Endo Nutri

Question 1

waist circumference cut off values

Answer 1

men: 36 in
women: 32 in

asian: 90 cm men, 80 cm women
who: 101.6 cm men, 88.9 cm women

Question 2

bmi overweight cut off

Answer 2

asian: 23
who: 25

Question 3

bmi obese cut off

Answer 3

asian: 25
who: 30

Question 4

treatment based on bmi

Answer 4

diet, physical activity, behavioral therapy in all
pharmacology bmi 27-29.9 (25-27.4) and >30 (>27.5)
metabolic surgery >30

Question 5

modest weight loss definition

Answer 5

sustained reduction of 5% of initial body weight

Question 6

caloric factors based on activity

Answer 6

bedrest 25
sedentary 30
moderate 35
active 40

Question 7

ideal body weight calculation

Answer 7

women 100 lbs for 5 feet +5 per in

men 106 for 5 feet + 6 lbs per in

Question 8

aerobic exercise

Answer 8

rhythmic, repeated, and continuous movement of the same large muscle groups for at least 10 minutes at a time

Question 9

resistance exercise

Answer 9

activities that use muscular strength to move a weight or work against a resistant load

Question 10

moderate intensity exercise

Answer 10

should result to an increase of hr to 50-70% of max hr

Question 11

vigorous intensity exercise

Answer 11

> 70% of a person’s max hr

Question 12

t/f if physical activity is performed within 1-2 hours of mealtime insulin, increase the dose to prevent hypoglycemia

Answer 12

f, you should lower the dose

Question 13

t/f in t1dm if blood glucose is >300, recheck in 5-10 mins before exercising

Answer 13

true

Question 14

t/f in t2dm, if blood glucose is >400 do not exercise

Answer 14

true

Question 15

t/f if blood glucose is <70 mg/dl, ok to exercise

Answer 15

false, DO NOT EXERCISE

Question 16

how to prevent hypogly

Answer 16

exercise 1 1/2 hrs after eating
check blood glucose before, during, and after exercise
avoid exercising during peak of insulin administration
avoid hot tubs and saunas
have a snack handy

Question 17

hypoglycemia management

Answer 17

mild and conscious: 10-15 mg carbohydrates

convulsing or unconscious: do not attempt to feed, rub sugar on gums ang take to ER for IV glucose

Question 18

abcdes in diabetes for vascular protection

Answer 18

a1c < 7%
BP < 130/80
cholesterol ldl <100
drugs to protect the heart (ace, arb, statins, asa)
exercise/eat healthy
smoking cessation

Question 19

effects of high gi vs low gi foods

Answer 19

high gi: rapid rise in bs, rapid fall in bs

low gi: slow increase in bs, gradual fall in bs

Question 20

t/f in deciding between food options, prioritize high gi foods

Answer 20

f, prioritize low gi foods

Question 21

what affects gi?

Answer 21

fiber and fat lower the gi

more cooked/processed food = higher gi

Question 22

carb counting or carb exchange?

Answer 22

both!

Question 23

fruit recommendation for diabetics

Answer 23

limit the fruits and take the whole fruit

Question 24

how to carbo counting

Answer 24

women 45-60 g/meal
men 60-75 g/meal
snacks 15-30 g

eat the same amount of carbs each day, 50% of food to come from carbs

Question 25

"tin's estimate"

Answer 25

(calories/100)/2 = x-1

Question 26

best eating pattern for px on long-acting insulin and oral medications

Answer 26

consistently eat at the same times everyday, 3 meals and 1-2 snacks skipped meals = hypogly

Question 27

best eating pattern for flexible insulin therapy px

Answer 27

carbo counting, fat and protein estimation

Question 28

best eating pattern for px on fixed insulin

Answer 28

consistent pattern of carb intake with respect to time and amount

Question 29

_____ is recommended when calorie and carb counting is hard

Answer 29

portion control (especially for elderly)

Question 30

food recommended to prevent/treat cvd

Answer 30

omega 3 fatty acids, fish (EPA and DHA) | nuts and seed (ALA)

Question 31

recommended sodium consumption

Answer 31

2,300 mg/day

Question 32

hyperuricemia

Answer 32

plasma urate concentration >7 mg/dl (>6 mg/dl for women)

Question 33

complications of hyperuricemia

Answer 33

gout nephrolithiasis urate nephropathy uric acid nephropathy

Question 34

clinical features of gout

Answer 34

acute gouty arthritis mimics cellulitis attacks subside in 3-10 days without residual symptoms until next episode

Question 35

gold standard diagnosis for gout

Answer 35

synovial fluid examination

Question 36

radiographic features of gout

Answer 36

cystic changes, well-defined erosions described as punched-out lytic lesion tophi has soft tissue calcified masses

Question 37

distinguishing sign for gout

Answer 37

patient has similar attack in the past male/post-menopause one joint is affected history of alcoholism

Question 38

differential diagnoses for gout

Answer 38

``` trauma (do xray -> - -> synovial fluid) septic arthritis (gram stain and culture) renal complications (check urea and electrolytes) ```

Question 39

t/f not all gout patients have increased uric acid levels in the blood

Answer 39

true

Question 40

clinical triad for gout

Answer 40

inflammatory monarthritis elevated serum uric acid response to colchicine

Question 41

overproducer vs underexcreter of uric acid

Answer 41

low purine diet for 3-5 days UA > 600 mg: overproducer ua < 600 mg: underexcreter

Question 42

mainstay therapy for gout

Answer 42

nsaids

Question 43

other treatments for gout

Answer 43

colchicine glucocorticoid (IA) diet change and exercise