774
pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling
diastolic pressure
774
pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling
diastolic pressure
775
get larger
dilate
775
get larger
dilate
776
ratio of the amount of o2 present in the blood to the amount that could be carried expressed in percentage
oxygen saturation (SpO2)
777
touching or feeling
palpation
777
touching or feeling
palpation
778
electronic device for determining the amount of o2 carried in the blood (o2 saturation or SpO2)
pulse oximeter
778
electronic device for determining the amount of o2 carried in the blood (o2 saturation or SpO2)
pulse oximeter
779
rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse
pulse quality
779
rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse
pulse quality
780
number of pulse beats per minute
pulse rate
780
number of pulse beats per minute
pulse rate
781
black center of the eyes
pupil
782
pulse felt at the wrist
radial pulse
782
pulse felt at the wrist
radial pulse
783
reactivity of the pupils to light by changing size
reactivity
783
reactivity of the pupils to light by changing size
reactivity
784
breathing
respiration
784
breathing
respiration
785
normal or abnormal (shallow; labored; or noisy) character of breathing
respiratory quality
785
normal or abnormal (shallow; labored; or noisy) character of breathing
respiratory quality
786
breaths per minute
respiratory rate
787
the cuff and guage for blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
787
the cuff and guage for blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
788
preasure when heart contracts and forces blood out of the arteries
systolic blood pressure
788
preasure when heart contracts and forces blood out of the arteries
systolic blood pressure
789
rapid pulse; above 100
tachycardia
790
respiration; pulse; skin color; temperature; and condition (plus capillary refill in infants and children); pupils; and bp
vital signs
790
respiration; pulse; skin color; temperature; and condition (plus capillary refill in infants and children); pupils; and bp
vital signs
791
grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together
crepitation
791
grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together
crepitation
792
assessment fo the head; neck; chest; abdomen; pelvis extremities; and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury. Differs from rapid trauma assessment only in the at it also includes examination of the face; ears; eyes; nose; and mouth during the axamination of the head.
detailed physical exam
792
assessment fo the head; neck; chest; abdomen; pelvis extremities; and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury. Differs from rapid trauma assessment only in the at it also includes examination of the face; ears; eyes; nose; and mouth during the axamination of the head.
detailed physical exam
793
stretched; inflated; or larger than normal
distention
793
stretched; inflated; or larger than normal
distention
794
info gathered regarding symptoms and nature of the patient's current concern
history of the present illness (HPI)
795
bulging of the neck veins
jugular vein distention (JVD)
795
bulging of the neck veins
jugular vein distention (JVD)
796
movement of a part of the chest in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during respiration
paradoxical motion
797
information gathered regarding the patient's health problems in the past
past medical history (PMH)
797
information gathered regarding the patient's health problems in the past
past medical history (PMH)
798
persistent erection from spinal injury or medical problem
priapism
798
persistent erection from spinal injury or medical problem
priapism
799
rapid assessment of the head; neck; chest; abdomen; pelvis; extremites; and posterior of the body
rapid trauma assessment
799
rapid assessment of the head; neck; chest; abdomen; pelvis; extremites; and posterior of the body
rapid trauma assessment
800
Past medical history; S-Signs and symptoms; A-Allergies; M-medications; P-pertinent past history; L-last oral intake; E-events leading to injury or illness
SAMPLE
800
Past medical history; S-Signs and symptoms; A-Allergies; M-medications; P-pertinent past history; L-last oral intake; E-events leading to injury or illness
SAMPLE
801
permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes
stoma
801
permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes
stoma
802
surgical incision held open by a metal or plastic tube
tracheostomy
802
surgical incision held open by a metal or plastic tube
tracheostomy
803
patient suffering from one or more physical injuries
trauma patient
803
patient suffering from one or more physical injuries
trauma patient
804
questions asked to get a description of the present illness. O-onset; P-provokes (what triggered it); Q-quality (can u describe it for me); R-radiation (where is the pain and does it spread and where to); S-severity; Time (when did it start; has it changed)
OPQRST
804
questions asked to get a description of the present illness. O-onset; P-provokes (what triggered it); Q-quality (can u describe it for me); R-radiation (where is the pain and does it spread and where to); S-severity; Time (when did it start; has it changed)
OPQRST
805
used to detect changes; four step - primary assessment; vital signs; physical exam; checking interventions
reassessment
805
used to detect changes; four step - primary assessment; vital signs; physical exam; checking interventions
reassessment
806
changes in the patient's condition over time
trending
806
changes in the patient's condition over time
trending
807
potential diagnosis compiled early in the assessment
differential diagnosis
807
potential diagnosis compiled early in the assessment
differential diagnosis
808
label for a patient's condition based on history; exam; and vitals Less specific than MD diagnosis
EMS/EMT diagnosis
808
label for a patient's condition based on history; exam; and vitals Less specific than MD diagnosis
EMS/EMT diagnosis
809
abreviated form of the PCR
drop/transfer report
809
abreviated form of the PCR
drop/transfer report
810
signs or circumstances under which it is not appropriate or harmful
contraindication
810
signs or circumstances under which it is not appropriate or harmful
contraindication
811
route of medication administration that uses GI tract; such as pill
enteral
811
route of medication administration that uses GI tract; such as pill
enteral
812
drug that helps to constrict blood vessels and relax passages of the airway.
epinephrine
812
drug that helps to constrict blood vessels and relax passages of the airway.
