Endo/Repro - Male Reproductive System Flashcards Preview

T2 - Phase 2 - Systems Modules (III) > Endo/Repro - Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endo/Repro - Male Reproductive System Deck (32)
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1
Q

What term refers to an inability to retract the foreskin?

A

Phimosis

2
Q

What term refers to an inability to replace the foreskin over the prepuce?

A

Paraphimosis

3
Q

What is the typical cause of phimosis?

A

Multiple infections

(may also be congenital)

4
Q

What term refers to an infection of the glans and prepuce?

What about just the glans?

A

Balanoposthitis;

balanitis

5
Q

__________ is the thick, white, cheesy substance that can collect under the foreskin of the penis. It is associated with the development of balanoposthitis.

A

Smegma is the thick, white, cheesy substance that can collect under the foreskin of the penis. It is associated with the development of balanoposthitis.

6
Q

What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men?

A

Chlamydia spp.;

Neisseria gonorrheae

7
Q

What are the most common causes of epididymitis in older men?

A

E. coli;

Pseudomonas spp.

8
Q

What term refers to an inability to undetected testes?

A

Cryptorchidism

9
Q

How is cryptoorchidism treated?

A

Surgical orchiopexy

(does not guarentee fertility or reduction in risk of testicular malignancy)

10
Q

What disorder (possibly of autoimmune origin) presents in middle-aged men as a painless testicular mass that mimmicks a testicular tumor but is instead full of granulomatous tissue?

A

Granulomatous orchitis

11
Q

True/False

Mumps orchitis is fairly common in infected children.

A

False

Mumps orchitis is fairly common in infected adults.

(Note: parotid involvement usually preceeds the orchitis by ~1 week.)

12
Q

What infectious etiology is associated with necrotizing granulomatous orchitis (and prostatitis and epididymitis)?

A

Tuberculous orchitis

13
Q

What is the typical factor that greatly increases the risk of spermatic cord torsion?

A

A failure of the testes to attach to inner lining of the scrotum

14
Q

In cases of testicular torsion, the cremasteric reflex is _________ (pronounced/absent).

A

In cases of testicular torsion, the cremasteric reflex is absent.

15
Q

What term refers to the benign, warty growths that are sometimes found on the penis in individuals infected with HPV strains 6 and/or 11?

A

Condyloma acuminatum

16
Q

Name two risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

A

HPV infection;

lack of circumcision

17
Q

Erythroplasia of Queyrat is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as an erythematous lesion on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?

A

Glans penis and prepuce

18
Q

Bowen disease is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as a scaly white or erythematous lesion on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?

A

Penile shaft

19
Q

Bowenoid papulosis is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as multiple soft, reddish papules on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?

A

Penile shaft

20
Q

Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, and Bowenoid papulosis are all examples of what disease process of the penis?

A

In-situ carcinoma

21
Q

Match each of the following in-situ carcinomas with their description:

(Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, Bowenoid papulosis)

_________________ - Multiple soft, reddish lesions on the penile shaft; seen in younger males

_________________ - Erythematous lesion on the glans penis and/or prepuce

_________________ - Scaly white or erythematous lesion on the penile shaft

A

Match each of the following in-situ carcinomas with their description:

Bowenoid papulosis - Multiple soft, reddish lesions on the penile shaft; seen in younger males

Erythroplasia of Queyrat - Erythematous lesion on the glans penis and/or prepuce

Bowen disease - Scaly white or erythematous lesion on the penile shaft

22
Q

Identify which of the following does not typically carry a ~10% risk of progression to invasive carcinoma:

Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, Bowenoid papulosis

A

Bowenoid papulosis

23
Q

What is the most common testicular tumor?

A

A seminoma

24
Q

Which testicular tumor is aggressive and characterized by areas of necrosis and hemorrhage?

A

Embryonal carcinoma

25
Q

What is the most common testicular tumor in children < 3 years old?

A

Yolk sac tumor

(endodermal sinus tumor)

26
Q

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with seminomas?

A

Beta-HCG;

large, polyhedral cells with faintly pink cytoplasm

27
Q

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with embryonal carcinomas?

A

AFP, beta-HCG

28
Q

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with yolk sac tumors?

A

AFP;

Schiller-Duval bodies

29
Q

Which testicular neoplasia is associated with hyperthyroidism and/or gynecomastia?

Why?

A

Choriocarcinoma;

highly elevated beta-HCG

30
Q

An incidental finding in a patient’s testicular histology reveals some scar tissue with calcification, hematoxylin bodies, siderophages, lymphocytes, and xanthoma cells.

What is the likely etiology?

A

A regressed germ cell tumor

31
Q

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with sertoli cell tumors?

A

Androgens or estrogens

(usually clinically silent!)

32
Q

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with Leydig cell tumors?

A

Testosterone;

Reinke crystals