End Term Flashcards
(84 cards)
0
Q
Climate Change
A
refers to long term changes in he climate
1
Q
Global Warming
A
increase of Earth’s average surface temperature
2
Q
Global Warming Effects
A
Rising sea level
Increased Temperature
Habitat Damage
Changes in Water supply
3
Q
Cause of Seasons
A
Earth’s tilt on its axis
4
Q
Comets
A
- made of ice, dust and small rocky particles
- revolves around the sun
- tail always points away from the sun
5
Q
Meteors
A
- celestial bodies
- burn completely when it enters the Earth’s atmosphere
6
Q
Meteorites
A
- celestial body
- doesn’t burn completely when it enters the Earth’s atmosphere
- lands on Earth
7
Q
Asteroids
A
lumps of rock found in between Jupiter and Mars
8
Q
Lunar Eclipse
A
- the moon passes through the penumbra
- SUN - EARTH- MOON
9
Q
Solar Eclipse
A
- passes through the umbra
- SUN- MOON - EARTH
10
Q
Ecology
A
Study of interactions between organisms and their environments
11
Q
Two Factors in Ecology and their meanings
A
Biotic Factors:living organisms
Abiotic Factors : nonliving parts
12
Q
7 Characteristics of Living Things
A
- Must be made of cells.
- Must grow and develop
- Must be able to reproduce
- Must be able to obtain and use energy
- Must be able to adapt to their changing environments
- Must be able to respond to stimuli
- Must exhibit organization
13
Q
Cell
A
smallest unit of life
14
Q
Tissue
A
a group of cells that perform a specific function
15
Q
Organ
A
a structure usually composed of several tissues that perform function
16
Q
Organ System
A
A group of organs working together to perform a function
17
Q
Organism
A
An individual thing composed of different organ systems
18
Q
Population
A
A group of Organisms belong to the same species
19
Q
Community
A
A group of Populations
20
Q
Ecosystem
A
An interaction between the organisms and the environment
21
Q
Biosphere
A
supporting layer of the Earth
22
Q
Niche
A
role of species in a community
23
Q
Habitat
A
place in where things grow/live
24
Limiting Factor
any biotic or abiotic component that restricts the existence of organisms
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3 Feeding Relationships
1. Producer-Consumer
2. Predator- Prey
3. Parasite- Host
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Symbiosis
two species living together
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4 types of Symbiosis and definitions
Commensalism - one benefits while the other isn't affected
Parasitism- one benefits, one is harmed
Mutualism- both benefits
Ammensalism- one is harmed and the other is unaffected
28
Trophic Levels
represents a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem
29
Food Chain
shows how matter and energy made through an Ecosystem
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Biomass
amount of organic matter comprising group of organisms in a habitat
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Nutrient Cycle
cycling maintains the balance in the environment
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Primary Succession
begins in a place without any soil
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Secondary Succession
begins in a place that already has soil
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Climax Community
a stable group of plants and animals
is the end result of the succession process
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Limiting Factor and its different types
insufficient supply of a particular nutrient
DENSITY DEPENDENT: depends on population size
DENSITY INDEPENDENT : affects the population no matter hat size
36
Results and Discussion
This part shows the data gathered arranged or presented in tables or graphs
37
Bibliography
the references used by the researchers
38
Recommendation
Suggestions or future research are found in this portion
39
Objectives in IP
purpose of the study is stated here
40
Significance of Study in IP
cites the importance of the study
41
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
first man to make and use a microscope
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Robert Hooke
discovered that cells make up all living things
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Louis Pasteur
Discovered yeast fungus
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Robert Koch
discovered tubercle and cholera bacilli
45
When the first compound microscope created
1590
46
Cell membrane
- is semipermeable
| - allows some substances to pass through and blocks others
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2 things that make up the Cell membran
Phospholipids and embedded proteins
48
Cell Wall
The extra layer found in Plant Cells. It is made of Cellulose
49
Centrosome
A small body located near the nucleus , where microtubules are created.These are only found in animal cells
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Cell Division (Mitosis)
the centrosome divides and the two parts move to the opposite sides of the dividing cell
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Centriole
The dense center of the centrosome
52
Microtubules
shaped like soda straws and give the nucleus and cell its shape
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Nucleus
Found in the center of a cell. Contains the nucleolus that makes ribosomes.
Contains the DNA assembled into chromosomes.
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Nuclear membrane
Surrounds the nucleus
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Cytoplasm
Jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located
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Ribosomes
Where proteins are made through a process called protein synthesis
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Rough ER
Covered with ribosomes.
Connected to the altar nucleus membrane and Smooth ER.
Produces proteins in sacs called cisterns which are sent the Golgi body or inserted into the cell membrane.
58
Golgi body
Modifies and packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for export from the cell
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Smooth ER
Does not have ribosomes on its surface.
| Makes proteins and lipids that will be exported by the cell
60
Three jobs of the smooth ER
1. Makes proteins and lipids
2. I'm just the calcium level in muscles
3. Detoxifies poisons, alcohols and drugs
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Chloroplasts
Organelles containing chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy.
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Photosynthesis
In which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy -food
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Vacuoles
Filled with fluid being digested and waste material that is on it's way out of the cell
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Mitochondria
Converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP
65
Lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes
66
Rudolph Verchow
All cells come from pre-existing cells
67
Tropical rainforest
Characterized by hiring full, group of its different species sharing resources because of diversity
68
Desert
Has drastic changes in temperature within the day and has sparse Rainfall
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Tundra
Located at high altitudes and has surface areas covered in snow
70
Savannah
Dominated by grasses and trees often experiencing fires
71
Deciduous Forest
Has both warm and cold season, Located between the polar regions and the tropics. Evenly distributed precipitation
72
Taiga
Winters are long and cold and the summers are short and cool. High precipitation throughout the year
73
Diffusion
The random movement of particles from great concentration to less concentration.
The process by which substances spread through a medium which is either liquid or gas
74
Solution
A liquid mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are uniformly or evenly mixed
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Equilibrium
When the molecules move or spread evenly throughout
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Concentration gradient
The goblet changes in the concentration of molecules over distance. Necessary for diffusion occur
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Active transport
When particles move from a lesser concentration to a greater concentration
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Osmosis
Is the movement of water across the cell membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
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Passive transport
When the moment is from a region of greater concentration to region of lesser concentration.
The cell uses no energy
80
Facilitated diffusion
Helps the passage of these particles from greater concentration to lesser concentration. a special form of passive Transport. Only certain molecules can be moved from this the great concentration by carrier proteins in this membrane
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Phagocytosis ( Cell eating)
Engulf food using the cytoplasm and cell membrane
82
Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
When very tiny particles or liquids are taken in
83
Endocytosis
Has two types: Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis.
| a process in which cells take in substance us by forming vesicles