epinephrine
813
signs or circumstances which it is appropriate to administer a drug
indications
813
signs or circumstances which it is appropriate to administer a drug
indications
814
helps to dilate the coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood
nitroglycerin
814
helps to dilate the coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood
nitroglycerin
815
form of glucose given by mouth to treat an awake patient; able to swallow; with an altered mental status and history of diabetes
oral glucose
816
form of glucose given by mouth to treat an awake patient; able to swallow; with an altered mental status and history of diabetes
oral glucose
817
route of medication administration that does not use the GI tract such as IV
parenteral
817
route of medication administration that does not use the GI tract such as IV
parenteral
818
study of the effets of medications
pharmacodynamics
818
study of the effets of medications
pharmacodynamics
819
study of drugs; their sources; their characteristics and their effects
pharmacology
819
study of drugs; their sources; their characteristics and their effects
pharmacology
820
effect of a medication in addition to its desired effect that may be potentially harmful
untoward effect
820
effect of a medication in addition to its desired effect that may be potentially harmful
untoward effect
821
constriction or blockage of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs
bronchoconstriction
821
constriction or blockage of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs
bronchoconstriction
822
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate difficulty breathing
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
822
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate difficulty breathing
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
823
expiration
exhalation
823
expiration
exhalation
824
pasive process which intercostal(rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax; causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and force air from the lungs
expiration
824
pasive process which intercostal(rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax; causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and force air from the lungs
expiration
825
inspiration
inhalation
825
inspiration
inhalation
826
an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphram contract; expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
inspiration
826
an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphram contract; expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
inspiration
827
blanket term for any symptoms related to lack of o2 (ischemia) in the heart muscle. AKA cardiac compromise
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
827
blanket term for any symptoms related to lack of o2 (ischemia) in the heart muscle. AKA cardiac compromise
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
828
aka heart attack
ischemia
828
aka heart attack
ischemia
829
portion of the myocardium dies as a result of o2 starvation
acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
829
portion of the myocardium dies as a result of o2 starvation
acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
830
irregular; gasping breaths that precede apnea and death
agonal breathing
830
irregular; gasping breaths that precede apnea and death
agonal breathing
831
no breathing
apnea
831
no breathing
apnea
832
dilation or ballooning of a weakened section of the wall of an artery
aneurysm
832
dilation or ballooning of a weakened section of the wall of an artery
aneurysm
833
pain in the chest occurring when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough o2
angina pectoris
833
pain in the chest occurring when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough o2
angina pectoris
834
condition in which the heart has ceased generating electrical impulses
asystole
834
condition in which the heart has ceased generating electrical impulses
asystole
835
heart rate is slow; below 60
bradycardia
835
heart rate is slow; below 60
bradycardia
836
same as acute coronary syndrome
cardiac compromise
836
same as acute coronary syndrome
cardiac compromise
837
heart and blood vessels
cardiovascular system
837
heart and blood vessels
cardiovascular system
838
failure of the heart to pump efficiently; leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs; the body; or both
congestive heart failure (CHF)
838
failure of the heart to pump efficiently; leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs; the body; or both
congestive heart failure (CHF)
839
diseases that affect the arteries of the heart
coronary artery disease (CAD)
839
diseases that affect the arteries of the heart
coronary artery disease (CAD)
840
shortness of breath; labored or difficult breathing
dyspnea
840
shortness of breath; labored or difficult breathing
dyspnea
841
disturbance in heart rate and rhythm
dysrhythmia
841
disturbance in heart rate and rhythm
dysrhythmia
842
swelling resulting from a buildup of fluid in the tissues
edema
842
swelling resulting from a buildup of fluid in the tissues
edema
843
blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current
embolism
843
blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current
embolism
844
medication that dilates the blood vessels
nitroglycerin (NTG)
844
medication that dilates the blood vessels
nitroglycerin (NTG)
845
blockage as an artery by fatty deposits
occlusion
845
blockage as an artery by fatty deposits
occlusion
846
accumulation fo fluid in the feet or ankles
pedal edema
846
accumulation fo fluid in the feet or ankles
pedal edema
847
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
pulmonary edema
847
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
pulmonary edema
848
heart's electrical rhythm remains relatively normal; yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity causing cardiac arrest
pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
848
heart's electrical rhythm remains relatively normal; yet the mechanical pumping activity fails to follow the electrical activity causing cardiac arrest
pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
849
cardiac arrest that occurs within 2 hours of the onset of symptoms May have no prior symptoms
sudden death
850
when the heart rate is fast; above 100
tachycardia
850
when the heart rate is fast; above 100
tachycardia
851
clot formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery or vein
thrombus
851
clot formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery or vein
thrombus
852
condition in which the heart's electrical impulses are disorganized; preventing the heart muscle from contraacting normally
ventricular fibrillation (VF)
852
condition in which the heart's electrical impulses are disorganized; preventing the heart muscle from contraacting normally
ventricular fibrillation (VF)
853
heartbeat is quite rapid; not allowing chambers to fill between beats
ventricular tachycardia (V tach)
853
heartbeat is quite rapid; not allowing chambers to fill between beats
ventricular tachycardia (V tach)
854
sensation experienced by a seizure patient right before the seizure; which might be a smell; sound; or general feeling
aura
854
sensation experienced by a seizure patient right before the seizure; which might be a smell; sound; or general feeling
aura
855
sugar diabetes; condition brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly
diabetes mellitus
855
sugar diabetes; condition brought about by decreased insulin production or the inability of the body cells to use insulin properly
diabetes mellitus
856
result of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia); characterized by dehydration; altered mental status; and shock
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
856
result of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia); characterized by dehydration; altered mental status; and shock
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
857
medical condition that causes seizures
epilepsy
857
medical condition that causes seizures
epilepsy
858
affects both sides of the brain
generalized seizure
858
affects both sides of the brain
generalized seizure
859
form of sugar the body's basic source of energy
glucose
859
form of sugar the body's basic source of energy
glucose
860
high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
860
high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
861
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
861
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
862
hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
insulin
862
hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
insulin
863
affects only one part or one side of the brain
partial seizure
863
affects only one part or one side of the brain
partial seizure
864
period of time immediately following a tonic-clonic seizure in which the patient goes from full loss of consciousness to full mental status
postictal phase
864
period of time immediately following a tonic-clonic seizure in which the patient goes from full loss of consciousness to full mental status
postictal phase
865
series of neurologic circuits in the brain that control the functions of staying awake; paying attention; and sleeping
reticular activating system (RAS)
865
series of neurologic circuits in the brain that control the functions of staying awake; paying attention; and sleeping
reticular activating system (RAS)
866
sudden change in sensation; behavior; or movement Most severe form os seizure produces violent muscle contractions called convulsions
seizure
866
sudden change in sensation; behavior; or movement Most severe form os seizure produces violent muscle contractions called convulsions
seizure
867
prolonged seizure or situation when a person suffers two or more convulsive seizures without regaining full consciousness
status epilepticus
867
prolonged seizure or situation when a person suffers two or more convulsive seizures without regaining full consciousness
status epilepticus
868
conditions of altered function caused when an artery in the brain is blocked or ruptured; disrupting the supply of oxygenated blood or causing bleeding into the brain. Formally called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke
868
conditions of altered function caused when an artery in the brain is blocked or ruptured; disrupting the supply of oxygenated blood or causing bleeding into the brain. Formally called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke
869
fainting
syncope
869
fainting
syncope
870
generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups
tonic-clonic seizure
870
generalized seizure in which the patient loses consciousness and has jerking movements of paired muscle groups
tonic-clonic seizure
871
something that causes an allergic reaction
allergen
871
something that causes an allergic reaction
allergen
872
exaggerated immune response
allergic reaction
872
exaggerated immune response
allergic reaction
873
severe or life-threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate; causing a drop in blood pressure; and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell; interfering with the airway. AKA anaphylactic shock
anaphylaxis
873
severe or life-threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate; causing a drop in blood pressure; and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell; interfering with the airway. AKA anaphylactic shock
anaphylaxis
874
hormone produced by the body As a medication it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
epinephrine
874
hormone produced by the body As a medication it constricts blood vessels and dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
epinephrine
875
poisons taken into the body through unbroken skin
absorbed poisons
875
poisons taken into the body through unbroken skin
absorbed poisons
876
substance that adsorbs many poisons and prevents them from being absorbed by the body
activated charcoal
877
substance that will neutralize the poison or its effects
antidote
878
severe reaction that can be part of alcohol withdrawal; characteriszed by sweating; trembling; anxiety; and hallucinations. Severe alcohol withdrawal with the DTs can lead to death if untreated
delirium tremens (DTs)
879
thinning down or weakening by mixing with something else. Ingested poisons are sometimes diluted by drinking water or milk.
