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end of bipolarity deck Flashcards

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1
Q

when was Berlin wall built

A

1961

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2
Q

when was Berlin wall broken

A

9th November 1989

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3
Q

When did USSR come into existence

A

1917

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4
Q

what were the advantages of USSR?

A
  1. had complex communication system
  2. vast transport and communication system
  3. minimum standard of living for all
  4. govt subsidies on education and healthcare
  5. no unemployment
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5
Q

what were the disadvantages of USSR?

A
  1. was bureaucratic and authoritarian
  2. lack of democracy
  3. no freedom of speech
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6
Q

what further weakened the system in USSR?

A

Afghan Invasion

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7
Q

when did USSR invade afghan

A

1979

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8
Q

who introduced reforms in USSR? when did he become the general secretary?

A

Gorbachev, 1985

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9
Q

what reforms did gorbachev introduce

A

democratised the system and loosened relations with US

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10
Q

what hastened the process of disintegration

A

the policies of economic and political reform

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11
Q

who opposed his reforms?

A

communist party leaders

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12
Q

what is a coup? when did it take place in USSR?

A

coup is sudden seizure of power from the govt, took place in 1991

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13
Q

who was behind the coup?

A

community party headliners

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14
Q

who opposed the coup?

A

Boris Yeltsin

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15
Q

Who was Boris Yeltsin

A

He had won the elections in Russian Republic

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16
Q

When and which countries first declared that USSR was disbanded?

A

December 1991, ukraine, belarus and russia

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17
Q

What developments took place after USSR was declared disbanded?

A

Communist party was banned
capitalism and democracy were adopted
Commonwealth of States formed

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18
Q

why did USSR disintegrate?

A

internal weakness, economic stagnation, ordinary citizens who realised the disparities between US and USSR, people did not identify with the oppressive Communist Party, Gorbachev’s reforms, rise of nationalism and sovereignty in Russia, Baltic Republics, Ukraine and Georgia

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19
Q

what was the most immediate reason for USSR’s disintegration?

A

Rise of nationalism in Russia, Baltic republics, Georgia and Ukraine

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20
Q

name the baltic republics?

A

estonia, latvia, lithuania

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21
Q

what were the consequences of end of cold war?

A
  1. end of ideological war
  2. US became supreme power
  3. capitalist economy dominated the world
  4. emergence of new countries
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22
Q

what did Baltic states want after disintegration of USSR?

A

they wanted to join the EU and become part of NATO

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23
Q

what is shock therapy?

A

painful process from authoritarian socialist to democratic capitalist system. the model of transition in russia, central asia and east europe that was influenced by IMF and world bank

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24
Q

what changes took place in shock therapy?

