EMT Basic Medications (Drug Box)

Question 1

Activated Charcoal (Action)

Answer 1

adsorbs toxic substances from the GI tract

Question 2

Activated Charcoal (Indication)

Answer 2

most oral poisoning and medication overdoses

Question 3

Activated Charcoal (Contraindications)

Answer 3

patient is comatose; ingestions of corrosives, causetics, and petroleum distillates

Question 4

Activate Charcoal (Routes)

Answer 4

PO

Question 5

Activated Charcoal (Interactions)

Answer 5

bonds with and generally inactivates whatever it is mixed with

Question 6

Activated Charcoal (Adult dose)

Answer 6

1-2 g/kg

Question 7

Activated Charcoal (Special Considerations)

Answer 7

pregnancy class C; mix thoroughly before administration

Question 8

Aspirin (Action)

Answer 8

prevents formation of thromboxane A2

Question 9

Aspirin (Indications)

Answer 9

acute chest pain

Question 10

Aspirin (Contraindications)

Answer 10

active ulcer disease; asthma

Question 11

Aspirin (Route)

Answer 11

PO

Question 12

Aspirin (Side Effects)

Answer 12

Bronchospasm; anaphylaxis; wheezing in allergic patients; prolonged hemorrhage

Question 13

Activated Charcoal (Side Effects)

Answer 13

Can induce fatal form of pneumonitis if aspirated

Question 14

Aspirin (Interactions)

Answer 14

use with caution in patients allergic to NSAIDs

Question 15

Aspirin (Adult Dose)

Answer 15

162-324 mg

Question 16

Aspirin (Special Considerations)

Answer 16

pregnancy class D

Question 17

Albuterol (Action)

Answer 17

selective beta-2 agonist

Question 18

Albuterol (indications)

Answer 18

bronchospasm

Question 19

Albuterol (Contraindications)

Answer 19

tachycardia; dysrhythmias

Question 20

Albuterol (Routes)

Answer 20

Inhaled

Question 21

Albuterol (Side Effects)

Answer 21

headache; fatigue; tachycardia

Question 22

Albuterol (Interactions)

Answer 22

beta-blockers may block pulmonary effects

Question 23

Albuterol (Adult Dose)

Answer 23

2.5 - 5 mg in 3 mL NS (each)

Question 24

Albuterol (Special Considerations)

Answer 24

pregnancy class C; coach patient on proper breathing during administration

Question 25

Epinephrine (1:1,000) Epipen (Action)

Answer 25

alpha and beta agonist

Question 26

   Epinephrine (1:1,000) [Epi-pen] (Indications)

Answer 26

allergic reaction; anaphylaxis

Question 27

Epinephrine (1:1,000) [Epi-pen] (Contraindications)

Answer 27

none in the emergency setting

Question 28

Epinephrine (1:1,000) [Epi-pen] (Routes)

Answer 28

IM

Question 29

Epinephrine (1:1,000) [Epi-pen] (Side Effects)

Answer 29

hypertension; tachycardia

Question 30

Epinephrine (1:1,000) [Epi-pen] (Interactions)

Answer 30

potentiates other alpha and beta agonists

Question 31

Epinephrine (1:1,000) [Epi-pen] (Adult dose)

Answer 31

0.3 - 0.5 mg

Question 32

Epinephrine (1:1,000) [Epi-pen] (Special Considerations)

Answer 32

Pregnancy class C; contraindicated in patients in active labor

Question 33

Naloxone (Action)

Answer 33

competetive inhibition at narcotic receptor sites

Question 34

Naloxone (Indications)

Answer 34

opiate overdose with respiratory depression / arrest

Question 35

Naloxone (Contraindications)

Answer 35

use caution in patients with narcotic-dependence

Question 36

Naloxone (Routes)

Answer 36

IM, IV, IO, IN

Question 37

Naloxone (Interactions)

Answer 37

incompatible with bisulfite and alkaline solutions

Question 38

Naloxone (Adult Dose)

Answer 38

0.4 - 2 mg q 5 minutes (up to 10 mg total)

Question 39

Naloxone (Special Considerations)

Answer 39

Pregnancy class C; beware of potential violent behavior

Question 40

Nitroglycerin (Action)

Answer 40

vasodilator (smooth muscle relaxant)

Question 41

Nitroglycerin (Indications)

Answer 41

acute chest pain; HTN; pulmonary edema

Question 42

Nitroglycerin (Contraindications)

Answer 42

hypotension; head injury; pericardial tamponade

Question 43

Nitroglycerin (Routes)

Answer 43

SL

Question 44

Nitroglycerin (Side Effects)

Answer 44

headache; weakness; dizziness; hypotension

Question 45

Nitroglycerin (Interaction)

Answer 45

additive with other vasodilators

Question 46

Nitroglycerin (Adult Dose)

Answer 46

0.4 mg q 3 - 5 minutes (up to 3 doses)

Question 47

Nitroglycerin (Special Considerations)

Answer 47

Pregnancy class C; ensure vascular access is established prior to administration

Question 48

Oral Glucose (Action)

Answer 48

Absorbed into GI tract and spread systemically providing increase in circulation blood glucose levels

Question 49

Oral Glucose (Indications)

Answer 49

conscious patients with suspected hypoglycemia

Question 50

Oral Glucose (Contraindications)

Answer 50

decreased LOC; N/V

Question 51

Oral Glucose (Routes)

Answer 51

PO

Question 52

Oral Glucose (Side Effects)

Answer 52

N/V

Question 53

Oral Glucose (Interactions)

Answer 53

None

Question 54

Oral Glucose (Adult Dose)

Answer 54

25 g

Question 55

Oral Glucose (Special Considerations)

Answer 55

must be swallowed, not absorbed subligually or buccally; check BGL prior to and at least 10 minutes after administration

Question 56

Oxygen (Action)

Answer 56

reverses hypoxemia

Question 57

Oxygen (Indication)

Answer 57

hypoxemia

Question 58

Oxygen (Contraindications)

Answer 58

certain patients with COPD will not tolerate oxygen concentration over 35%; hyperventilation

Question 59

Oxygen (Routes)

Answer 59

Inhaled

Question 60

Oxygen (Side Effects)

Answer 60

decreased LOC (COPD patients); decreased respiratory drive (COPD patients)

Question 61

Oxygen (Interactions)

Answer 61

None

Question 62

Oxygen (Adult Dose)

Answer 62

100 % 10-15 lpm (NRB); 100% 1-6 lpm (NC)

Question 63

Oxygen (Special Considerations)

Answer 63

Supports combustion