dilution
879
thinning down or weakening by mixing with something else. Ingested poisons are sometimes diluted by drinking water or milk.
dilution
880
depressants; such as barbiturates; that depress the central nervous system which are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind
downers
880
depressants; such as barbiturates; that depress the central nervous system which are often used to bring on a more relaxed state of mind
downers
881
mind-affecting drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce excitement and distortion of perceptions.
hallucinogens
881
mind-affecting drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce excitement and distortion of perceptions.
hallucinogens
882
class of drugs that affect the nervous system and change many normal body activities Their legal use is for the relief of pain. Illicit use is to produce an intense state of relaxation
narcotics
882
class of drugs that affect the nervous system and change many normal body activities Their legal use is for the relief of pain. Illicit use is to produce an intense state of relaxation
narcotics
883
a poisonous substance secreted by bacteria; plants; or animals
toxin
883
a poisonous substance secreted by bacteria; plants; or animals
toxin
884
stimulants such as amphetamines that affect the central nervous system to excite the user
uppers
884
stimulants such as amphetamines that affect the central nervous system to excite the user
uppers
885
vaporizing compounds such as cleaning fluid; which are breathed inby the abuser to produce a high
volatile chemicals
885
vaporizing compounds such as cleaning fluid; which are breathed inby the abuser to produce a high
volatile chemicals
886
referring to alcohol or drug withdrawal in which the patients body reacts severely when deprived of the abused substance
withdrawal
886
referring to alcohol or drug withdrawal in which the patients body reacts severely when deprived of the abused substance
withdrawal
887
localized; intense pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum; the lining of the abdominal cavity
parietal pain
888
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covers the organs within it (the visceral peritoneum)
peritoneum
888
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covers the organs within it (the visceral peritoneum)
peritoneum
889
pain felt in a location other than where the pain originates
referred pain
889
pain felt in a location other than where the pain originates
referred pain
890
area posterior to the peritoneum between the peritoneum and the back
retroperitoneal space
891
area posterior to the peritoneum between the peritoneum and the back
retroperitoneal space
892
sharp pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart
tearing pain
892
sharp pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart
tearing pain
893
poorly localized; dull; or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs; or viscera
visceral pain
893
poorly localized; dull; or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs; or viscera
visceral pain
894
bizarre and/or aggressive behavior; shouting; paranoia; panic; violence toward others; insensitivity to pain; unexpected physical strength; and hyperthermia; usually associated with cocaine or amphetamine use. Also called agitated delirium
excited delirium
894
bizarre and/or aggressive behavior; shouting; paranoia; panic; violence toward others; insensitivity to pain; unexpected physical strength; and hyperthermia; usually associated with cocaine or amphetamine use. Also called agitated delirium
excited delirium
895
inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body posiion that restricts breathing
positional asphyxia
895
inadequate breathing or respiratory arrest caused by a body posiion that restricts breathing
positional asphyxia
896
lack of a normal number of red blood cells in circulation
anemia
896
lack of a normal number of red blood cells in circulation
anemia
897
gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catherter to drain fluid out.
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
898
gravity exchange process for peritoneal dialysis in which a bag of dialysis fluid is raised above the level of an abdominal catheter to fill the abdominal cavity and lowered below the level of the abdominal catherter to drain fluid out.
