End of pulm / cardio pt.1

Question 1

What is Pulmonary Hypertension? What is the prognosis?

Answer 1

High blood pressure in pulmonary arteries, very serious disease, poor prognosis w/o transplant

Question 2

What are the signs and sxs of pulmonary htn?

Answer 2

Fatigue, tachypnea, cyanosis, dyspnea AT REST

Question 3

Cor pulmonale is _____ failure

Answer 3

Right heart

Question 4

Cor pulmonale aka Pulmonary heart disease is….

Answer 4

Enlargement of right ventricle secondary to pulm htn, different than CHF, usually the end stage of COPD

Question 5

Pleurisy signs and sxs

Answer 5

Pleura are rubbing on each other when breathing due to inflammation, chest pain when breathing, cough, fever, shallow breathing

Question 6

A patient just had open heart surgery you should check to see if they have this pulmonary condition before beginning PT

Answer 6

Pulmonary Effusion - excess fluid in the pleural space, pts with PEff can’t due anything in PT (low tolerance)

Question 7

What is Pneumothorax? What can cause it?

Answer 7

Air or gas accumulates in pleural cavity, it can be caused by car accident, or in sports especially 17 y.o male

Question 8

What are signs of Pneumothorax?

Answer 8

SOB, hypoxia, mediastinal shift toward unaffected side

Question 9

Where are common sites for pulmonary pain referral? (9)

Answer 9

Neck, chest, upper traps (very common site), shoulder,(also very common) upper abdomen, scapula, medial aspect of arm, thoracic spine -pulm or AAA

Question 10

What is the #1 killer of both males and females?

Answer 10

Heart disease

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of heart disease are ____ in males and females

Answer 11

Different

Question 12

Chest pain can also mean….

Answer 12

Jaw, neck, essentially anything in UE (especially for females)

Question 13

Cardiac Syncope means

Answer 13

Passing out from a cardiac condition

Question 14

What would you do if a patient needed more than to pillows to breath comfortably when laying down?

Answer 14

Call physician

Question 15

Where does edema occur that would point to potential cardiac disease?

Answer 15

Ankles, hands (BL)

Question 16

What is caudication? What is it a signof?

Answer 16

Excrutiating, cramping, Pain in calf after walking 6-7 minutes, sign of PAD

Question 17

Nocturina is..

Answer 17

Peeing 4-6 times in the middle of the night

Question 18

PND is…?

Answer 18

“Air hunger” pt wakes up in the middle of the night at the same time everynight with a dry cough, feels like they cannot get enough air

Question 19

If someone has PND they might have…

Answer 19

Heart failure

Question 20

What for CV disorders have sxs that mimic musculoskeletal pain?

Answer 20

Angina, MI, Pericarditis, Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm

Question 21

Ishemic Heart Disease aka CAD akaka CHD is…

Answer 21

Disorder of myocaridum causing insufficient blood supply to heart, #1 killer US (lifestyle disease)

Question 22

Why should one worry about CAD if someone has no symptoms?

Answer 22

silent myocardia ischemia - symptoms do not always present (especially in diabetes)

Question 23

Name three types of Atherosclerosis..

Answer 23

CAD - coronary artery disease, PVD- peripheral vascular disease, CVD - cerebrovascular disease

Question 24

Simply put Atherosclerosis is…

Answer 24

Thickening of arteries due to plaque build-up

Question 25

What are ALL of the risk factors for CAD? (15)

Answer 25

Smoking, elevated cholesterol (over 200), elevated LDL (bad cholesterol, 100) , HTN, Gender (sux to be a female), family hx, Stress (cortisol kills), elevated triglycerides, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes (#1 reason for CAD risk, espec typ1), low HDL, Hormonal (post menopausal women), Age (old), Oxidative Stress

Question 26

Signs of Atheroslcerosis

Answer 26

General: angina, fatigue, SOB | Sometimes asymptomatic, sometimes sudden death

Question 27

Tx of Atherosclerosis-

Answer 27

DIET AND EXERCISE, | PTCA, stent, statin, Bypass sx

Question 28

Where are grafts potentially taken from for bypass sx?

Answer 28

Mammory artery, saphenous vein (too small for females), radial artery

Question 29

Sternal Pxns vary but generally after open <3 surgery one should not...

Answer 29

Drive, shoulder ABD with ER, pulling up in bed, pushing pulling or lifting

Question 30

What is Angina?

Answer 30

Temporary chest pain or discomfort that results when cardiac workload exceeds the O2 supply to myocardial tissue

Question 31

What are the types of Angina?

Answer 31

Preinfarct/unstable, chronic/stable, new onset, postinfarct, prinzmetal's, resting

Question 32

What is the BEST tx for angina?

Answer 32

Exercise

Question 33

What is an MI?

Answer 33

Development of ischemia with resultant necrosis of myocardial tissue

Question 34

If someone is experiencing crushing chest pain radiating to arms, throat, neck and back, pallor, SOB, excessive sweating, nausea, dizziness, or fainting they are having a ____ and you shoud___

Answer 34

Myocardial Infarction, call 911

Question 35

Within seven days of an MI, a patient can experience...

Answer 35

Post infarct complications (CHF, a second MI, thromboembolism, pericarditis, rupture of <3, dysrrhythmia, cardiogenic shock)

Question 36

What is the target heart rate to exercise a pt with a pathology to?

Answer 36

20 bpm above their normal

Question 37

MI symptoms in a female can occure anywhere...

Answer 37

Above the waist

Question 38

CHF is not a ____ it is a ____

Answer 38

Disease; syndrome

Question 39

Chronic CHF means___ acute CHF means____

Answer 39

Stable (constanst); exacerbation

Question 40

Left CHF comes from___ | Right CHF comes from___

Answer 40

Heart; lungs (or seconary to left failure)

Question 41

Signs and sxs of CHF exacerbation..

Answer 41

PND, BL edema, crackles in lungs, gain 3 lbs over night,

Question 42

CHF can lead to...

Answer 42

Pulmonary edema