A
  1. private ownership became dominant
  2. collective farming was scrapped
  3. private farming was practised
  4. no state controlled ownership of propery
  5. free trade became essential
  6. breaking up of existing trade alliances among the soviet bloc countries
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25
what were the consequences of shock therapy in russia?
Russia’s economy declined severely, largest garage sale took place, restructuring happened through market forces, value of Ruble fell, rate of inflation was extremely high and people lost all of their savings, russia began importing food, subsidies were withdrawn which further pushed the people in poverty, privatisation led to economic disparities, constitution was drafted in a hurry and their executive president had the widest powers
26
what happened in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan?
the presidents there appointed themselves for 10 + 10 years (2 terms of 10 years) and allowed no dissent
27
when did russia’s economy revive and how
in 2000, through export of natural oils, gas and minerals
28
which 2 republics in russia had violent _________ movements?
chechnya and dagestan, secessionist movements
29
which central asian country witnessed a civil war for 10 years, when did it end?
Tajikistan, ended in 2001
30
which province in Ajerbaijan witnessed secessionist movements to join armenia?
Nagorno-Karabakh
31
after 11th September 2001, US military wanted bases in the ______ region to fight wars with ____ and _____
central asian, afghanistan, iraq
32
which country in east europe split into 2 countries- czechs and slovaks?
Czechoslovakia
33
where did the most severe conflict take place after 1991?
Yugoslavia
34
how many bilateral agreements have been signed between india and russia, as a part of which strategic agreement of 2001?
more than 80, indo-russian strategic agreement of 2001
35
how has india benefitted from russia?
india purchases major proportion of military ammunition from russia, russia provided the cryogenic rocket when india needed it, russia uses veto in favour of india in the UN
36
when did arab spring begin?
2010
37
where did arab spring take place?
Tunisia
38
what was arab spring in its initial phase? why did it turn into a political movement?
it was initially a struggle against corruption, unemployment and poverty and turned into a political movement since the people felt that these problems were an outcome of autocratic dictatorship
39
demand for democracy started in Tunisia spread through which countries?
arab countries
40
which dictator collapsed in egypt as a result of arab spring and when?
Hosni Mubarak, who had been in power since 1979
41
where else was the influence of arab spring visible?
Bahrain, Libya, Syria and Yemen
42
when did US hegemony start?
1991
43
who was the president of Iraq when it was invaded?
Saddam Hussain
44
in what year did Iraq invade Kuwait?
1990
45
what mandate was launched by UN?
‘liberation by force’
46
who named this operation the new world order?
US president George W Bush
47
a massive coalition force of 660000 from 34 countries was assembled to defeat with country?
Iraq
48
what was this called?
operation desert storm/first gulf war
49
the force was led by who?
Norman Schwazkopf
50
who coined the term “mother of all battles”
saddam hussain
51
who was the founder of afghanistan
ahmed shah abdul
52
was it the line which separated india from afghanistan called in 1893?
Durand line
53
what were the 3 wars in afghanistan?
1. soviet invasion of 1979 2. afghan civil war 1989-96 3. afghan war till 2001
54
in april 1978, govt of _____ was replaced by a coup of left-rule people’s democratic party. The new govt supported the USSR and carried out land reforms. This was not appreciated by the anti-_______ and ______. They organised themselves into a group called the ________ and the revolt was called a call for ______.
daud khan, anti communists and muslims, mujahiddeens, jihaad
55
mujahideens were backed by? what did they do for this group?
US, US gave them weapons and training
56
the wars were getting out of hand, so the USSR invaded afghanistan on?
24th december 1979
57
1,00,000 troops and mujahiddeens ran away and hid in the mountains. 3 countries that supported mujahiddeens were? the troop was specialised in?
pakistan, US and china. specialised in gorilla warfare, due to which USSR began losing
58
how did the gorilla warfare end?
USSR army withdrew
59
a new govt was formed in afghanistan, headed by ______ in 1986
mohammad nazibullah
60
when USSR disintegrated, govt in afghan headed by _______ also fell. the control went to mujahiddeens and ______ became the head with their base at Kandahar. by september _______ Kabul was ceased and afghanistan was declared as a Taliban state. The head was ____\\\\\
Najibullah, Barahuddin Rubani, Mullah Muhammad Omar
61
from 1996-2001 taliban rule prevailed. they ruled according to the ____ law. human rights violation and freedom of women was curbed. this was supported by Pakistan. Al-Qaeda was formed in Afghanistan which was responsible for bombing of ___ in africa and _____. the operation was headed by ______
sharia, US embassy, 9/11 attack on twin towers. Bin laden
62
america retaliated to the attacks by launching what operation?
operation enduring freedom from 2001-2014
63
7th october 2011, US gathered canada’s and UK’s and NATO’s army and by ____ they defeated Taliban
2001
64
new president of afghanistan after 3rd war was?
hamid karzai
65
when and where did US kill bin laden?
may 2011 at abattabad pakistan
66
killing of bin ladin was called which operation?
operation neptune spear
67
mullah omar, head of taliban was killed in?
2013
68
when was agreement signed between trump and taliban to call US army back?
feb 2020
69
what is the fullform of CIS
commonwealth of independent states
70
how many states are part of CIS
12
71
which three states did not become a part of CIS?
Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
72
arab spring in tunisia started with what incident?
mohammad bouzizi- the vegetable vendor who set himself on fire in fronf of the governor’s office
73
tunisia held democratic elections for the first time in?
october 2011
74
the term that means restructuring economic and political policies?
perestroika
75
what was the name of operation carried out under president bill Clinton as a response to the bombing of US embassies in ______, ______ in 1998
operation infinite reach, tanzania, kenya, nairobi
76
where were the 4 hijacked planes targetted to?
two planes targetted the twin towers of world trade centre, third aircraft crashed into the Pentagon building- headquarter of defence and the 4th one blown off in the air
77
where were the terrorists kept?
Guantanamo bay, cuba
78
what was operation iraqi freedom also called?
coalition of willing
79
in march _____, the US launched operation iraqi freedom to prevent iraq from developing weapons of mass destruction. other objective was to _____
2003, control iraqi oil fields

end of bipolarity (1 decks)

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