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
899
irreversible renal failure to the extent that the kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration and fluid balance to sustain life; survival with ESRD usually requires dialysis
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
899
irreversible renal failure to the extent that the kidneys can no longer provide adequate filtration and fluid balance to sustain life; survival with ESRD usually requires dialysis
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
900
bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity
peritonitis
900
bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity
peritonitis
901
loss of the kidney's ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluid from the body
renal falure
901
loss of the kidney's ability to filter the blood and remove toxins and excess fluid from the body
renal falure
902
inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells
sickle cell anemia (SCA)
902
inherited disease in which a genetic defect in the hemoglobin results in abnormal structure of the red blood cells
sickle cell anemia (SCA)
903
vibration felt on gently papation such as that which typically occurs withinn an arterial-venous fistula
thrill
903
vibration felt on gently papation such as that which typically occurs withinn an arterial-venous fistula
thrill
904
bright red; rapid; profuse; pulseing; hard to control
arterial bleeding
904
bright red; rapid; profuse; pulseing; hard to control
arterial bleeding
905
slow; oozing flow
capillary bleeding
905
slow; oozing flow
capillary bleeding
906
shock; or lack of perfusion; brought on not by blood loss; but by the heart's inadequated pumping action. Result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure
cardiogenic shock
906
shock; or lack of perfusion; brought on not by blood loss; but by the heart's inadequated pumping action. Result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure
cardiogenic shock
907
body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident
decompensated shock
907
body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident
decompensated shock
908
bleeding; severe
hemorrhage
908
bleeding; severe
hemorrhage
909
shock resulting from blood loss
hemorrhagic shock
909
shock resulting from blood loss
hemorrhagic shock
910
substances applied as powders dressings gauze or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding
hemostatic agents
910
substances applied as powders dressings gauze or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding
hemostatic agents
911
body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
hypoperfusion
911
body's inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
hypoperfusion
912
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
hypovolemic shock
912
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
hypovolemic shock
913
unable to maintain perfusion to vital organs. Adequate vital signs may return patient dies withing days due to organ failure
irreversible shock
913
unable to maintain perfusion to vital organs. Adequate vital signs may return patient dies withing days due to organ failure
irreversible shock
914
hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal cord injuries) resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled
neurogenic shock
914
hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal cord injuries) resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled
neurogenic shock
915
supply of o2 to; and removal of wastes from the body's cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
perfusion
915
supply of o2 to; and removal of wastes from the body's cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
perfusion
916
bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage; which applies pressure to help control bleeding
pressure dressing
916
bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage; which applies pressure to help control bleeding
pressure dressing
917
inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients; which is a life-threatening condition AKA hypoperfusion
shock
917
inability to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with o2 and nutrients; which is a life-threatening condition AKA hypoperfusion
shock
918
device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity
tourniquet
918
device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity
tourniquet
919
dark red; and steady
venous bleeding
920
dark red; and steady
venous bleeding
921
scratch
abrasion
921
scratch
abrasion
922
severing of a body part
amputation
923
tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue This term also may be used for an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket
avulsion
923
tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue This term also may be used for an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket
avulsion
924
used to hold a dressing in place
bandage
924
used to hold a dressing in place
bandage
925
internal injury with no open pathway from the outside
closed wound
925
internal injury with no open pathway from the outside
closed wound
926
bruise
contusion
926
bruise
contusion
927
when force is transmitted from the body's exterior to its internal structures broken bones; muscles; nerves; and tissues damaged; and internal organs ruptured causing internal bleeding
crush injury
927
when force is transmitted from the body's exterior to its internal structures broken bones; muscles; nerves; and tissues damaged; and internal organs ruptured causing internal bleeding
crush injury
928
inner layer of the skin; found beneath the epidermis rich in blood vessels and nerves
dermis
928
inner layer of the skin; found beneath the epidermis rich in blood vessels and nerves
dermis
929
material used to cover a wound to control bleeding and reduce futher contamination
dressing
929
material used to cover a wound to control bleeding and reduce futher contamination
dressing
930
outer layer of skin
epidermis
930
outer layer of skin
epidermis
931
all layers of the skin burned. Usually charred black or areas that are dry and white (third degree)
full thickness burn
931
all layers of the skin burned. Usually charred black or areas that are dry and white (third degree)
full thickness burn
932
swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel
hematoma
932
swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel
hematoma
933
cut
laceration
934
forms an airtight seal
occlusive dressing
934
forms an airtight seal
occlusive dressing
935
skin is interrupted exposing the tissue beneath
open wound
935
skin is interrupted exposing the tissue beneath
open wound
936
epidermis (first layer) is burned thru and the dermis (second layer) is dmaged reddening; blistering; and a mottled appearance (second degree)
partial thickness burn
936
epidermis (first layer) is burned thru and the dermis (second layer) is dmaged reddening; blistering; and a mottled appearance (second degree)
partial thickness burn
937
applied tightly to control bleeding
pressure dressing
937
applied tightly to control bleeding
pressure dressing
938
open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues penetrating puncture wound can be shallow or dep Perforating puncture wound has both an entrance and an exit wound
puncture wound
938
open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues penetrating puncture wound can be shallow or dep Perforating puncture wound has both an entrance and an exit wound
puncture wound
939
estimating extent of a burn Adult: 9% each for head and neck; 9% upper extremity (4.5 front/back); 9% chest; 9% abdomen; 9% upper back; 9% lower back and buttocks; 9% front of each lower extremity; and 9% back of each lower extremity (remaining 1%genital area) Infant or child: 18 % head 7% each lower extremity front; 7% each lower extremity back 9% each upper extremity(4.5 front/back); 1% genitals; 18 front; 18 back (some say 13.5 for each lower limb to get 100)
rule of nines
939
