end of year 8 test

Question 1

adapted definition

Answer 1

to make something suitable for new conditions/its use

Question 2

features of many predators

Answer 2

•forward facing eyes to look out for prey
•large, sharp claws

Question 3

features of many predators

Answer 3

•forward facing eyes to look out for prey
•large, sharp claws

Question 4

features of many prey

Answer 4

•eyes on the side of their heads to keep lookout
•some form of protection (e.g horns, spines, armour)
•run fast

Question 5

examples of animals with adaptations in/on their mouth

Answer 5

•lion - sharp teeth to slice through meat
•birds - large, powerful beak for crushing trees
•sheep - wide, ridged teeth for grinding up grass

Question 6

what happens in sexual reproduction/fertilisation?

Answer 6

the male sex cell fuses with the nucleus of the female sex cell which produces a fertilised egg

Question 7

what does sexual reproduction need?

Answer 7

two parents

Question 8

what does a fertilised egg grow into?

Answer 8

an embryo which then grows into a living thing

Question 9

when fertilisation happens outside/inside an animal’s body it is called:

Answer 9

•outside - external fertilisation
•inside - internal fertilisation

Question 10

why do animals that use external fertilisation produce lots of eggs?

Answer 10

because some will be eaten by other animals

Question 11

what do ovaries and testes produce?

Answer 11

sex cells

Question 12

what are the parts of the female reproductive organ?

Answer 12

•oviduct
•ovary
•uterus
•cervix
•vagina

Question 13

what are the parts of the male reproductive organ?

Answer 13

•bladder
•glands
•penis
•sperm duct
•urethra
•testes
•foreskin
•scrotum

Question 14

what happens when a metal burns?

Answer 14

it combines with oxygen from the air to form a chemical called oxide

Question 15

what is a compound?

Answer 15

a substance made up of two or more different elements fused together

Question 16

what is an element?

Answer 16

a substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 17

magnesium + oxygen =

Answer 17

magnesium oxide

Question 18

what are the products and reactants of copper + oxygen = copper oxide

Answer 18

•copper + oxygen - reactants
•copper oxide - product

Question 19

acid + metal oxide/hydroxide –>

Answer 19

salt + water

Question 20

what is the reaction called when a metal oxide/hydroxide reacts with an acid to form water + salt

Answer 20

neutralisation

Question 21

hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide=

Answer 21

potassium chloride + water

Question 22

sulphuric acid + copper oxide=

Answer 22

copper sulfate + water

Question 23

how do you check if neutralisation has occurred?

Answer 23

•with a universal indicator
•litmus paper

Question 24

what would the ph of a neutral substance be?

Answer 24

ph7

Question 25

if the ph of a substance is 8-14, it is:

Answer 25

an alkaline

Question 26

if the ph of a substance is 1-6 it is:

Answer 26

an acid

Question 27

in what states does conduction occur?

Answer 27

•solids •liquids (but not well)

Question 28

what are the particles like in solids?

Answer 28

all touching and very close together, arranged in a regular way

Question 29

what are the particles like in liquids?

Answer 29

close together, all touching but not tightly packed, follow the shape of container

Question 30

what are the particles like in gases?

Answer 30

very far apart and constantly moving, none touching

Question 31

what materials are the best conductors?

Answer 31

metals, most other solids are poor conductors

Question 32

what happens in heat conduction?

Answer 32

the particles in a solid are held tightly together, when they gain energy (from heat) they vibrate faster and so the vibrations are passed down

Question 33

in what states does convection take place?

Answer 33

•liquids •gases

Question 34

liquids, gases, and solids which contain lots of air are:

Answer 34

insulators, which dont conduct heat very well

Question 35

liquids, gases, and solids which contain lots of air are:

Answer 35

insulators, which dont conduct heat very well

Question 36

what happens during convection?

Answer 36

When the air near the heat source is heated, the particles spread apart and the air becomes less dense and rises. As it rises it meets cooler air and passes the energy on. Because the energy is passed on, the air cools and becomes denser. The denser air sinks, setting up a convection current.

Question 37

how can heat be transferred through empty space?

Answer 37

infrared radiation

Question 38

how can heat be transferred through empty space?

Answer 38

infrared radiation

Question 39

what do hot/warm objects emit?

Answer 39

radiation

Question 40

how does infrared radiation travel?

Answer 40

as waves

Question 41

what is the unit for measuring forces?

Answer 41

newtons (N)

Question 42

what are forces?

Answer 42

pushes and pulls

Question 43

forces can:

Answer 43

•change the shape/size of an object •change the speed objects are moving at faster or slower •change the direction of a moving object.

Question 44

what is friction?

Answer 44

a force caused by two things rubbing together

Question 45

2 types of friction are:

Answer 45

•air resistance •water resistance

Question 46

what does upthrust do?

Answer 46

•pushes things up (like a chair someones sat on) •is the reason things float in water

Question 47

contacts forces need to:

Answer 47

touch the things that they are affecting

Question 48

examples of contact forces:

Answer 48

•friction •air resistance •water resistance •upthrust

Question 49

non-contact forces dont need:

Answer 49

to touch the things they are affecting

Question 50

examples of non-contact forces:

Answer 50

•gravity •magnetism •static electricity

Question 51

if you float in a swimming pool:

Answer 51

your weight and the upthrust are balanced

Question 52

to stay fit you should:

Answer 52

•have a balanced diet •excercise regularly •avoid smoking •avoid alcohol/drug abuse

Question 53

during excercise muscle cells need more:

Answer 53

energy which is obtained from glucose

Question 54

during excercise muscle cells need more:

Answer 54

energy which is obtained from glucose

Question 55

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 55

oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 56

what is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 56

•to supply the oxygen your body needs •remove carbon dioxide

Question 57

what is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 57

•to digest/absorb food •excrete waste products •provide glucose

Question 58

what is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 58

•carry the glucose and oxygen to the muscle cells •carry the carbon dioxide away to the lungs

Question 59

why does your breathing/pulse rate increase during excercise?

Answer 59

because your cells need more oxygen and glucose for respiration

Question 60

what is your breathing/pulse rate?

Answer 60

•breathing rate - number of breaths per minute •pulse rate - number of heart beats per minute