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EMT VOCAB Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

WITH GOD ALL THINGS ARE POSSIBLE!!!

A
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2
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA):

A

A rapidly fatal condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel causing it to bulge.

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3
Q

Abduction:

A

motion of limb away from the midline

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4
Q

Abruptio placentae:

A

Premature seperation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus.

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5
Q

Accessory muslces:

A

The secondary muscles of respiration. They include the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids) the chest pectoralis major muscles and the abdominal muscles

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6
Q

Acetabulum:

A

The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly.

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7
Q

Acidosis

A

The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that can result from a primary illness.

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8
Q

Acute abdomen

A

A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary.

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9
Q

acute coronary syndrome (ACS):

A

A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia includes angina and myocardial infarction

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10
Q

acute myocardial infarction (AMI):

A

a heart attack: death of the heart muscle following obstuction of blood flow to it. “acute” in this context means new or happening right now.

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11
Q

adduction

A

motion of a limb toward the midline

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12
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonci, and crackles

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13
Q

aerobic metabolism

A

metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen

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14
Q

afterload

A

the force of resistance against which the heart pumps

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15
Q

agonal gasps

A

abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow gasping breaths sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest

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16
Q

agonist

A

a medication that causes stimulation of receptors

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17
Q

air embolism

A

the prescence of air in the veins which can lead to cardiac arrest if enters the heart

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18
Q

algor mortis

A

cooling of the body after death until it matches the ambient temperature (surroundings)

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19
Q

Anemic

A

Condition in which your body produces too few red blood cells which causes a decreased ability to transport oxygen throughout the body via bloodstream.

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20
Q

Aneurysm

A

Swelling or enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall

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21
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Transient (short-lived) chest discomforted caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle; also called angina

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22
Q

Angioedema

A

Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eyes and lips but can involve other body areas as well.

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23
Q

Anisocoria

A

Naturally occuring uneven pupil size.

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24
Q

Antagonist

A

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications

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25
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to remember events after an injury
26
Antipyretics
Medications that treat or reduce fever
27
Aorta
The main artery leaving the left side of the heart carrying oxygen rich blood to the body.
28
Aortic aneurysm
A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture
29
APGAR score
The scoring system for assessing the status of a newborn which gives a number value to each of the five areas (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration)
30
Aphasia
The inability to speak and/or understand speech
31
Apnea
Absence of spontaneous breathing
32
apparent life-threatening event (ALTE)
an event that causes unresponsiveness, cyanosis, and apnea in an infant, then begins breathing after stimulation
33
Appendicitis
The innflamation of the appendix
34
Appendicular skeleton
Arms, legs, pelvis and shoulder girlde.
35
Arterial air embolism
Air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels
36
Arteriosclerosis
The hardening of arteries causing calcification
37
Artery
A blood vessel containing three layers of smooth muscle and carries blood away from the heart
38
Ascites
An abnormal accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity
39
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)
Antipyretic, analgesic (reduce pain), anti-inflammatory, and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping)
40
Asthma
An acute spasm of the smaller air passages called bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages, can cause wheezing (expiratory noise)
41
Asystole
Complete abscence of all heart electrical activity
42
Ataxic respirations
Irregular ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern
43
Atelectasis
collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
44
Athersclerosis
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels forming plaque which leads to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow
45
Aura
A sensation experienced before a seizure serves as a warning sign that one is coming
46
Auscultate
to listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope
47
Ventricular fibrilation
Disorganized ineffective quivering of the ventricles resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest
48
Ventricular tachycardia
A rapid heart rhythm
49
Autonomic nervous system
Part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as heart rate blood pressure and digestion of food
50
Axial loading injuries
Injuries in which load is applied along the vertical or longitudinal axis of the spine which results in load being transmitted along the entire length of the vertebral column; falling from a height and landing on the feet in an upright position.
51
Axial skeleton
the skull, vertebral collumn, and rib cage
52
Bariatrics
branch of medicine concerned with management of obesity and allied diseases
53
Barotrauma
injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces; too much pressure in legs
54
Base station
any radio hardware containing a transmitter and reciever in a fixed place
55
Basilar skull fractures
Fractures that usually occur following diffuse impact to the head(motor vehicle crashes) generally result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull
56
Battle sign
Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture
57
Bends
common name for decompression sickness
58
Decompression sickness
A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly in which gas especially nitrogen forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues
59
Blood pressure
The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them
60
Blowout fracture
A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit
61
B-NICE
a memory device to recall the types of weapons of mass destruction; biologic nuclear incendiary chemical and explosive
62
Botulinum
Produced by bacteria and is the most powerful neurotoxin known. causes botulism when introduced into the body.
63
Bradycardia
slow heart rate less than 60 beats/min
64
Bradypnea
Slow respiratory rate an ominous sign in a child that indicates impending respiratory arrest
65
Brainstem
Area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum surrounded by the cerebellum and controls the functions necessary for life such as respiration
66
Breath-holding-syncope
Loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing stimulus
67
Breech presentation
occurs in a pregnancy when the butt comes out first
68
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virsu
69
Bronchitis
an acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue usually associated with cough and production of sputum and depending on its cause sometimes a fever
70
Buboes
Enlarged lymph nodes up to the size of a tennis ball that are characteristic in those who are infected with the bubonic plague
71
Calcaneus
The heel bone
72
Capillary refill
A test that evaluates distal circulation system function by squeezing (blanching:turning white) blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing pressure
73
Carbon dioxide retention
a condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide
74
Cardiac arrest
When the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses ae not palpable in cardiac arrest even if the muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart
75
Cardiac tamponade (pericardial tamponade)
compression of the heart as a result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac leading to decreased cardiac output
76
Cardiogenic shock
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction
77
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):
the combination of chest compressions and rescue breathing used to estabilish adequate ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse
78
Carina
point at which the trachea bifurcates (divides) into the left and right main stem bronchi
79
Carpals
small bones that comprise the wrist
80
Cavitation
speed causing a bullet to generate pressure waves which cause damage distant from the bullets path
81
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal chord
82
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
An abnormal breathing pattern associated with increased intracranial pressure that is characterized by deep rapid breathing similar to kussmaul respirations but without an acetone breath odor
83
Cerebellum
Sometimes called the little brain and coordinates the various activities of the brain particularly fine body movements
84
Cerebral edema
Swelling of the brain
85
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges
86
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function also called a STROKE
87
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain sometimes called gray matter, made up of several lobes that control movement hearing balance speech visual perception emotions and personality.
88
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
A cyclical pattern of abnormal breathing that increases and then decreases in rate and depth followed by period of apnea
89
Cholecystitis
The inflammation of the gallbladder
90
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
90
Chordae tendineae
Thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting
91
Chyme
Substance that leaves the stomach. It is a combination of all eaten food and stomach acids
92
Closed abdominal injury
An injury in which there is soft-tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact
93
Closed fracture
any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken
94
Closed head injury
Injury in which the brain has been injured but the skin has not been broken
95
Colostomy
A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the colon and the surface of the body
96
Commotio cordis
A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a persons heartbeat
97
Compartment syndrome
swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue
98
Compassion fatigue
A stress disorder characterized by gradual lessening of compassion over time
99
Compensated shock
The early stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss
100
Compliance
The ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation
101
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs
102
Conjuctiva
The delicate membrane that lines the eyelides and covers the exposed surface of the eye
103
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
104

EMT MEDS (4 decks)

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