estimating extent of a burn Adult: 9% each for head and neck; 9% upper extremity (4.5 front/back); 9% chest; 9% abdomen; 9% upper back; 9% lower back and buttocks; 9% front of each lower extremity; and 9% back of each lower extremity (remaining 1%genital area) Infant or child: 18 % head 7% each lower extremity front; 7% each lower extremity back 9% each upper extremity(4.5 front/back); 1% genitals; 18 front; 18 back (some say 13.5 for each lower limb to get 100)
rule of nines
940
measuring extent of a burn; size of patients palm equals 1%; use as ruler
rule of palm
940
measuring extent of a burn; size of patients palm equals 1%; use as ruler
rule of palm
941
layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
subcutaneous
941
layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
subcutaneous
942
involves only the epidermis; the outer layer. Characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling ex sunburn (first degree)
superficial burn
942
involves only the epidermis; the outer layer. Characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling ex sunburn (first degree)
superficial burn
943
bulky dressing
universal dressing
943
bulky dressing
universal dressing
944
intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen
evisceration
944
intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen
evisceration
945
fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment
flail chest
945
fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment
flail chest
946
movement of ribs ina flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity
paradoxical motion
946
movement of ribs ina flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity
paradoxical motion
947
air in the chest cavity
pneumothorax
948
open chest wound in which air is sucked into the chest cavity
sucking chest wound
948
open chest wound in which air is sucked into the chest cavity
sucking chest wound
949
type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping
tension pneumothorax
949
type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping
tension pneumothorax
950
broken bone segments are at an angle to each other
angulated fracture
951
tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts such as the ear
cartilage
951
tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts such as the ear
cartilage
952
no open wound
closed extremity injury
952
no open wound
closed extremity injury
953
fracture in which the bone is broken in several places
comminuted fracture
953
fracture in which the bone is broken in several places
comminuted fracture
954
injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast
compartment syndrome
954
injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast
compartment syndrome
955
grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together
crepitus
955
grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together
crepitus
956
disruption or coming apart of a joint
dislocation
956
disruption or coming apart of a joint
dislocation
957
portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles; scapulae; arms; writsts; and hands (upper extremites) and the pelvis; thighs; legs; ankles; and feet (lower extremities)
extremities
957
portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles; scapulae; arms; writsts; and hands (upper extremites) and the pelvis; thighs; legs; ankles; and feet (lower extremities)
extremities
958
break
fracture
958
break
fracture
959
incomplete fracture
greenstick fracture
959
incomplete fracture
greenstick fracture
960
places where bones articulate
joints
960
places where bones articulate
joints
961
connective tissue that connects bone to bone
ligaments
962
applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting
manual traction
962
applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting
manual traction
963
cause movement of body parts and organs
muscles
963
cause movement of body parts and organs
muscles
964
open wound to an extremity
open extremity injury
964
open wound to an extremity
open extremity injury
965
stretching and tearing of ligaments
sprain
965
stretching and tearing of ligaments
sprain
966
muscle injury from overstretching or overexertion
strain
966
muscle injury from overstretching or overexertion
strain
967
connect muscle to bone
tendons
968
constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Primarily for femur
traction splint
968
constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Primarily for femur
traction splint
969
bubble of air in the bloodstream
air embolism
969
bubble of air in the bloodstream
air embolism
970
controls involuntary functions
autonomic nervous system
970
controls involuntary functions
autonomic nervous system
971
brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
972
fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
972
fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
973
mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recovery is usually expected
concussion
973
mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recovery is usually expected
concussion
974
brain injuries; a bruised brain caused when the force of a blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessels
contusion
974
brain injuries; a bruised brain caused when the force of a blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessels
contusion
975
bony structure making up the forehead; top; back; and upper sides of the skull
cranium
976
bony structure making up the forehead; top; back; and upper sides of the skull
cranium
976
area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve
dermatome
977
area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve
dermatome
977
opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes from the brain
foramen magnum
978
opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes from the brain
foramen magnum
978
head injury; a collection of blood within the skull or brain
hematoma
979
head injury; a collection of blood within the skull or brain
hematoma
979
pushing of a portion of the brain through the foramen magnum as a result of increased intracranial pressure
herniation
980
pushing of a portion of the brain through the foramen magnum as a result of increased intracranial pressure
herniation
980
pressure in the skull
intracranial pressure (ICP)
981
pressure in the skull
intracranial pressure (ICP)
982
brain injuries; a cut to the brain
laceration
983
brain injuries; a cut to the brain
laceration
984
cheek bone; AKA zygomatic bone
malar
985
cheek bone; AKA zygomatic bone
malar
986
lower jaw bone
mandible
987
lower jaw bone
mandible
987
two fused bones forming the upper jaw
maxillae
988
form the upper third or bridge of the nose
nasal bones
988
form the upper third or bridge of the nose
nasal bones
989
overall control of thought; sensation; and the body's voluntary and involuntary motor functions Components are brain; spinal cord; nerves that enter and exit the brain and spinal cord and extend to the various parts of the body
nervous system
989
overall control of thought; sensation; and the body's voluntary and involuntary motor functions Components are brain; spinal cord; nerves that enter and exit the brain and spinal cord and extend to the various parts of the body
nervous system
990
state of shock (hypoperfussion) caused by nerve paralysis that sometimes develops from spinal cord injuries
neurogenic shock
990
state of shock (hypoperfussion) caused by nerve paralysis that sometimes develops from spinal cord injuries
neurogenic shock
991
the bony structures around the eyes the eye sockets
orbits
991
the bony structures around the eyes the eye sockets
orbits
992
the nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae; the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord and all of the body's other motor and sensory nerves
peripheral nervous system
992
the nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae; the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord and all of the body's other motor and sensory nerves
peripheral nervous system
993
bony bump on a vertebra
spinous process
993
bony bump on a vertebra
spinous process
994
bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. There is a right and a left temporal bone.
temporal bone
994
bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. There is a right and a left temporal bone.
