Endo Histo

Question 1

what are the two other names for the anterior pituitary?

Answer 1

adenohypophysis and pars distalis

Question 2

what are the two types of cells that are mainly in charge of the secreting in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 2

acidophils and basophils

Question 3

what cell in ant pit secretes GH?

Answer 3

somatotroph

Question 4

what stimulates somatotrophs in ant pit?

Answer 4

GHRH

Question 5

what inhibits somatotrophs in ant pit?

Answer 5

somatostatin

Question 6

how do somatotrophs appear in histo? color and organization?

Answer 6

orange and in columns

Question 7

what cell in ant pit secretes prolactin?

Answer 7

mammotroph/lactotroph

Question 8

what inhibits mammotrophs?

Answer 8

dopamine

Question 9

what color do mammotrophs stain?

Answer 9

orange

Question 10

what cell caps gonadotrophs?

Answer 10

mammotrophs

Question 11

what cell in ant pit secretes ACTH?

Answer 11

corticotroph

Question 12

wht are croticotrophs stimulated by?

Answer 12

CRH

Question 13

what is the function of ACTh?

Answer 13

to stimulate the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

Question 14

what color do corticotrophs stain?

Answer 14

carolina blue

Question 15

what cell in ant pit secretes FSH?

Answer 15

gonadotroph

Question 16

what stimulates gonadotrophs?

Answer 16

GnRH

Question 17

what color do gonadotrophs stain?

Answer 17

bluish purple

Question 18

what cell in ant pit secretes TSH?

Answer 18

thyrotroph

Question 19

what stimulates thyrotroph?

Answer 19

TRH

Question 20

what color do thyrotrophs stain?

Answer 20

reddish purple

Question 21

what are two other names for the post pit?

Answer 21

neurohypophysis and pars nervosa

Question 22

what two hormones are secreted in the post pit?

Answer 22

oxytocin and ADh

Question 23

aside from the end of neuronal axons in the post pit what other cell is there?

Answer 23

pituicytes

Question 24

what is role of pituicytes in the post pit?

Answer 24

glial cells..help support axons

Question 25

name the stepwise direction of blood flow through the pituitary

Answer 25

``` hypophyseal arteries primary capillary plexus hypophyseal portal veins secondary capillary plexus hypophyseal veins ```

Question 26

what structure makes up the thyroid gland?

Answer 26

thyroid follicles

Question 27

what is inside of thyroid follicles/

Answer 27

colloid, a gel of iodinated thyroglobulin

Question 28

what two cell types make up thyroid follicles/

Answer 28

follicular cells and intervening clear C cells called parafollicular cells

Question 29

what type of capillaries are seen in thyroid follicles?

Answer 29

fenestrated capillaries

Question 30

what do parafollicular or clear C cells of the thyroid produce?

Answer 30

calcitonin

Question 31

what is role of calcitonin?

Answer 31

lower blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts

Question 32

what are the two cell types of the parathyroid?

Answer 32

chief cells | oxyphil cells

Question 33

what is main fxn of the chief cells in the parathyroid?

Answer 33

secrete parathyroid hormones

Question 34

what is shape of chief cells in parathyroid?

Answer 34

small basophilic cells arranged in clusters and form cords

Question 35

what do adrenal cortex cells do with hormone? what do they not do?

Answer 35

they synthesize and secrete...they DO NOT store

Question 36

name the three regions of the cortex of the adrenal

Answer 36

zona glomerulosa zona fasciculata zona reticularis

Question 37

what is the role of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 37

synthesize store and secrete catecholamines

Question 38

what hormone does the zona glomerulosa make?

Answer 38

aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

Question 39

what stimulates the zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex?

Answer 39

ATII and ACTH

Question 40

what does the zona fasciculata make?

Answer 40

glucocorticoids

Question 41

what stimulates the zona fasciculata?

Answer 41

ACTH

Question 42

what is a special feature of the cells in the zona fasciculata?

Answer 42

mitochondria have tubular and vesciular cristae

Question 43

what is function of the zona reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 43

make weak androgens

Question 44

what is the zona reticularis stimulated by?

Answer 44

ACTH

Question 45

name the two hormones made by the zona reticularis

Answer 45

dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione

Question 46

what is the fxn of hormones made by zona reticularis?

Answer 46

promote masculine characteristics

Question 47

what are the cells of the adrenal medulla called?

Answer 47

chromaffin cells

Question 48

what innervates chromaffin cells?

Answer 48

preganglionic cholinergic sympathetic fibers

Question 49

what are chromaffin cells analogous with?

Answer 49

postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 50

what two things do chromaffin cells release?

Answer 50

NE and epi

Question 51

what cell type in pancreas secretes glucagon?

Answer 51

alpha cells

Question 52

where are alpha cells located in the pancrease?

Answer 52

periphery

Question 53

what cells secrete insulin the pancreas?

Answer 53

beta

Question 54

where are beta cells located in pancreas?

Answer 54

central