Endocarditis Flashcards
(20 cards)
Causes of Staph Aureus Endocarditis
Prosthetic valves
No significant PMH
IV drug users
Cause of Strep Viridans Endocarditis
Poor dental hygiene
Cause of Streptococcus Bovis Endocarditis
Colorectal cancer
Causes of Staph Epidermidis Endocarditis
IV lines
Recent prosthetic valve surgery
Antibiotic treatment for endocarditis caused by staph aureus
Flucloxacillin (IV)
Antibiotic treatment for endocarditis caused by MRSA
Vancomycin and gentamicin (IV) and rifampicin (PO)
Antibiotic treatment for endocarditis caused by strep viridans
benzylpenicillin and gentamicin (IV)
Antibiotic treatment for endocarditis caused by enterococcus
Amoxicillin (IV) and gentamicin (IV)
Antibiotic treatment for endocarditis caused by staph epidermidis
Vancomycin and gentamicin (IV) and rifampicin (PO)
Antibiotic treatment for endocarditis caused by HACEK organisms
Amoxicillin (IV) and Gentamicin (IV)
What can amoxicillin/ flucloxacillin and benzylpenicillin be replaced by if the patient is allergic to penicillin?
Vancomycin
What are some of the risk factors for endocarditis?
Prosthetic valves Intravenous drug Use Intravenous lines Poor dental hygiene following dental procedures PMH of endocarditis Congenital heart defects Calcification/ stenosis of heart valves
What are some of the signs and symptoms of endocarditis?
Septic like signs - Fever/ Rigors/ Night sweats e.t.c New murmur Anaemia Clubbing Osler's nodes Janeway Lesions Roth Spots Splinter haemorrhages Splenomegaly
What investigations can be done for endocarditis?
ECHO (trans thoracic and trans oesophageal )
FBC
Blood cultures
How would endocarditis be treated?
With antibiotics and possibly with surgery (e.g valve replacement)
Which organism is the most common cause of endocarditis?
Staphylococcus Aureus
Name some culture negative causative organisms for endocarditis
Coxiella Burnetti, Legionella, Chlamydia, HACEK organisms
Which valves are most commonly affected by endocarditis?
Aortic and Mitral Valves Tricuspid Valve (In IVDU)
Which organs are most likely to be affected by emboli from endocarditis vegetations on valves?
BRAIN
SPLEEN
KIDNEYS
Which organism is the most common cause of endocarditis in the developed world and which is the most common in the developing world?
Developed world - Staph Aureus
Developing world - Strep Viridans