temporal bone
995
movable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bone; the TMJ
temporomandibular joint
995
movable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bone; the TMJ
temporomandibular joint
996
bones of the spinal column (singular vertebra)
vertebrae
996
bones of the spinal column (singular vertebra)
vertebrae
997
more than one serious injury
multiple trauma
997
more than one serious injury
multiple trauma
998
one or more injuries that affect more than one body system
multisystems trauma
999
system of evaluating trauma patients according to a numerical rating system to determine the severity of the patient's trauma
trauma score
999
system of evaluating trauma patients according to a numerical rating system to determine the severity of the patient's trauma
trauma score
1000
application of external heat to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient
active rewarming
1000
application of external heat to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient
active rewarming
1001
gas bubble in the bloodstream plural is air emboli more accurate term is arterial gas embolism (AGE)
air embolism
1002
application of heat to the lateral chest; neck; armpits; and groin of a hypothermic patient
central rewarming
1002
application of heat to the lateral chest; neck; armpits; and groin of a hypothermic patient
central rewarming
1003
transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact
conduction
1003
transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact
conduction
1004
carrying away of heat by the currents of air; water; or other gases or liquids
convection
1005
condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the body's tissues; caused by coming up too quickly from a deep; prolonged dive. Sypmtoms deep pain the the muscles and joints
decompression sickness
1005
condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the body's tissues; caused by coming up too quickly from a deep; prolonged dive. Sypmtoms deep pain the the muscles and joints
decompression sickness
1006
process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid; which may result in death; morbidity (illness or other adverse effects) or no morbidity
drowning
1006
process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid; which may result in death; morbidity (illness or other adverse effects) or no morbidity
drowning
1007
change from liquid to gas. When the body perspires or gets wet; evaporation of the perspiration or other liquid into the air has a cooling effect on the body
evaporation
1007
change from liquid to gas. When the body perspires or gets wet; evaporation of the perspiration or other liquid into the air has a cooling effect on the body
evaporation
1008
increase in body temperature above normal; which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme
yperthermia
1008
increase in body temperature above normal; which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme
yperthermia
1266
hypothermia
cooing that reduces body temperature below normal; which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme
1267
local cooling
cooling or freezing of particular (local) parts of the body
1268
passive rewarming
covering a hypothermic patient and taking other steps to prevent further heat loss and help the body rewarm
1269
radiation
sending out energy such as heat; in waves into space
1270
respiration
breathing During respiration body heat is lost as warm air is exhaled from the body
1271
toxins
substances produced by animals or plants that are poisonous to humans
1272
venom
toxin (poison) produced by certain animals such as snakes; spiders; and some marine life forms
1273
water chill
chilling caused by conduction of heat from the body when the body or clothing is wet
1274
wind chill
chilling caused by convection of heat from the body in the presence of air currents
1275
abortion
spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced termination of pregnancy
1276
abruptio placentae
condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall; a cause of prebirth bleeding
1277
afterbirth
placenta; membranes of the amniotic sac; part of the umbilical cord; and some tissues from the lining of the uterus that are delivered after the birth of the baby
1278
amniotic sac
bag that surrounds the developing fetus
1279
Braxton-Hicks
contractions irregular prelabor contractions of the uterus
1280
breech presentation
baby's buttocks or both legs appear first during birth
1281
cephalic presentation
baby appears head first during birth. Normal presentation
1282
cervix
neck of the uterus at the entrance to the birth canal
1283
crowning
part of the baby is visible through the vaginal opening
1284
eclampsia
severe complication of pregnancy that produces seizures and coma
1285
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of the fertilized egg is not in the body of the uterus; occurring instead in the fallopian tube (oviduct); cervix; or abdominopelvic cavity
1286
embryo
baby from fertilization to 8 weeks of development
1287
fallopian tube
narrow tube that connects the ovary to the uterus. Also called the oviduct.
1288
fetus
baby from 8 weeks of development to birth
1289
induced abortion
expulsion of a fetus as a result of deliberate actions taken to stop the pregnancy
1290
labia
soft tissues that protect the entrance to the vagina
1291
labor
three stages of the delivery of a baby that begin with the contraction of the uterus and end with the expulsion of the placenta
1292
lightening
sensation of the fetus moving from high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal
1293
limb presentation
when an infants' limb protrudes from high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal
1294
limb presentation
when an infant's limb protrudes from the vagina before the appearance of any other body part
1295
meconium staining
amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow rather than clear as a result of fetal defecation; an indication of possible maternal or fetal distress during labor
1296
miscarriage
see spontaneous abortion
1297
mons pubis
soft tissue that covers the pubic symphysis area where hair grows as a woman reaches puberty
1298
multiple birth
when more than one baby is born during a single delivery
1299
neonate
a newly born infant or an infant less than 1 month old
1300
ovary
female reproductive organ that produces ova
1301
oviduct
fallopian tube
1302
ovulation
phase of eh female reproductive cycle in which an ovum is released from the ovary
1303
perineum
surface area between the vagina and anus
1304
placenta
organ of pregnancy where exchange of o2; nutrients; and wastes occurs between a mother and fetus
1305
placenta previa
condition where the placenta is formed in an abnormal location (low in the uterus and close to or over the cervical opening) that will not allow for a normal deliveryof the fetus a cause of excessive prebbirth bleeding
1306
preeclamsia
woman retains large amounts of fluid and has hypertension during pregnancy May also experience seizures and/or coma during birth; also dangerous to infant
1307
premature infant
newborn weighing less than 5.5 lbs or born before 37th week
1308
prolapsed umbilical cord
cord presents first and is squeeazed between the vaginal wall and the baby's head
1309
spontaneous abortion
when fetus and placenta deliver before 28th week AKA miscarriage
1310
stillborn
born dead
1311
supine hypotensive syndrome
dizziness and a drop in blood pressure caused when the mother is in a supine position and the weight of the uterus; infant; placenta; and amniotic fluid compress the inferior vena cava; reducing return of blood to the heart and cardiac output
1312
umbilical cord
fetal structure containing the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the placenta
1313
uterus
muscular abdominal organ where the fetus develops; the womb
1314
vagina
birth canal
1315
fontanelle
soft spot on an infant's anterior scalp formed by the joining of not yet fused bones of the skull
1316
pediatric
patient not yet reached puberty
1317
retractions
pulling in of the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing Typically a sign of respiratory distress in children
1318
autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
developmental disorders that affect the ability to communicate; report medical conditions; self-regulate behaviors; and interact with others
1319
automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD)
device iplanted under the skin of the chest to detect any life-threatening dysrhythmia and deliver a shock to defibrillate the heart
1320
bariatrics
branch of medicine that deals with the causes of obesity as well as its prevention ond treatment
1321
central IV catheter
a catheter surgically inserted for long-term delivery of midications or fluids into the central cirulation
1322
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
device worn by a patient that blows oxygen or air under constant low pressure through a tube and mask to keep airway passages from collapsing at the end of a breath
1323
dialysis
process of filtering the blood to remove toxic or unwanted wastes and fluids
1324
disability
physical; emotional; behavioral; or cognitive condition that interferes with a person's ability to carry out everyday tasks; such as working or caring for oneself
1325
feeding tube
tube used to provide delivery of nutrients to the stomach A nasogastric feeding tube is inserted through the nose and into the stomach; a gastric feeding tube is surgically implanted through the abdominal wall and into the stomach
1326
left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
battery-powered mechanical pump implanted in the body to assist a failing left ventricle in pumping blood to the body
1327
obesity
condition of having too much body fat; defined as a body mass index of 30 or greater
1328
ostomy bag
an external pouch that collects fecal matter diverted from the colon or ileum through a surgical opening (colostomy or ileostomy) in the abdominal wall.
