End of year physics cards 13/6/25 Flashcards
If you see a bomb about to land on top of your head, you might think that you should run and go underground. But actually, it's better to just stand there and wait for it to explode on your head. This makes sure you receive optimal damage. -ZackDFilms, probably. (22 cards)
Name two features of sound
pitch - which is either high or low.
volume - which is either loud or quiet.
Frequency is the number of vibrations per ____________.
Frequency is measured in _______ .
The higher the frequency the __________ the pitch.
Frequency is the number of vibrations per second.
Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz).
The higher the frequency the higher the pitch
What is sound caused by?
Vibrations
What is the pitch of a sound?
How high or low a sound is.
What are low pitch sounds caused by?
Slow vibrations
What is frequency measured in?
Hertz (Hz)
What type of wave is sound?
A longitudinal wave.
Are the vibrations parallel or perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer?
The vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel
Describe what happens when a tuning fork makes a sound.
When a tuning fork produces a sound, the prongs vibrate .
When it moves forward the air particles are pushed together, producing a compression (high pressure).
When it moves back the air particles are pulled apart, producing a rarefaction (low pressure).
This pushing and pulling of air particles creates a sound wave that transfers energy through the surrounding air.
What is the wavelength?
The wavelength is the distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the next wave. (e.g from one peak to the next peak).
What is amplitude?
The amplitude is maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position.
What is an oscilloscope?
In order to analyse a sound we have to record it using a microphone and an oscilloscope.
The oscilloscope produces an image of the sound wave
How can you tell the volume of a sound using an oscilloscope trace?
Volume is linked to amplitude.
The larger the amplitude the bigger the vibrations.
The higher the amplitude the louder the sound.
How can you tell the pitch of a sound using an oscilloscope trace?
Wavelength is linked to pitch.
The shorter the wavelength, the more vibrations there are every second (higher frequency), the faster the object producing the sound is vibrating.
The shorter the wavelength the higher the frequency the higher the pitch.
The structure of an atom
Nucleus- positively charged
Electron- negatively charged
What happens when you rub a cloth against a polythene rod?
When rubbed together friction causes some electrons on the cloth to be knocked off atoms.
These electrons stick to the atoms of the polythene rod.
As electrons have a negative charge (-) the polythene rod gains a negative charge.
As the cloth has lost the electrons negative charge (-) the cloth gains a positive charge.
The rule for the forces between charges
- and + attract
+ and + repel - and - repel
What is the job of the cell in a circuit?
It provides an electrical current
What is an electric current?
An electric current is the flow of electrons from the negative end to the positive end of the power source.
Define Ohm’s law
Ohm’s law is a method used to find the voltage of a circuit.
Voltage= current x resistance
Commonly known as:
V=IR
Fill in this diagram
