EMT-Basic

Question 1

A 53-year-old female has intentionally ingested a large amount of Valium. The EMT would recognize that the medication is being absorbed into the body through what structure?

Answer 1

Small intine

Question 2

Aspirin Contraindications

Answer 2

Allergy to drug and bleeding disorders

Question 3

Aspirin Indications for use

Answer 3

S/S of ischemic chest pain and suspected myocardial infarction

Question 4

Aspirin drug action

Answer 4

impede blood clotting by making platelets slippery

Question 5

Perfusion Triangle

Answer 5

Heat (pump), Blood (content) and blood vessels (container)

Question 6

Vasodilation

Answer 6

Dilation of blood vessels - reduces amount of blood returning to theheart.

Question 7

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 7

Constriction of the bronchioles causes decreased movement of air in the lungs.

Question 8

Normal blood glucose level

Answer 8

70 - 120mg

Question 9

S/S of hypoglycemia

Answer 9

confusion, rapid respirations, pale, moist skin, diaphoresis, dizziness, fainting

Question 10

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 10

Develops in middle age and can be controlled with diet, activity and oral meds

Question 11

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 11

typically develops in childhood and requires daily insulin to control blood glucose.

Question 12

Common causes of altered mental status

Answer 12

hypoglycemia, intoxication, drug overdose and poisoning

Question 13

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 13

Normal body processes break up the blood clot, restoring blood flow and ending symptom in less than 24hrs

Question 14

Three neurologic tests to perform if you suspect stroke

Answer 14

testing speech, facial movement and arm movement

Question 15

Parts of the syringe and needle

Answer 15

plunger, barrel, tip, hub, shaft and bevel

Question 16

Where do you inject the Epi-pen?

Answer 16

lateral thigh midway between waist and knee

Question 17

Epinephrine dosage

Answer 17

adult 0.3mg

ped 0.15mg less than 60lbs

Question 18

Epinephrine drug action

Answer 18

vasoconstriction and bronchodilator

Question 19

Five Rights

Answer 19

Right Med, Right Patient, Right Route, Right dose and right date

Question 20

AVPU

Answer 20

Alert, Verbal stimulus, painful stimulus and unresponsive

Question 21

Floor of the skull

Answer 21

Basilar skull

Question 22

Glucagon Dose

Answer 22

1mg

0.5mg ped under 44lbs

Question 23

Glucagon Action

Answer 23

raises blood glucose by stimulating liver to release stored glycogen and converting fat proteins to glucose

Question 24

Nitroglycerin Dose

Answer 24

0.4mg sublingually every 3-5min for 15 min

Question 25

Nitroglycerin contraindications

Answer 25

Hypotension systolic under 100 | Use of sildenafil

Question 26

Nitrolglycein indications for use

Answer 26

Chest pain of cardiac origin and acute congestive failure

Question 27

Nitrolglycerin action

Answer 27

Vasodilator and decreases venous return

Question 28

Aspirin Dose

Answer 28

162- 324mg low dose chewable tablets

Question 29

A patient's glucose (sugar) level in his blood begins to drop. What organ would be affected first?

Answer 29

Brain

Question 30

For the patient with a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring?

Answer 30

The blood vessels are constricting

Question 31

The EMT exhibits and accurate understanding of breathing when he states:

Answer 31

Inhalation requires energy, while exhalation for post patients is a passive process."

Question 32

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which one of the following occurs?

Answer 32

exhalation

Question 33

You are securing a patient to the long backboard. What indicates the appropriate order for securing the straps?

Answer 33

Chest, head, pelvis, legs

Question 34

You are performing a secondary assessment and are assessing your patient's chest. What findings do you associate most with fracture of the ribs?

Answer 34

Paradoxical chest wall motion

Question 35

The left atrium:

Answer 35

Receives blood from the pulmonary veins.

Question 36

Stroke Volume

Answer 36

volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction

Question 37

Heart rate

Answer 37

the number of times the heart contracts in 1 minute.

Question 38

Cardiac output

Answer 38

amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in 1 minute

Question 39

Signs of adequate breathing

Answer 39

normal respiratory rate, clear and equal breath sounds, adequate air movement heard and felt from nose/mouth, good chest rise and fall

Question 40

Tachypnea

Answer 40

excessively rapid breathing rate

Question 41

Apnea

Answer 41

Patient stops breathing

Question 42

Respiratory failure

Answer 42

when respiratory rate and/or tidal volume is insufficient

Question 43

Agonal respirations

Answer 43

gasping type breaths, totally ineffective respirations

Question 44

Assess Circulation

Answer 44

Pulse - rate, quality and rhythm Major bleeding Skin - Color, temperature and condition

Question 45

Assess the head

Answer 45

deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, lacerations or swelling

Question 46

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 46

clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and the spinal cord

Question 47

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 47

obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries leads to hypoxia

Question 48

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Answer 48

sudden rupture of a portion of the visceral lining of the lung not caused by trauma, that causes the lung to partially collapse

Question 49

Simple partial seizures

Answer 49

Muscle twitching localized to one part of the body | Patient responsive and aware of occurrence

Question 50

Complex partial seizures

Answer 50

1-2 minute duration Blank stare exhibited by patient No response to commands

Question 51

Febrile seizures

Answer 51

Caused by rapid climb of high fever Short in duration Common in children

Question 52

Metabolic shock

Answer 52

Imbalance between production and elimination of acids, causing fluid imbalances and weakened vessel of the vascular system. Patients with diabetes are susceptible to this

Question 53

Peritonitis

Answer 53

Inflammation of the lining of the peritoneum that can be life threatening

Question 54

Peritonitis s/s

Answer 54

Abdomen becomes rigid and painful | High fever and chills

Question 55

Inability of the heart to pump properly resulting in an excessive back up of fluids in either the lungs, extremities or both

Answer 55

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 56

Fluid backs up into the lungs

Answer 56

Left side failure

Question 57

Fluid back up in the extremities

Answer 57

Right side failure

Question 58

Dilation or ballooning of a weakened section of the aorta

Answer 58

Aneurysm

Question 59

Vest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive adequate amounts of oxygen to meet the demands of the heart muscle

Answer 59

Angina pectoris

Question 60

Carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Answer 60

Arteries

Question 61

Carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Answer 61

Pulmonary vein

Question 62

Clot migrates to a vessel in the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow resulting in a ventilation - perfusion mismatch

Answer 62

Pulmonary embolism

Question 63

Ipratropium drug action

Answer 63

Bronchodilator

Question 64

Ipratropium indications for use

Answer 64

Maintenance therapy in patients with copd

Question 65

Ipratropium contraindications

Answer 65

Allergy to drug, inability to use device

Question 66

Iprateopium dose

Answer 66

Adult 0.5mg nebulized with 2.5ml saline | Ped less than 12 yrs 0.25mg

Question 67

Sound that occurs when air is being forced through narrow airways. Common in asthma, allergic reactions, and partial airway obstruction.

Answer 67

Wheezing. Wheezing is continuous, high pitched musical squeak

Question 68

Fast pulse you should consider

Answer 68

Shock, anxiety, cardiac arrhythmia, hypoxia, exertion, fright, increased bp, first date of blood loss

Question 69

Pulse slow rate considerations

Answer 69

Intracranial pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, late hypoxia, spinal cord injury, head injury or gold physical condition