EMT 205-1

Question 1

any substance taken by mouth injected into a muscle, blood vessel, or cavity of the body, or applied topically to treat or prevent a disease or condition

Answer 1

drug

Question 2

what are the 5 major sources that drugs are derived from

Answer 2

plants
humans and animals
minerals
microorganisms
chemical substances created in a lab

Question 3

what four types of names can identify a drug

Answer 3

chemical name
generic name
trade name
official name

Question 4

this drug name describes a drugs molecular structure

Answer 4

chemical name

Question 5

this drug name is often an abbreviated form of the chemical name, and is used more commonly than the chemical name

Answer 5

generic name

Question 6

this drug name is a trademark name designated by the drug company that sells the medication

Answer 6

trade name

Question 7

this drug name is followed by the initials USP

Answer 7

official name

Question 8

the official book of drug standards in the United States is called the

Answer 8

United States Pharmacopeia

Question 9

when drug actions are desirable they are said to have a ____ effect

Answer 9

therapeutic

Question 10

when drug actions are undesirable or even harmful they are called ____ effects

Answer 10

side

Question 11

drugs do not confer any new functions on a tissue or organ, they only….

Answer 11

modify existing effects

Question 12

a drug that interacts with a receptor to stimulate a response is known as an…

Answer 12

agonist

Question 13

a drug that attaches to a receptor but does not stimulate a response is called an ….

Answer 13

antagonist

Question 14

pharmaceutics is the….

Answer 14

science of dispensing drugs

Question 15

the term dissolution refers to the rate at which…..

Answer 15

a solid drug goes into solution after ingestion

Question 16

what must happen for drugs to cross the cell membranes to achieve absorption

Answer 16

they must be in solution

Question 17

_________ involves the movement of drug molecules from the entry site to the general circulation

Answer 17

absorption

Question 18

the degree to which drugs attain pharmacological activity depends partly on the

Answer 18

rate and extent to which they are absorbed, which depend on the ability of the drug to cross the cell membrane

Question 19

how do most drugs cross cell membranes

Answer 19

passive diffusion

Question 20

what factors does the rate of drug absorption depend on

Answer 20

nature of absorbing surface
blood flow to site of administration
solubility of drug
pH of drug environment
drug concentration
form of drug dosage

Question 21

drugs administered via the enteral route are administered where

Answer 21

any portion of GI tract

Question 22

the length of time a medication remains in the stomach depends on….

Answer 22

pH of the environment

gastric motility

Question 23

why does the intestine have a larger absorption area than the stomach

Answer 23

has a rich blood supply

Question 24

how much of a drug that is administered rectally bypasses the liver

Answer 24

50%

Question 25

why is drug absorption at the rectum erratic

Answer 25

rectal contents local drug irritation uncertainty of drug retention

Question 26

the parenteral route of drug administration is any route that does not utilize the

Answer 26

GI tract

Question 27

why is drug absorption in the lungs rapid

Answer 27

large surface area and capillary network of the alveoli

Question 28

what are the two general processes that create drug reservoirs

Answer 28

plasma protein binding | tissue binding

Question 29

what is the main plasma protein that drugs bind to

Answer 29

albumin

Question 30

the blood brain barrier consists of a single layer of capillary endothelial cells, this arrangement allows only ______ drugs to be distributed into the brain and CSF

Answer 30

lipid soluble

Question 31

what are examples drugs that can pass through the placental barrier

Answer 31

antibiotics steroids narcotics

Question 32

what two processes does the body use to eliminate drugs

Answer 32

biotransformation | excretion

Question 33

a process in which drugs are chemically converted to matabolites

Answer 33

biotransformation

Question 34

where does biotransformation primarily take place, what are other sites that it takes place

Answer 34

``` the liver (primary) kidneys plasma lungs intestinal mucosa ```

Question 35

the process that occurs when orally administered drugs that are absorbed through the GI tract pass through the liver before entering the systemic circulation

Answer 35

first pass metabolism

Question 36

what happens in first pass metabolism

Answer 36

a large amount of the drug is metabolized before reaching systemic circulation, which reduces the amount of the drug that is available for distribution

Question 37

the primary organ for excretion is the

Answer 37

kidneys

Question 38

the 3 mechanisms of renal excretion are

Answer 38

passive glomerular filtration active tubular secretion partial reabsorption

Question 39

why are pediatric patients more sensitive to drugs than adults

Answer 39

immature hepatic and renal systems

Question 40

why are geriatric patients more sensitive to drugs than younger adults

Answer 40

decline in hepatic and renal systems

Question 41

drug doses for children who weigh less than ___ lb and are younger than ____ years old are always based on body mass

Answer 41

150 | 18

Question 42

what determines a drugs biological half life

Answer 42

rate of biotransformation and excretion of the drug

Question 43

what is a drugs biological half life

Answer 43

the time it takes to metabolize or eliminate 50% of a drug in the body

Question 44

a drug is considered to be eliminated from the body after

Answer 44

5 half lives have passed

Question 45

the therapeutic index is a measurement of the relative safety of a drug and represents the ratio between what two factors

Answer 45

lethal dose 50 | effective dose 50

Question 46

why might higher doses of water soluble drugs be necessary for infants

Answer 46

proportionally higher volumes of total body water higher ratio of ecf to icf thus higher doses may be needed for effective blood volumes

Question 47

protein binding of drugs is reduced in infants, therefore the concentration of

Answer 47

free drug in plasma is increased | can result in greater drug effect or toxicity

Question 48

the blood brain barrier in infants is _____ _____ than in adults

Answer 48

less effective

Question 49

what agency is responsible for regulating biological products

Answer 49

public health service

Question 50

the agency that is the sole legal drug enforcement body in the US

Answer 50

drug enforcement agency

Question 51

what schedule are heroin, weed, tetrahydrocannabinols

Answer 51

schedule 1

Question 52

what schedule is morphine, fentanyl, cocaine

Answer 52

schedule 2

Question 53

the study of how a drug acts on a living organism

Answer 53

pharmacodynamics

Question 54

the study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time

Answer 54

pharmacokinetics