End Of Year Exam Year 9 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the trolley problem?
A moral dilemma about choosing to sacrifice one life to save many.
What is consequentialism?
An ethical theory where the outcome determines if an action is right or wrong.
What is deontology?
An ethical theory that focuses on rules and duties, not outcomes.
What is utilitarianism?
The idea that the best action is the one that brings the most happiness.
Who is linked to utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
What is the hedonic calculus?
A method to measure how much pleasure or pain an action causes.
What is act utilitarianism?
Judging each action by how much happiness it produces.
What is rule utilitarianism?
Following rules that lead to the most happiness overall.
What is egalitarianism?
The belief that all people should be treated equally and fairly.
What is reform?
Changing a criminal’s behavior for the better.
What is deterrence?
Stopping people from committing crimes by fear of punishment.
What is retribution?
Punishing someone because they deserve it.
What is protection?
Keeping the public safe from dangerous individuals.
What is the age of criminal responsibility in the UK?
10 years old.
What is the age of criminal responsibility in Scotland?
12 years old.
Name some methods of capital punishment.
Lethal injection, electric chair, hanging, firing squad, gas chamber.
What ethical question does the trolley problem raise?
Is it right to sacrifice one life to save more lives?
What matters most in consequentialism?
The result or outcome of an action.
What matters most in deontology?
Following moral rules or duties.
Why might utilitarianism be criticised?
It can ignore the rights of individuals.
How does rule utilitarianism avoid problems of act utilitarianism?
By using general rules to protect fairness and consistency.
How does egalitarianism relate to fairness?
It supports equal treatment and opportunities for all.
