End Of Year Test Flashcards
(20 cards)
Saturated fats
Carbon-carbon bonds, no more H2 atoms can fit in
Coronary heart disease link
Process of extraction
Crush
Press/ distill
Water and impurities are removed
Unsaturated fats
Carbon-carbon double bonds
Good for you
Can be cracked/ hydrogenated in a nickel catalyst at 60’c to become a spread
Emulsions
Hydrophobic- water hating tails Hydrophilic- water hating heads They combine water and oil which would not usually mix Make mayonnaise and ice cream Makes sauces thicker
Structure of the earth and is atmosphere
Core, mantle, crust, atmosphere
What are the only sources of minerals that humans need?
Crust, atmosphere, oceans
Continental drifts
Crustal movement of plates- didn’t have any evidence so was not accepted
Why do plates move?
Convection currents caused by radioactive decay
Primordial soup
Ammonia, hydrogen, methane, water
Earths atmosphere gases
80% nitrogen 20% oxygen 0.04% CO2 Water vapour Noble gases
How are double bonds detected?
Using bromine to see if it goes colourless
Conditions for hydrogenation
Nickel catalyst, hydrogen 60’c
What is used to stop oil and water from separating?
Emulsions
Give an example of a giant ionic structure?
Sodium chloride
Give an example of a giant covalent structure
Diamond or graphite
Give an example of a metallic structure
Gold
Give an example of a simple covalent structure?
Water
Describe how graphite can conduct electricity
They are made of layers, which can slide over each other
They have 3 bonds between the carbon atoms
The spare bond of each atoms means that heat and electricity can conduct
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
What do thermo-setting plastics have that thermo-softening don’t?
Strong cross links between atoms that stop them from melting and being re-shaped.
