Endo Learn

Question 1

RCT cuspal coverage statistic

Answer 1

Study found that 94% of RCT molars receiving coronal coverage were successful compared with 56% of occlusally unprotected teeth.

Question 2

Perforation incidence

Answer 2

2-12%

Question 3

Diagnosis of root perforation

Answer 3

Profuse bleeding into canal
Microscope
EAL
radiograph

Question 4

Management of root perforation

Answer 4

XLA
Attempt to repair with MTA success around 81%
Refer to specialist

Question 5

Broken file incidence

Answer 5

0.7-6% AAE

Question 6

Management of a broken file

Answer 6

Take X-ray
Attempt to remove - tweezers, US
Dress and refer to specialist
Bypass- WW small file alongside and EDTA to soften dentine
Accept and obturate to file
PRS/apicectomy
XLA

Question 7

Reversible pulpitis

Answer 7

Discomfort on cold/sweet, only lasts couple of secs

Question 8

Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

Answer 8

Sharp pain on thermal stimulus
Lingering spontaneous referred pain
Pain may be made worse by posture changes
OTC analgesics typically ineffective

Question 9

Pulp necrosis

Answer 9

Non responsive to pulp testing
Asymptomatic

Question 10

Symptomatic apical periodontitis

Answer 10

Painful response to biting or percussion or palpation
May have Radiographic changes

Question 11

Asymptomatic periapical periodontitis

Answer 11

Apical RL

Question 12

Chronic apical abscess

Answer 12

Inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis
Gradual onset
Little or no discomfort
Intermittent discharge of pus through an associated sinus tract
Typically RL

Question 13

Acute apical abscess

Answer 13

Inflammatory reaction to pulpal infection and necrosis
Rapid onset
Spontaneous pain
Extreme tenderness of tooth to pressure
Pus formation and swelling of associated tissues
May be no Radiographic signs of destruction
Often malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy

Question 14

Condensing osteitis

Answer 14

Diffuse Radiopaque lesion representing a localised bony reaction to a low grade inflammatory stimulus, usually seen at apex of tooth

Question 15

Protaper sequence

Answer 15

10 and 15 to 2/3 EWL
S1 to 2/3 EWL
10 and 15 find CWL
S1 S2 then Fs to CWL

Question 16

Favourable post design

Answer 16

Parallel sided
Non threaded
Cement retained

Question 17

Ferrule

Answer 17

Circumferential 1-2mm vertical coronal dentine, supragingival, within walls of crown, 360 degrees
Get ferrule effect - resistance form, reduce risk of fracture of root

Question 18

Cast post lab script

Answer 18

Please pour up impressions
Please construct cast post and core
Parapost colour
Core six degree taper
Please leave 2mm space in occlusion for crown
Enclosed reg or opposing imp or shade

Question 19

Methods of post removal

Answer 19

US
Trephan eg masseran
Eggler device
Moskito forceps screw retained
Sliding hammer
Anthogyr safe relax
Stieglitz forceps

Question 20

Which post is better

Answer 20

2017 SR. - no evidence to suggest survival rate better with one or other

Question 21

six guidelines for post placement

Answer 21

Tooth type
Root filling length
Post width
Sufficient alveolar bone support, at least half of post length into root
Min 1 :1 post length crown length ration
Ferrule 1.5mm

Question 22

When to use R25

Answer 22

If canal partially or completely invisible on pre op X-ray
If ISO 20 doesn’t go passively to WL

Question 23

When to use R40

Answer 23

If ISO 20 goes passively to WL

Question 24

When to use R50

Answer 24

If ISO 30 goes passively to WL

Question 25

Advantage of reciproc

Answer 25

Reduces risk of file separation compared to rotary

Question 26

Rotary

Answer 26

Protaper gold Continuous clockwise rotation like a drill Instrument spearstion

Question 27

What is reciprocation and example

Answer 27

Waveone gold Unequal bidirectional CW and ACW directions

Question 28

Why is reciproc good for curved canals

Answer 28

Good cyclic fatigue resistance

Question 29

What % of u6s have an MB2

Answer 29

93%

Question 30

What does D1 Protaper retx file have

Answer 30

An active working tip to facilitate initial penetration

Question 31

How to use Protaper retx files and speed

Answer 31

Remove files freq and inspect flutes Continue as long as GP visualised between cutting blades Speed of handpiece used. 500-700 rpm 300 for paste

Question 32

Solvents for GP removal

Answer 32

Eucalyptus oil and chloroform

Question 33

Direct pulp cap requirements

Answer 33

Asymptomatic Vital No history of irreversible pulpitis Small exposure Surrounding D relatively hard

Question 34

Direct pulp cap process

Answer 34

Arrest haemorrhage- copious irrigation with sterile saline Disinfect with CHX 0.2% Dry with sterile CW pledgers don’t air dry Pulp cap - hard setting caoh cement (dycal/life) or MTA or biodentine Vitrebond lining Continue to monitor, if symptomatic RCT required

Question 35

Indirect pulp cap process

Answer 35

Clean with 0.2% CHX Stained firm dentine left in situ, cover with a setting CaOH cement - Dycal or life - need covered with vitrebond. Or calcimol- light cure CaOH - used as lining or indirect pulp cap Provisional restoration - tooth must be vital, asymptomatic, no history of pulpitis Monitor for 3m - if vital and asymptomatic remove provisional restoration. Excavate stained dentine and restore any symptoms need RCT