1329
pacemaker
device implanted under the skin with wires implanted into the heart to modify the heart rate as needed to maintain an adequate heart rate
1330
stoma
surgically created opening into the body; as with a tracheostomy; colostomy; or ileostomy
1331
tracheostomy
surgical opening in the neck into the trachea
1332
urinary catheter
tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder
1333
ventilator
a device that brathes for a patient
1334
cold zone
where the Incident Command post and support functions are located
1335
command
first on the scene to establish order and initiate the Incident Command System (ICS)
1336
decontamination
chemical and/or physical process that reduces or prevents the spread of contamination from persons or equipment; the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude foreseeable health effects
1337
disaster plan
predefined set of instructions for a community's emergency responders
1338
hazardous material
any substance or material in a form which poses an unreasonable risk to health; safety; and property when transported in commerce
1339
hot zone
area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident; extends far enough to prevent adverse effects outside the zone
1340
incident command
person or persons who assume overall direction of an incident
1341
incident command system (ICS)
subset of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
1342
multiple-casualty incident (MCI)
any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients
1343
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
management system used by federal; state; and local governments to manage emergencies in the US
1344
single incident command
command organization in which a single agency controls all resources and operations
1345
staging area
area where ambulances are parked and other resources are held until needed
1346
staging supervisor
person responsible for overseeing ambulances and ambulance personnel at a multiple-casualty incident.
1347
transportation supervisor
person responsible for communicating with wector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a multiple-casualty incident
1348
treatment area
area in which patients are treated at a multiple-casualty incident
1349
treatment supervisor
person responsible for overseeing treatment of patients who have been triaged at multiple-casualty incident
1350
triage
process of quickly assessing patients at a multiple casualty incident and assigning each a priority for receiveing treatment
1351
triage area
where secondary triage takes place at a multiple-casualty incident
1352
triage supervisor
person responsible for overseeing triage at a multiple-casualty incident
1353
triage supervisor
person responsible for overseeing triage at a multiple-casualty incident
1354
triage bag
color-coded tag indicating the priority group to which a patient has been assigned
1355
unified command
command organization in which several agencies work independently but cooperatively
1356
warm zone
area where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take place; it includes control points for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination
1357
contamination
contact with or presence of a material (contaminant) that is present where it does not belong and that is somehow harmful to persons; animals; or the environment
1358
dissemination
spreading
1359
domestic terrorism
terrorism directed against the government or population without foreign direction.
1360
exposure
dose or concentration of an agent multiplied by the time; or duration
1361
international terrorism
terrorism that is foreign-based or directed
1362
permeation
movement of a substance through a surface or on a molecular level; through intact materials penetration; or spreading
1363
rem
roentgen equivalent (in) man; a measure of radiation dosage
1364
routes of entry
pathways into the bod; generally by absorption; ingestionm; injection; or inhalation
1365
secondary devices
destructive devices; such as bombs; placed to be activated after an initial attack and timed to injure emergency responders and others who rush in to help care for those targeted by an initial attack
1366
strategies
broad general plans designed to achieve desired outcomes
1367
tactics
specific operational actions to accomplish assigned tasks
1368
terrorism
unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government; the civilian population or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives
1369
weaponization
packageing or producing a material; such as a chemical; biological; or radiological agent; so that it can be used as a weapon
1370
weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
weapons; devices; or agents intended to cause widespread harm and/or fear among a population
1371
zoonotic
able to move through the animal-human barrier; transmissible from animals to humans
1372
cooing that reduces body temperature below normal; which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme
hypothermia
1373
cooling or freezing of particular (local) parts of the body
local cooling
1374
covering a hypothermic patient and taking other steps to prevent further heat loss and help the body rewarm
passive rewarming
1375
sending out energy such as heat; in waves into space
radiation
1376
breathing During respiration body heat is lost as warm air is exhaled from the body
respiration
1377
substances produced by animals or plants that are poisonous to humans
toxins
1378
toxin (poison) produced by certain animals such as snakes; spiders; and some marine life forms
venom
1379
chilling caused by conduction of heat from the body when the body or clothing is wet
water chill
1380
chilling caused by convection of heat from the body in the presence of air currents
wind chill
1381
spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced termination of pregnancy
abortion
1382
condition in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall; a cause of prebirth bleeding
abruptio placentae
1383
placenta; membranes of the amniotic sac; part of the umbilical cord; and some tissues from the lining of the uterus that are delivered after the birth of the baby
afterbirth
1384
bag that surrounds the developing fetus
amniotic sac
1385
contractions irregular prelabor contractions of the uterus
Braxton-Hicks
1386
baby's buttocks or both legs appear first during birth
breech presentation
1387
baby appears head first during birth. Normal presentation
cephalic presentation
1388
neck of the uterus at the entrance to the birth canal
cervix
1389
part of the baby is visible through the vaginal opening
crowning
1390
severe complication of pregnancy that produces seizures and coma
eclampsia
1391
implantation of the fertilized egg is not in the body of the uterus; occurring instead in the fallopian tube (oviduct); cervix; or abdominopelvic cavity
ectopic pregnancy
1392
baby from fertilization to 8 weeks of development
embryo
1393
narrow tube that connects the ovary to the uterus. Also called the oviduct.
