End of Life and Slaughter Flashcards

Question

notifiable disease - newcastle disease - signs

Answer 1

avian paramyxovirus type 1 nervous, resp, and repro signs also diarrhoea - watery green-yellow depression inappetence coughing sneezing gaping beak tremors paralysis twisting neck egg drop or short shelled eggs dead birds can look like - AI, fowl cholera, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bronchitis, salmonellosis, egg drop syndrome

Answer 2

increased mortality - sudden deaths in peracute cases reduced eggs resp signs excess lacrimation sinusitis oedema head and face with subcut haemorrhage diarrhoea nervous signs

Answer 3

fever dullness huddling anorexia conjunctivitis reddening of skin nervous signs - convulsion, swaying gairt, constipation, diarrhoea high morbidity and mortality highly contagious

Answer 4

difficult to differentiate from CSF

Answer 5

enteric coronavirus pigs only very watery light coloured hosepipe diarrhoea quick spread death in piglets reduced appetite lethargy dehydration adults usually recover (culling and restriction not required in UK)

Answer 6

very contagious skin disease incubation 9-13 days pyrexia - may cause abortion pox lesions - head, neck, near tail lesions on oral and resp tract mm enlarged LNs death more severe in young and pregnant animals

Answer 7

transmission - contact with skin abrasions, contaminated water or scabs in environment, inhalation of aerosol virus, virus in milk, saliva or nasal discharge vax - esp young animals isolation and treatment of infected biosecurity - separate water troughs, cleaning, visitor protocols etc zoonotic

Answer 8

lentivirus blood borne life long infection routine testing required - most subclinical slaughter of all that are seropositive

Answer 9

stallions shed in semen for years - usually have no signs but affects mare's fertility outcomes targets vascular endothelial cells and macrophages

Answer 10

taylorella equiginitis contagious veneral disease transmitted during natural mating

Answer 11

any animal dumb rabies most common form - depression, hyper-responsiveness, sel-mutilation 3 stage - 1 - behaviour change, light hypersensitivity 2 - aggression, staring expression, hypersalivation and dropping jaw, pruritis, polydipsia 3 - muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, paralysis, convulsions, death zoonotic 100% fatal

Answer 12

host species - birds spread by mosquitos zoonotic nervous signs anorexia flaccid paralysis muscle fasciculations

Answer 13

mammals and some birds zoonotic bacilis anthracis spores can survive decades inhaled, ingested or contact with skin lesions usually just sudden death if not then - dullness stop eating pyrexia harsh cough blood in dung or nostrils drop in milk production fits staring eyes colicky pains

Answer 14

animal by-products enforcement (england) regulations 2013 regulation (EIC) No 1069/2009 of the europeamn parliament and of the council

Answer 15

1 - highest risk rendering and incineration must be stained - blue all specified risk materials (SRM) and bodies containing SRM suspected TSE infections carcasses of animals used in experiments carcasses from zoos and circus animals 2 - high risk sometimes stained - black materials potentially infectious to humans or other animals materials containing residues of authorised vet medicines manure and digestive tract contents carcasses of dead livestock not containing SRM dead on arrivals 3 - lowest risk not stained can go for pet food heads and feathers of poultry bovine udders poultry intestines animal hides and skins horns and feet 1 and 2 must be pressure sterilised - brokem into small pieces and heated 133c for 20 mins under mimimum3 bars pressure

Answer 16

cattle - all ages - tonsils, mysentery, caecum, last 4m of small intestine >12 months - skull (exc mandible) including brain and eyes, spinal cord >20 months - vertebral column sheep and goats - >12 months - skull including brain and eyes and spinal cord brain and spinal cord - risk for TSEs

Answer 17

cooking and drying to remove pathogens removes moisture and separates fat and protein can convert parts to marketable products - pet food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, organic fertilisers, biofuels, oleochemicals cat 1 - rendered to biodiesel or combused as fuel

Answer 18

any livestock dying on farm must be collected, id'd and transported without undue delay includes stillbirths and afterbirths must used approved transporter taken to - knacker rendered hunt kennel maggot farm incinerator burning or burial is illegal exemptions - pets - including all horses in england but only specifically pet horses in scotland and wales remote areas - isles of scilli, lundy island, coquet island after a natural disaster can have licensed incinerator on farm - inspected annually by APHA

Answer 19

TSE of sheep and goats signs - excitability - nervousness or agression depression - vacant stare trembling head drooping ears high stepping trot incoordination of limbs unable to stand skin irritation - scratching on posts and gates nibble reflex when rubbed on back excessive wool loss skin damage

Answer 20

barbiturate - depresses CNS --> GA --> overdose leading to apnea and cardiac arrest quick loss of consciousness and death, minimum pain and distress if sedating before - alpha 2 but not xylazine - detomidine may be useful in young or highly strung horses large bore catheter - 12 or 14g, somulose is thick - tie in in case thrash about allow plenty of space communicate process and potential effects usually take 2 deep agonal breaths 1st 10ml over 15 seconds then rest as quick as catheter allows confirmation of death - corneal reflex

Answer 21

single shot with barrel in contact with animal need gun license instantaneous death owner warnings - loud, lots of blood (clinical waste bag on head straight away), sudden drop to floor, must sedate (head low and still), reflexes after death including heartbeat useful for needle shy horses - can sedate IM

End of Life and Slaughter Flashcards

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