fallopian tube
1394
baby from 8 weeks of development to birth
fetus
1395
expulsion of a fetus as a result of deliberate actions taken to stop the pregnancy
induced abortion
1396
soft tissues that protect the entrance to the vagina
labia
1397
three stages of the delivery of a baby that begin with the contraction of the uterus and end with the expulsion of the placenta
labor
1398
sensation of the fetus moving from high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal
lightening
1399
when an infants' limb protrudes from high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal
limb presentation
1400
when an infant's limb protrudes from the vagina before the appearance of any other body part
limb presentation
1401
amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow rather than clear as a result of fetal defecation; an indication of possible maternal or fetal distress during labor
meconium staining
1402
see spontaneous abortion
miscarriage
1403
soft tissue that covers the pubic symphysis area where hair grows as a woman reaches puberty
mons pubis
1404
when more than one baby is born during a single delivery
multiple birth
1405
a newly born infant or an infant less than 1 month old
neonate
1406
female reproductive organ that produces ova
ovary
1407
fallopian tube
oviduct
1408
phase of eh female reproductive cycle in which an ovum is released from the ovary
ovulation
1409
surface area between the vagina and anus
perineum
1410
organ of pregnancy where exchange of o2; nutrients; and wastes occurs between a mother and fetus
placenta
1411
condition where the placenta is formed in an abnormal location (low in the uterus and close to or over the cervical opening) that will not allow for a normal deliveryof the fetus a cause of excessive prebbirth bleeding
placenta previa
1412
woman retains large amounts of fluid and has hypertension during pregnancy May also experience seizures and/or coma during birth; also dangerous to infant
preeclamsia
1413
newborn weighing less than 5.5 lbs or born before 37th week
premature infant
1414
cord presents first and is squeeazed between the vaginal wall and the baby's head
prolapsed umbilical cord
1415
when fetus and placenta deliver before 28th week AKA miscarriage
spontaneous abortion
1416
born dead
stillborn
1417
dizziness and a drop in blood pressure caused when the mother is in a supine position and the weight of the uterus; infant; placenta; and amniotic fluid compress the inferior vena cava; reducing return of blood to the heart and cardiac output
supine hypotensive syndrome
1418
fetal structure containing the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the placenta
umbilical cord
1419
muscular abdominal organ where the fetus develops; the womb
uterus
1420
birth canal
vagina
1421
soft spot on an infant's anterior scalp formed by the joining of not yet fused bones of the skull
fontanelle
1422
patient not yet reached puberty
pediatric
1423
pulling in of the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing Typically a sign of respiratory distress in children
retractions
1424
developmental disorders that affect the ability to communicate; report medical conditions; self-regulate behaviors; and interact with others
autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
1425
device iplanted under the skin of the chest to detect any life-threatening dysrhythmia and deliver a shock to defibrillate the heart
automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD)
1426
branch of medicine that deals with the causes of obesity as well as its prevention ond treatment
bariatrics
1427
a catheter surgically inserted for long-term delivery of midications or fluids into the central cirulation
central IV catheter
1428
device worn by a patient that blows oxygen or air under constant low pressure through a tube and mask to keep airway passages from collapsing at the end of a breath
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
1429
process of filtering the blood to remove toxic or unwanted wastes and fluids
dialysis
1430
physical; emotional; behavioral; or cognitive condition that interferes with a person's ability to carry out everyday tasks; such as working or caring for oneself
disability
1431
tube used to provide delivery of nutrients to the stomach A nasogastric feeding tube is inserted through the nose and into the stomach; a gastric feeding tube is surgically implanted through the abdominal wall and into the stomach
feeding tube
1432
battery-powered mechanical pump implanted in the body to assist a failing left ventricle in pumping blood to the body
left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
1433
condition of having too much body fat; defined as a body mass index of 30 or greater
obesity
1434
an external pouch that collects fecal matter diverted from the colon or ileum through a surgical opening (colostomy or ileostomy) in the abdominal wall.
ostomy bag
1435
device implanted under the skin with wires implanted into the heart to modify the heart rate as needed to maintain an adequate heart rate
pacemaker
1436
surgically created opening into the body; as with a tracheostomy; colostomy; or ileostomy
stoma
1437
surgical opening in the neck into the trachea
tracheostomy
1438
tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder
urinary catheter
1439
a device that brathes for a patient
ventilator
1440
where the Incident Command post and support functions are located
cold zone
1441
first on the scene to establish order and initiate the Incident Command System (ICS)
command
1442
chemical and/or physical process that reduces or prevents the spread of contamination from persons or equipment; the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude foreseeable health effects
decontamination
1443
predefined set of instructions for a community's emergency responders
disaster plan
1444
any substance or material in a form which poses an unreasonable risk to health; safety; and property when transported in commerce
hazardous material
1445
area immediately surrounding a hazmat incident; extends far enough to prevent adverse effects outside the zone
hot zone
1446
person or persons who assume overall direction of an incident
incident command
1447
subset of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
incident command system (ICS)
1448
any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients
multiple-casualty incident (MCI)
1449
management system used by federal; state; and local governments to manage emergencies in the US
National Incident Management System (NIMS)
1450
command organization in which a single agency controls all resources and operations
single incident command
1451
area where ambulances are parked and other resources are held until needed
staging area
1452
person responsible for overseeing ambulances and ambulance personnel at a multiple-casualty incident.
staging supervisor
1453
person responsible for communicating with wector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a multiple-casualty incident
transportation supervisor
1454
area in which patients are treated at a multiple-casualty incident
treatment area
1455
person responsible for overseeing treatment of patients who have been triaged at multiple-casualty incident
treatment supervisor
1456
process of quickly assessing patients at a multiple casualty incident and assigning each a priority for receiveing treatment
triage
1457
where secondary triage takes place at a multiple-casualty incident
triage area
1458
person responsible for overseeing triage at a multiple-casualty incident
triage supervisor
1459
person responsible for overseeing triage at a multiple-casualty incident
triage supervisor
1460
color-coded tag indicating the priority group to which a patient has been assigned
triage bag
1461
command organization in which several agencies work independently but cooperatively
unified command
1462
area where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take place; it includes control points for the access corridor and thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination
warm zone
1463
contact with or presence of a material (contaminant) that is present where it does not belong and that is somehow harmful to persons; animals; or the environment
contamination
1464
spreading
dissemination
1465
terrorism directed against the government or population without foreign direction.
domestic terrorism
1466
dose or concentration of an agent multiplied by the time; or duration
exposure
1467
terrorism that is foreign-based or directed
international terrorism
1468
movement of a substance through a surface or on a molecular level; through intact materials penetration; or spreading
permeation
1469
roentgen equivalent (in) man; a measure of radiation dosage
rem
1470
pathways into the bod; generally by absorption; ingestionm; injection; or inhalation
routes of entry
1471
destructive devices; such as bombs; placed to be activated after an initial attack and timed to injure emergency responders and others who rush in to help care for those targeted by an initial attack
secondary devices
1472
broad general plans designed to achieve desired outcomes
strategies
1473
specific operational actions to accomplish assigned tasks
tactics
1474
unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government; the civilian population or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives
terrorism
1475
packageing or producing a material; such as a chemical; biological; or radiological agent; so that it can be used as a weapon
weaponization
1476
weapons; devices; or agents intended to cause widespread harm and/or fear among a population
weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
1477
able to move through the animal-human barrier; transmissible from animals to humans
zoonotic
